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Church of Scientology legal cases
Scientology has an extensive and complex history with the law in many countries, involving criminal prosecutions, civil litigation, regulatory actions
Scientology_and_law
Church of Scientology detention building
former members of Scientology and media reports, from 2004, the Church's leader David Miscavige sent dozens of senior Scientology executives to the Hole
The_Hole_(Scientology)
American organization and business
of Scientology was started in 1953 by L. Ron Hubbard to promote and practice his Scientology theories and techniques. The term 'Church of Scientology' (abbreviated
Church_of_Scientology
number of disputes concerning the Church of Scientology's attempts to suppress material critical of Scientology and the organization on the Internet, utilizing
Scientology_and_the_Internet
Recognition of Scientology and the Church of Scientology varies from country to country with respect to state recognition for religious status, charitable
Scientology_status_by_country
Series of incidents that led to the church's banning from Wikipedia
Church of Scientology IP addresses blocked 2) All IP addresses owned or operated by the Church of Scientology and its associates, broadly interpreted
Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia
Church_of_Scientology_editing_on_Wikipedia
Actions of the Church of Scientology towards perceived enemies
policies and practices carried out by the Church of Scientology towards people and groups it perceives as its enemies. Founder of Scientology L. Ron Hubbard
Fair_game_(Scientology)
extraterrestrial cultures. Scientology doctrine states that a person undergoing the practice of auditing will eventually come across and recount a common series
Scientology beliefs and practices
Scientology_beliefs_and_practices
Policies and techniques
Scientology ethics and justice refer to a system of policies, procedures, and disciplinary mechanisms created by L. Ron Hubbard and used by the Church
Scientology ethics and justice
Scientology_ethics_and_justice
American mayor (1920–2006)
Pinellas County commissioner, a civil rights advocate, and a critic of the Church of Scientology. He died in Clearwater at the age of 86. Cazares was born
Gabe_Cazares
Figure in Scientology space opera
(/ˈziːnuː/ ZEE-noo), also called Xemu, is a figure in the Church of Scientology's confidential upper-level teachings, where he appears in material known
Xenu
Documents of Scientology's secret materials
Steven Fishman in 1993 in the federal case, Church of Scientology International v. Fishman and Geertz (Case No. CV 91-6426 (HLH (Tx) United States District
Fishman_Affidavit
Criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology
criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This project
Operation_Snow_White
Law firm of Church of Scientology
Moxon & Kobrin is a "captive" law firm of the Church of Scientology, meaning that it has no other clients apart from Scientology-affiliated entities. Its headquarters
Moxon_&_Kobrin
Staff hierarchy, practices, personnel of Scientology network
command, policies and orders. Religious Technology Center is the most powerful executive organization within the Scientology empire, and its current chairman
Scientology_officials
Critic of Scientology
judgement against Church of Scientology for compensation for the organization's fraud, intentional infliction of emotional injury, and negligent infliction of
Lawrence_Wollersheim
Belief system and practices developed by L. Ron Hubbard
Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices created by the American author L. Ron Hubbard. Hubbard initially presented his ideas in 1950 as a form of
Scientology
Leader of the Church of Scientology (born 1960)
the trademarks and copyrights of Dianetics and Scientology. He is also referred to within the Scientology organization as "DM", "COB", and "captain of the
David_Miscavige
1991 newsmagazine article on Scientology
of Greed and Power" is an article, written in 1991 by U.S. investigative journalist Richard Behar, which is highly critical of Scientology. It was first
The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power
The_Thriving_Cult_of_Greed_and_Power
Church of Scientology maintains strict control over the use of its symbols, names and religious texts. Although U.S. intellectual property law allows for
Scientology_controversies
Protest movement against the practices of the Church of Scientology
site where the project originated) and "Scientology". The project was started in response to the Church of Scientology's attempts to remove material from
Project_Chanology
Practices in Scientology make extensive use of techniques drawn from hypnosis. They are used in 'auditing' and in the Training Routines widely practiced
Scientology_and_hypnosis
The Scientology movement has been present in Canada since at least the 1960s. According to the most recent available census data, there were 1,380 individuals
Scientology_in_Canada
Scientology in the United Kingdom is practised mainly within the Church of Scientology and its related groups, which go under names including the Hubbard
Scientology in the United Kingdom
Scientology_in_the_United_Kingdom
American organization trade identifiers
Church of Scientology trademarks include numerous registered trademarks and service marks. The Church of Scientology and its many managed corporations
Church of Scientology trademarks
Church_of_Scientology_trademarks
officially classified the Church of Scientology as a "religious movement that poses a danger to society" in 2006. A 2011 law, Act C, further restricted state
Scientology_in_Hungary
American actor and film producer (born 1962)
has been an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology, which has resulted in controversy and scrutiny of his involvement in the organization. An
Tom_Cruise
on the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, which grants certain benefits, the Church of Scientology of France is instead
Scientology_in_France
Scientology plot to frame Paulette Cooper
known as Operation PC Freakout, was a Church of Scientology covert plan intended to have the U.S. author and journalist Paulette Cooper imprisoned or committed
Operation_Freakout
American attorney for Scientology
Bowles has been a Scientologist since 1975. Scientology and the Internet Scientology and law "Tim Bowles Law Mission Statement". Retrieved November 14,
Tim_Bowles_(attorney)
Scientology is in part derived from, and shares elements with, a number of esoteric or occult systems. The extent of the influence of specific occult belief
Scientology_and_the_occult
scam and samizdat, was the name given by Grady Ward to a series of articles containing the writings of the Church of Scientology, both confidential and non-confidential
Scamizdat
Breach of public trust
The Queen v. Church of Scientology of Toronto was a 1992 Canadian criminal case involving the Church of Scientology and members of the organization, resulting
R v Church of Scientology of Toronto
R_v_Church_of_Scientology_of_Toronto
American Scientology official
is an American Scientology official and an attorney with the law firm Moxon & Kobrin. He practices in Los Angeles, California, and is a lead counsel
Kendrick_Moxon
American documentary series
Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath is an American documentary series that investigates the Church of Scientology through the experiences of American
Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath
Leah_Remini:_Scientology_and_the_Aftermath
Scientology's advanced levels
concept in Scientology referring to a state of spiritual ability in which a person is said to be "cause over life, thought, matter, energy, space and time"
Operating_Thetan
American lawyer
for the Church of Scientology and its founder L. Ron Hubbard in the 1960s and 1970s, and whose name figures prominently in Scientology's history. Karno is
Norton_S._Karno
Scientology analysis and criticism covers the wide range of academic and scholarly perspectives on Scientology, including debates over how the movement
Scientology analysis and criticism
Scientology_analysis_and_criticism
Current and past corporations of Scientology conglomerate
The worldwide network of Church of Scientology organizations consists of numerous entities and corporations, located in the United States as well as in
List of Scientology organizations
List_of_Scientology_organizations
Books by Hubbard and Church of Scientology
bibliography of Scientology includes Scientology and Dianetics-related books, periodicals and other issues authored by L. Ron Hubbard and those produced
Bibliography_of_Scientology
American electrical engineer and writer (born 1942)
purposes, and all Scientology books published since then have included disclaimers stating that Scientology's E-meter device "does nothing" and does not
Keith_Henson
Scientology operation to take over Clearwater
Church of Scientology operation wherein the church planned to take over the city of Clearwater, Florida, by infiltrating government offices and media centers
Project_Normandy
Methodology of Scientologists
practice in Scientology in which a trained "auditor" asks structured questions intended to help a participant identify and address past experiences and emotional
Auditing_(Scientology)
American singer (born 1986)
of the Church of Scientology, and she was raised as a Scientologist. She started to write songs and play guitar when she was 11, and began to sing when
Emily_Armstrong
Since the founding of the Church of Scientology in 1954 by L. Ron Hubbard, the relationship between Scientology and psychiatry has been dominated by strong
Scientology_and_psychiatry
American Scientology critic (1950–2018)
American writer and activist, a former Scientologist, and a critic of the Church of Scientology who appeared in television, media and radio interviews
Arnie_Lerma
American Scientologist (born 1961)
the Church of Scientology's Sea Org who married Scientology leader David Miscavige in 1982. Miscavige worked as her husband's assistant and was involved
Shelly_Miscavige
European Court of Human Rights case
Government's refusal to consider the Church of Scientology of Moscow for registration as a religious organisation, and as a result found that Russia had violated
Church of Scientology Moscow v. Russia
Church_of_Scientology_Moscow_v._Russia
significant contradictions between Scientology and most religions, especially the major monotheistic religions. Scientology texts written by its inventor,
Scientology and religious groups
Scientology_and_religious_groups
The Church of Scientology publicly classifies itself as a religion, however many scholars and other observers regard it as a business on the grounds that
Scientology_as_a_business
British author and anti-cult spokesperson (1935–2004)
and later a critic of Scientology, deprogrammer, and spokesperson on men's health. He wrote The Mind Benders, which was the first book on Scientology
Cyril_Vosper
2015 film by Alex Gibney
Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief is a 2015 documentary film about Scientology. Directed by Alex Gibney and produced by HBO, it is based
Going_Clear_(film)
American actor (born 1976)
victims at the time of the assaults. The Church of Scientology's attempts to silence the victims, and other interference, delayed for 20 years the bringing
Danny_Masterson
American organization founded in 1996
organization that provides information about cults, and is owned and operated by associates of the Church of Scientology, itself categorized in many countries as
New_Cult_Awareness_Network
Church of Scientology in the United States has been the subject of decades of controversy and litigation. Although the Church of Scientology was initially
Tax status of Scientology in the United States
Tax_status_of_Scientology_in_the_United_States
1995 Supreme Court of Canada libel decision
Hill v Church of Scientology of Toronto February 20, 1995 – July 20, 1995. 2 S.C.R. 1130 was a libel case against the Church of Scientology, in which the
Hill v Church of Scientology of Toronto
Hill_v_Church_of_Scientology_of_Toronto
Status given to some Scientologists
In Dianetics and Scientology, Clear is a status afforded to followers by the Scientology organization, or by other Scientologists, after they complete
Clear_(Scientology)
American writer and Scientology founder (1911–1986)
January 24, 1986) was an American author and the founder of Scientology. A prolific writer of pulp science fiction and fantasy novels in his early career,
L._Ron_Hubbard
American film and television actor (born 1960)
Scientologist. He began taking Scientology courses in 1994 and later appeared in a Church of Scientology advertising campaign and in promotional videos. Beghe
Jason_Beghe
Current and former members of Scientology
A Scientologist is a person who adheres to the beliefs and practices of Scientology, a movement founded by L. Ron Hubbard in the mid-20th century. The
Scientologists
The Church of Scientology has operated in Germany since 1970. German authorities estimate that there are 3,500 active Scientologists in Germany as of
Scientology_in_Germany
Lawsuit about human trafficking
v. Church of Scientology International et al. was a court case filed in 2009 by Claire and Marc Headley against the Church of Scientology International
Headley v. Church of Scientology International
Headley_v._Church_of_Scientology_International
Internet software to protect user identity
Crypto-anarchism Cypherpunk Pseudonymous remailer Sintercom Scientology and law Scientology and the Internet Grassmuck, Volker (December 1994). ""Don't Try
Penet_remailer
1980 European Commission of Human Rights case
didn't foresee that. X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden Scientology and law "Church of Scientology c. Suede" [Church of Scientology v. Sweden]. Juricaf [fr]
Church of Scientology v. Sweden
Church_of_Scientology_v._Sweden
American actress (born 1970)
(1998–2007) and as Vanessa Celluci in the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2017–2018), both alongside Kevin James. After being a member of the Church of Scientology from
Leah_Remini
Scientology's drug rehab program
Narconon) is a Scientology organization which promotes the theories of founder L. Ron Hubbard regarding substance abuse treatment and addiction. Its parent
Narconon
American Scientology critic (1955–2025)
January 5, 2025) was an Australian and American former senior executive of the Church of Scientology International (CSI) and Sea Org based in the United States
Mike_Rinder
American lexicographer and Internet activist
American software engineer, lexicographer, and Internet activist who has been prominent in the Scientology versus the Internet controversy. Grady Ward
Grady_Ward
Website and organization critical of Scientology
published criticism of the Church of Scientology. It was launched in 1996 by Norwegian Andreas Heldal-Lund, and maintained by him until his death in 2024
Operation_Clambake
Scientology term for physical universe
MEST is a Scientology term for the physical universe, derived from the acronym for matter, energy, space, and time, and pronounced as a word. It was coined
MEST_(Scientology)
American lawyer
and three-time Mayor of San Anselmo, California. Greene is noted for having successfully conducted litigation against the Church of Scientology and the
Ford_Greene
Non-fiction book on Scientology by George Malko
Scientology: The Now Religion is a book on Scientology, written by George Malko. The book was published in 1970 in Hardcover format by Delacorte Press
Scientology:_The_Now_Religion
American actor and photographer
who work for the OSA do not follow the law." Lu, Anne (April 5, 2010). "Jason Lee's Ex-Wife Claims Scientology Ruined Her Life". All Headline News. www
Carmen_Llywelyn
Scientology device
E-meter (also electropsychometer and Hubbard Electrometer) is an electronic device used by the Church of Scientology during a counseling practice known
E-meter
Covert operations by Church of Scientology
government [by Scientologists] and (b) violations of the law by Scientology." Jimmy Mulligan, an assistant to L. Ron Hubbard's wife and GO head Mary Sue Hubbard
List of Guardian's Office operations
List_of_Guardian's_Office_operations
This is a bibliography of works critical of Scientology and the Church of Scientology. Between 1954 and 2020, only four English-language scholarly monographs
Bibliography of books critical of Scientology
Bibliography_of_books_critical_of_Scientology
2008 book by John Duignan
Covert World of the Church of Scientology is a non-fiction book about the organization and practices of the Church of Scientology, written by former Scientologist
The Complex: An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology
The_Complex:_An_Insider_Exposes_the_Covert_World_of_the_Church_of_Scientology
International headquarters of the Church of Scientology
ex-members, law enforcement investigations and lawsuits against Scientology have been thwarted by the First Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom and the
Gold_Base
Views and policies of Scientology on abortion
The intersection of Scientology and abortion has a controversial history which began with Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard's discussion of abortion
Scientology_and_abortion
Scientology has been subjected to considerable regulation in Russia including having books prohibited, and branches forcibly closed. In April 2007, the
Scientology_in_Russia
Scientology groups independent of the Church of Scientology
Independent Scientology, refers to a loose collection of individuals and groups who practice Scientology outside the authority of the Church of Scientology. These
Free_Zone_(Scientology)
Medical case
of Scientology in Clearwater, Florida. After a minor traffic accident where McPherson seemed unharmed, she removed her clothes in the street and paramedics
Death_of_Lisa_McPherson
UK law firm
the Covert World of the Church of Scientology, a book critical of Scientology. Carter-Ruck, citing defamation laws, stopped Amazon from publishing the
Carter-Ruck
Church of Scientology's ship
International Shipping Partners and owned by San Donato Properties, a company affiliated with the Church of Scientology. She was built in 1968 by Wärtsilä
Freewinds
American actress (born 1971)
Catholic, and Bodhi is of Jewish descent. The couple have two children. Elfman was introduced to the Church of Scientology by her husband, and she is now
Jenna_Elfman
1982 public investigation into Scientology
1982 Clearwater, Florida commission that investigated the Church of Scientology and Project Normandy. Among the witnesses who testified were Ron DeWolf
Clearwater_Hearings
Organizations pretending to be not-Scientology
Scientology front groups are organizations named or operated in such a way as to disguise their association with the Church of Scientology. The Church
Scientology_front_groups
Scientology holder of trademarks
1982 by the Church of Scientology to control and oversee the use of all of the trademarks, symbols and texts of Scientology and Dianetics. Although RTC
Religious_Technology_Center
1990 book about Scientology and Dianetics
Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed is a 1990 book about L. Ron Hubbard and the development of Dianetics and Scientology, authored
A_Piece_of_Blue_Sky
European court case
practice. Church of Scientology v. Sweden Scientology and law "X. et Church of Scientology c. Suede" [X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden]. Juricaf [fr]
X. and Church of Scientology v. Sweden
X._and_Church_of_Scientology_v._Sweden
Religion in Australia
population: 1,655 members in 2021, down from 1,681 in 2016 and 2,163 in 2011, while the Church of Scientology itself has claimed 150,000 members in Australia. It
Scientology_in_Australia
Canadian filmmaker (born 1953)
membership in the Church of Scientology for 35 years, Haggis left the organization in October 2009. He was motivated to leave Scientology in reaction to statements
Paul_Haggis
Third wife of L. Ron Hubbard (1931–2002)
figure in Scientology for much of her life. The Hubbards had four children: Diana (born 1952), Quentin (1954–1976), Suzette (born 1955), and Arthur (born
Mary_Sue_Hubbard
Scientology front group
Way to Happiness is a 1980 booklet written by science-fiction author and Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard listing 21 moral precepts. The booklet is distributed
The_Way_to_Happiness
1978–1996 American organization
against the Church of Scientology, eleven individual Scientologists and the Los Angeles law firm of Bowles and Moxon. In 1995, CAN, and two co-defendants
Cult_Awareness_Network
Lawsuits to suppress disclosing Hubbard documents
lawsuits and other legal actions, primarily in the California state courts, arising from Gerald Armstrong's departure from the Church of Scientology (COS)
Armstrong_cases
12th episode of the 9th season of South Park
on November 16, 2005. In the episode, Stan joins Scientology in an attempt to find something "fun and free". After the discovery of his surprisingly high
Trapped in the Closet (South Park)
Trapped_in_the_Closet_(South_Park)
Scientology has operated in Belgium since 1972. In 2003, Scientology opened an international office near the European Union headquarters to lobby for recognition
Scientology_in_Belgium
American financial influencer (born 1958)
Opportunity Commission alleging that they were fired for refusing to take Scientology training courses disingenuously renamed as "L. Ron Hubbard training"
Grant_Cardone
American actress (1951–2022)
pursue Scientology and work as an interior designer. In 1979, she appeared as a contestant on the game show Match Game, winning both her games and went
Kirstie_Alley
travel, tourism, insurance
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name from Old English land, Middle High German lant, ‘land’, ‘territory’. This had more specialized senses in the Middle Ages, being used to denote the countryside as opposed to a town or an estate.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a forest glade, Middle English, Old French la(u)nde, or a habitational name from Launde in Leicestershire or Laund in West Yorkshire, which are named with this word.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads so named, from Old Norse land ‘land’, ‘territory’ (see 1 above).
Boy/Male
German
Power of an eagle.
Female
English
Variant spelling of French Anne, ANN means "favor; grace."
Female
Arthurian
, ("mother"); a war goddess, mother of the gods, and mother of Gawain.
Male
English
Unisex pet form of English Andrew and Andrea, ANDY means "man; warrior."
Female
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of Greek Hanna, ANE means "favor; grace."
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : nickname for someone with a deformed hand or who had lost one hand, from Middle English hand, Middle High German hant, found in such appellations as Liebhard mit der Hand (Augsburg 1383).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname from German Hand ‘hand’ (see 1).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Flaithimh (see Guthrie), resulting from an erroneous association of the Gaelic name with the Gaelic word lámh ‘hand’. It is used as an English equivalent for several other names of Gaelic origin too, e.g. Claffey, Glavin, and McClave.Dutch : from a variant of hont ‘dog’, ‘hound’, either a derogatory nickname, or a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a dog.
Female
English
Pet form of English Andrea, ANDI means "man; warrior."
Girl/Female
Australian, Dutch
Loving and Musical
Boy/Male
German, Spanish
Famous Land
Female
Serbian
(Bulgarian and Serbian Ðна): Bulgarian and Serbian form of Greek Hanna, ANA means "favor; grace."
Male
Scottish
Pet form of Scottish Aindrea, DAND means "man; warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Rand(e), a short form of any of the various Germanic compound personal names with the first element rand ‘(shield) rim’, as for example Randolph.English : topographic name for someone who lived on the margin of a settlement or on the bank of a river (from Old English rand ‘rim’, used in a topographical sense), or a habitational name from a place named with this word, as for example Rand in Lincolnshire and Rand Grange in North Yorkshire.German : from a short form of any of the various compound names formed with rand- ‘rim’. Compare 1.German : topographic name from Middle High German, Middle Low German rand, rant ‘edge’, ‘rim’.
Female
Finnish
Estonian and Finnish pet form of Greek Hanna, ANU means "favor; grace."
Boy/Male
Hindu
An atom
Female
Spanish
Portuguese and Spanish form of Latin Anna, ANA means "favor; grace."Â Compare with another form of Ana.
Female
Danish
, compassion, grace; and, prayers.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, Scottish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : topographic name for someone who lived on patch of sandy soil, from the vocabulary word sand. As a Swedish or Jewish name it was often purely ornamental.Dutch and Belgian : reduced form of Van den Sand(e), Van den Zande, a habitational name from places such as Zande in West Flanders or various minor places named with zand ‘sand’.English and Scottish : from a short form of Alexander.French : from a Germanic personal name, Sando.
Female
Bulgarian
(Ðна), compassion, grace; and, prayers.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of hoops and bands, etc., from Middle English band, bond, Middle High German, Middle Low German bant, German Band denoting something used for tying or binding: ‘hoop’, ‘metal band’, ‘fetter’, ‘shackle’.Old spelling of the Dutch cognates Bant, Bande, from Middle Dutch bant ‘band’.
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
SCIENTOLOGY AND-LAW
v. t.
An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid.
adv.
Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), / ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces.
adv.
To any extent; in any degree; at all.
n.
That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.
n.
An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.
v. t.
To catch and bring to shore; to capture; as, to land a fish.
v. t.
To set down after conveying; to cause to fall, alight, or reach; to bring to the end of a course; as, he landed the quoit near the stake; to be thrown from a horse and landed in the mud; to land one in difficulties or mistakes.
n.
Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide.
n.
An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking.
a. & adv.
Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding.
n.
The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to labor for private or public ends.
v. t.
To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; as, to end a speech.
conj.
In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival to, especially after try, come, go.
v. t.
A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.
n.
Any ground, soil, or earth whatsoever, as meadows, pastures, woods, etc., and everything annexed to it, whether by nature, as trees, water, etc., or by the hand of man, as buildings, fences, etc.; real estate.
conj.
If; though. See An, conj.
conj.
It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive.
an.
Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases.
conj.
A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence.
n.
A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.
travel, tourism, insurance