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Features that define a (ship) sail's shape and function
vessels Sail components include the features that define a sail's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may
Sail_components
Fabric or other surface supported by a mast to allow wind propulsion
Mediterranean square sail (which had been in wide use throughout the classical period) was undergoing a simplification of its rigging components. Both the increasing
Sail
Sailing rig consisting mainly of sails
Bermuda rigged sails, gaff rigged sails, gunter rig, lateen sails, lug sails, tanja sails, the spanker sail on a square rig, and crab claw sails. Fore-and-aft
Fore-and-aft_rig
Type of sail rig used in East Asia
balanced lug sail, or sampan rig, is a type of sail rig in which rigid members, called battens, span the full width of the sail and extend the sail forward
Junk_rig
Oblique quadrilateral sail from south east Asia
tilted square sail, canted rectangular sail, rectangular balance lug, or balance lug sail in English. In historical sources, a tanja sail is sometimes
Tanja_sail
Triangular sail with spars along upper and lower edges used by traditional Austronesians
Austronesian sail types are typically fore-and-aft with spars along one or more edges and include a triangular variant with spars on the upper and lower
Austronesian_sail_types
Ancient lighthouse in Egypt
the son of Dexiphanes, to the Divine Saviours, for the sake of them that sail at sea.' Thus, not even he had regard for the immediate moment or his own
Lighthouse_of_Alexandria
Latin epic poem by Virgil
city of Troy by hiding in a large wooden horse. The Greeks pretended to sail away, leaving a warrior, Sinon, to mislead the Trojans into believing that
Aeneid
1947 raft journey from South America to Polynesia
conquistadores. The trip began on April 28, 1947. Heyerdahl and five companions sailed the raft for 101 days over 6,900 km (4,300 miles) across the Pacific Ocean
Kon-Tiki_expedition
Naval battle between Octavian and Mark Antony/Cleopatra (31 BC)
became confident enough to make preparations for battle. Antony's fleet sailed out through the straits of Actium in a desperate attempt to break free of
Battle_of_Actium
Mythological narrative poem by Ovid
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Metamorphoses
Purported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
Sea Peoples a similar process of literary reformulation, in which old components are reinterpreted and reassembled to tell a new tale? Narrative presupposes
Sea_Peoples
Ancient Semitic maritime civilization
before the city was attacked by Sennacherib c. 700 BC. The Phoenicians sailed their biremes close to shore and only in fair weather. They have also been
Phoenicia
Biblical flood myth
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Genesis_flood_narrative
Ancient ranged weapon
Dionysius of Syracuse, c. 400 BC. The Greek ballista was a siege weapon. All components that were not made of wood were transported in the baggage train. It would
Ballista
City in Lebanon
featuring James Bond and biblical themes: in their quest for petroleum, they sail on board a Phoenician ship, but the Roman regime closes off the ports of
Tyre,_Lebanon
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
heating. The Romans were the first culture to assemble all essential components of the much later steam engine: the crank and connecting rod system, Hero's
Roman_Empire
Ethnic groups of Austronesian peoples
sailing canoes, outrigger boats, lashed-lug boat building, and the crab claw sail), which enabled their rapid dispersal into the islands of the Indo-Pacific
Micronesians
Archipelago in the north-western Pacific Ocean
including the sail shaped like a "lateen sail" (actually the crab claw sail), hence the name Islas de las Velas Latinas (Islands of the Lateen Sails), the name
Mariana_Islands
Norwegian anthropologist and adventurer (1914–2002)
separated ancient peoples, notably the Ra II expedition of 1970, when he sailed from the west coast of Africa to Barbados in a papyrus reed boat. He was
Thor_Heyerdahl
Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Olmecs
480 BC naval battle of the Greco-Persian Wars
speech by Themistocles, the marines boarded and the ships made ready to sail. According to Herodotus, this was dawn, and as the Allies "were putting out
Battle_of_Salamis
craft. The apparent wind on the sail creates a total aerodynamic force, which may be resolved into drag—the force component in the direction of the apparent
Forces_on_sails
Cradle of civilization in North Africa
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Ancient_Egypt
Method of constructing boats and ships
which were less extreme with greater beam and more emphasis on propulsion by sail, together with extra cross-beams to strengthen the hull for greater weight
Clinker_(boat_building)
Ancient vessel with three banks of oars
upkeep in order to stay afloat, as references to the replacement of ropes, sails, rudders, oars and masts in the middle of campaigns suggest. They also would
Trireme
Pre-gunpowder projectile-launching device
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Catapult
Archaeological museum in Giza, Egypt
المصري الكبير والموقف التنفيذي لعملية نقل القطع الأثرية" [Al-Anani Reveals Components of the Grand Egyptian Museum and Executive Status of Artifact Transfer]
Grand_Egyptian_Museum
1st-century Greco-Roman document
there is another market-town, better than this, called Malao, distant a sail of about eight hundred stadia. The anchorage is an open roadstead, sheltered
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea
Ancient Roman ships, found in lake of Nemi in 1929
they were pleasure barges, though, as the lake was sacred, no ship could sail on it under Roman law (Pliny the Younger, Litterae VIII-20) implying a religious
Nemi_ships
Bronze Age civilization on Crete and other Aegean Islands
Early Bronze Age. The admixture analysis identified three main reference components: Anatolian Neolithic, Iranian Neolithic, and Western Hunter-Gatherer,
Minoan_civilization
Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 2686–2181 BC)
ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9. Papazian, Hratch (2012). Domain of Pharaoh: the structure and components of the economy of Old Kingdom Egypt. Hildesheimer Ägyptologische Beiträge
Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt
Oared warships
triangle sails were introduced the following century. Sails were generally made of linen, papyrus or other fibers, sometimes in the same sail, while the
Hellenistic-era_warships
Type of sailing vessel from the Indian Ocean
sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. Typically sporting long thin
Dhow
Process of steering a ship from a starting point to a destination
cited in the Bible — would have been the first Mediterranean civilization to sail the high seas by sculling and sailing, guided by the sun during the day and
Marine_navigation
Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
found in Euonymeia, next to Athens, that produced tableware, textiles, sails, and ropes for export and shipbuilding. The most famous project of the Mycenaean
Mycenaean_Greece
Boat made from a hollowed tree
about 14 metres (46 ft) long, with two bamboo masts and sails made of pandanus-mat. They could sail as far as 80 kilometres (50 mi) and carry up to 12 people
Dugout_canoe
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
enemy ships, or to negotiate their position. The ships were propelled by sails or manpower. The ships the Persians created were unique. As far as maritime
Achaemenid_Empire
Ancient Greek temple in East Attica, Greece
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion
Flood myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh
217), "The eleventh tablet of the late version consists of two separate components: the flood story from Atrahasis, and the rest of Gilgamesh's encounter
Gilgamesh_flood_myth
Old dump for domestic waste
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Midden
Ancient trading confederation in the Horn of Africa (2500 BCE – 980 BCE)
Hatshepsut personally made the most famous ancient Egyptian expedition that sailed to Punt. Her artists revealing much about the royals, inhabitants, habitation
Land_of_Punt
Athenian military expedition to Sicily during the Peloponnesian War (415–413 BC)
He was not charged, and the fleet sailed the next day. His opponents, however, waited for Alcibiades to set sail before they leveled the charges against
Sicilian_Expedition
Sea-based state or society
thalassocracies whose chief powers lay in their ports and in their ability to sail navies to defend friendly coasts and to ravage enemy ones. These include
Thalassocracy
Micronesian navigational aid
others could utilize the expertise of the navigator, fifteen or more canoes sailed together in a squadron, accompanied by a leader pilot skilled in use of
Marshall_Islands_stick_chart
multiple levels such as biremes or triremes, and many of which also had sails. Initial efforts of the Romans to construct a war fleet were based on copies
Ships_of_ancient_Rome
Boat with one or more lateral support floats
Asia. They are traditionally fitted with Austronesian sails, like the crab claw sails and tanja sails, but in modern times are often fitted with petrol engines
Outrigger_boat
Ancient sailing ship from Java or Sumatra
plankings, has no outrigger, mounted with many masts and sails, the sail is in the form of a tanja sail, and has a plank fastening technique in the form of
K'un-lun_po
Roman galley
liburna is depicted as a light vessel with a single row of oars, one mast, one sail, and a prow curving outward. Beneath the prow, a rostrum was installed for
Liburna
Large archaeological site of a harbour city near Rome, Italy
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Ostia_Antica
Work by Herodotus
they loaded all their goods that could be transported aboard ship, and sailed away to seek a livelihood and a country; until at last, after sojourning
Histories_(Herodotus)
River battle in the Nile Delta between the Egyptians and the Sea Peoples
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Battle_of_the_Delta
Woodworking joint
many variations of this type of joint, but its basic structure has two components, the mortise hole and the tenon tongue. The tenon, formed on the end of
Mortise_and_tenon
2700–2000 BC Greek shipwreck
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Dokos_shipwreck
Device with multiple hooks attached to a rope
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Grappling_hook
Ancient Greek galley
bank of twenty-five oars to a side, fifty in total. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favorable wind. Penteconters were longer
Penteconter
Weapons intended to start fires
World War II were in the form of bombs and shells whose main incendiary component is white phosphorus (WP), and can be used in an offensive anti-personnel
Incendiary_device
Methods to navigate the Pacific Ocean
the island's inhabitants used their maritime navigation skills and set sail for new islands. However, as an increasing number of islands in the South
Polynesian_navigation
Degree of curvature of a sail in a horizontal cross-section
used in reference to the draft of a sail (i.e. "More belly in the main sail."). Forces on sails Sail components Barrie Smith; Jeremy Evans; Pat Manley
Draft_(sail)
Period of British prehistory predating the Roman occupation
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
British_Iron_Age
Type of sailing rig
(/ləˈtiːn/; from French latine 'Latin'), also called a latin-rig, is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft
Lateen
The angle of the mast and the lack of fittings on it suggest that a lateen sail is the most likely configuration for such a small vessel. A 2007 expedition
Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks
Speakers of Austronesian languages
(notably catamarans, outrigger boats, lashed-lug boats, and the crab claw sail), this enabled phases of rapid dispersal into the islands of the Indo-Pacific
Austronesian_peoples
Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia
long-existing erosion. Two years later, the Company contracted Alexander Burnes to sail up the Indus to assess the feasibility of water travel for its army. Burnes
Indus_Valley_Civilisation
217 BC battle of the Second Punic War
was clearly visible to the Romans. Once it was dark, Hannibal sent the components of his army on night marches behind the hills to the north of the lake
Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene
Full-sized reconstruction of an ancient trireme
θαλαμίτης: θάλαμος "inner chamber") — lower bank 10 sailors for handling the sails 14 epibatai (ἐπιβάται, marines, literally "passengers") - 10 spearmen and
Olympias_(trireme)
Intact vessel from Ancient Egypt
intact ship. It has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake or a river. The ship was preserved in the Giza Solar
Khufu_ship
Phoenician city-state
However, Jupiter sends Mercury to remind Aeneas that his destiny is to sail to Italy to found Rome, regardless of his love for Dido. Aeneas and his men
Ancient_Carthage
Ancient oared warship with two decks of oars
height, the rowers being thus increased to 180. It also had a large square sail. These ships were frequently used by the Romans, as during the second of
Bireme
Prehistoric period of Mesopotamia
were recovered. The latter is the oldest evidence for the use of masts and sails. At the same site, pieces of bitumen with barnacles attached to one side
Ubaid_period
Offensive tactic used in naval warfare
purchase, no pay." There were two chief techniques of boarding in the Age of Sail. One was to bring the two ships close enough to actually jump from friendly
Naval_boarding
Nordic countries, has evidence of sail use from the early years AD, whilst Scandinavia appears not to have used sails until late in the first millennium
Ancient_maritime_history
Recreation of a 6th-century BC Phoenician voyage conceived by Philip Beale
replica of an ancient Phoenician ship departed from Syria in August 2008, to sail through the Suez Canal, around the Horn of Africa, and up the west coast
Phoenician_Ship_Expedition
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
List of surviving ancient ships
List_of_surviving_ancient_ships
Trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Roman Empire
locals and goods found in their markets, and favorable times of year to sail from Egypt to these places in order to catch the monsoon winds, that it is
Indo-Roman_trade_relations
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
Solar sails (also known as lightsails, light sails, and photon sails) are a method of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight
Solar_sail
Prominent trading partner of Sumer during the Middle Bronze Age
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Meluhha
Naval battle of the First Punic War; possibly the largest in history
The Roman fleet of 330 warships plus an unknown number of transports had sailed from Ostia, the port of Rome, and had embarked approximately 26,000 picked
Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus
Archaeological theory
Expedition by Philip Beale used a replica of an ancient Phoenician ship to sail from Carthage, Tunisia to Santo Domingo intending to demonstrate the possibility
Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas
Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas
Roman governor and general (40–93)
Cawdor (near Inverness). He also instructed the prefect of the fleet to sail around the north coast, confirming (allegedly for the first time) that Britain
Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola
Part of the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC
fleet set sail for Artemisium in the morning. The Persians then sailed on to Histiaea and sacked the surrounding region. The Allied fleet sailed to Salamis
Battle_of_Artemisium
Naval melee weapon
warfare in the Mediterranean rarely used sails, and the use of rams specifically required oarsmen rather than sails in order to maneuver with accuracy and
Naval_ram
Archaeological culture in Sardinia
EEF and WHG components), gradually increases from 0% in the Early Chalcolithic to about 5.8% in the Bronze Age. The absence of the component linked to the
Nuragic_civilization
Ship or boat with more than one hull
has the greater need of the outrigger to counter the heeling effect of the sail. The outrigger on a proa can either be on the lee or windward side, or in
Multihull
1798 battle of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria
1798, which had started three months earlier after a large French fleet sailed from Toulon to Alexandria carrying an expeditionary force under Napoleon
Battle_of_the_Nile
Specialized Scandinavian warship
Norse: herskip, Old Swedish: hærskip) propelled by oars, and later also by sail, used by the Norse and surrounding Germanic tribes from at least the 4th
Longship
Naval tactics of sailing ships
in contrast to oared vessel tactics. This article focuses on the Age of Sail, a period from c. 1500 to the mid-19th century, after which sailing warships
Sailing_ship_tactics
Ancient trade road that connected Mediterranean ports to India via Africa and Arabia
goods now being bought in by a direct sea route to India. Indian ships sailed to Egypt as the maritime routes of Southern Asia were not under the control
Incense_trade_route
Ancient Greek ship
antiquity. She was reportedly too big for any port in Sicily, and thus only sailed once from Syracuse in Sicily to Alexandria in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt
Syracusia
Flat structure for support or transportation over water
century but is now used only rarely. Large rafts made of balsa logs and using sails for navigation were important in maritime trade on the Pacific Ocean coast
Raft
Speculative historical theories
Asia, are surrounded by Oceanus, and that it is theoretically possible to sail from India to Europe through a northern passage. Since Metellus Celer died
Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories
Design and construction of floating vessels
a large, lightweight, down-wind sail used on fore and aft rigged yachts such as sloops to dramatically increase sail area typically used running with
Boat_building
sail and junk sail. The invention of these types of sail made sailing around the western coast of Africa possible, because of their ability to sail against
History_of_navigation
Conflict between the Roman Republic and the Cilician pirates
approximately 40 days under the command of Pompey in 67 B.C. The pirates no longer sailed in small groups, but in large hosts, and they had their own commanders,
Pompey's campaign against the pirates
Pompey's_campaign_against_the_pirates
Roman military boarding device
were attacking the area around Mylae, he took command of the fleet and sailed out to meet them. The Carthaginians, confident in their naval superiority
Corvus_(boarding_device)
Second-largest city in Bangladesh
offered to clear mines in Mongla port. 22 vessels of the Soviet Pacific Fleet sailed from Vladivostok to Chittagong in May 1972. The process of clearing mines
Chittagong
14th-century BCE Mediterranean shipwreck
provided from the cargo on the ship it can be assumed that the ship set sail from either a Cypriot or Syro-Canaanite port. The Uluburun ship was undoubtedly
Uluburun_shipwreck
Bringing a ship close to shore to salute those on land
A sail-by salute (or near-shore salute) is a salute performed by bringing a ship close to shore to salute those on land. Often the salute is performed
Sail-by_salute
Harbour of Athens and a port city in Attica, Greece
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Piraeus
Account of the rise of Rome by Polybius
Towing Poling Components Anchor Bow Cabin Deck Figurehead Hull Planking Keel Mast Oar Paddle Rope Rudder Steering oar Sail Sail components Stem Sternpost
Histories_(Polybius)
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Gale, GAIL means "calm, tranquil."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai = Sai baba, Shivudu = Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian
God Sai and God Ganesha
Boy/Male
Hindu
A name of Sai baba
Boy/Male
Indian, Marathi
God Sai
Boy/Male
Hindu
Immortal, Shirdi Sai baba
Male
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Salvador, SAL means "savior." Compare with feminine Sal.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hail, Mail
Boy/Male
Hindu
Putaparti Sai baba
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai baba
Female
English
Short form of English Abigail, GAIL means "father rejoices."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sai
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sai baba
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Lord Krishna and Sai Baba
Boy/Male
Hindu
Flower, Sais feet
Female
English
Short form of English Sally, SAL means "noble lady, princess." Compare with masculine Sal.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Hail Mail
Boy/Male
Indian
Hail, Mail
Girl/Female
Hindu
Flower, Shadow of Lord Sai
Boy/Male
Indian
God Sai
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
Female
English
Anglicized form of Welsh Alis, ALYS means "noble sort."
Boy/Male
Latin
Lame.
Girl/Female
Indian
Purnima
Male
Gypsy/Romani
Romani form of Russian Pasha, PESHA means "small."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Breath; Melody
Boy/Male
British, English
Island with Elder Trees
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
The Hearing
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Beautiful unique
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Marathi
Pertaining to the Mind; Individual Soul; A Stupa Built in Jain or Buddhist Places of Worship
Girl/Female
English
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
SAIL COMPONENTS
n.
To set sail; to begin a voyage.
v. i.
To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York.
v. t.
To furl; -- said of a sail.
v. t.
To pull or draw by the tail.
v. t.
To rail at.
n.
The pod of the sanil clover.
p. p.
Said.
v. t.
To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon (the water) by means of steam or other force.
v. t.
To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship.
a.
Limited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail.
n.
Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
a.
Like a sail.
v. t.
To arm with mail.
n.
Same as Sal, the tree.
n.
To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.
v. t.
To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
v. t.
To pour forcibly down, as hail.
n.
Dung; faeces; compost; manure; as, night soil.