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English-language word for a certain position
Referendary is the English form of a number of administrative positions, of various rank, in chanceries and other official organizations in Europe. The
Referendary
Anianus was a Gallo-Roman nobleman who served as the referendary of Alaric II, king of the Visigoths. He was a vir spectabilis, that is, an "admirable
Anianus_(referendary)
Referendary to Dagobertus
Chrodebert I (Chrotbert, Radobertus, Robert I), Merovingian referendary, son of Charibert de Haspengau and his wife Wulfgurd. Robert and his brothers
Chrodbert_I
Head of the Catholic Church from 1775 to 1799
Braschi was ordained to the priesthood. He was also appointed in 1758 Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura and held that position until the following
Pope_Pius_VI
Son of Lambert of Hesbaye
grandson to Chrodbert I, referendary to Clovis II through Chrodbert's son Lambert of Hesbaye (died after 650). Chrodbert was referendary during the reign of
Chrodbert (count palatine of Chlothar III)
Chrodbert_(count_palatine_of_Chlothar_III)
The referendary (Latin: referendarius; French: référendaire) was the officer of the palace in the Merovingian period who made the report of the royal
List of Merovingian referendaries
List_of_Merovingian_referendaries
Head of the Catholic Church from 1623 to 1644
July 1644 Predecessor Gregory XV Successor Innocent X Previous posts Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura (1589–1592) Governor of Fano (1592–1604) Titular
Pope_Urban_VIII
Organizational and administrative structure of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
This article discusses the organizational and administrative structure of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a
Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Offices_in_the_Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Spanish royal secretary and relator (1385–1457)
in reference to this ultimate position. He also served as a scribe, referendary, notary, and member of the Royal Council, and frequently traveled with
Fernán_Díaz_de_Toledo
Head of the Catholic Church from 1621 to 1623
to the priesthood. He returned to Rome in 1575 and he served as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura from 1593 to 1596 and was appointed as the
Pope_Gregory_XV
Head of the Catholic Church from 1963 to 1978
on 8 July of the same year. On 24 September 1936, he was appointed a Referendary Prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. On 16 December
Pope_Paul_VI
Head of the Catholic Church in 1591
him to the management of his affairs at Parma. He was also made the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura in 1559 and held that post for a year. In
Pope_Innocent_IX
6th-century collection of Roman law
is a collection of Roman law, compiled by Roman jurists and issued by referendary Anianus on the order of Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, with the approval
Breviary_of_Alaric
Polish bishop
Stanisław Karnkowski of Junosza (1520–1603) was the Great Referendary of the Polish Crown (since 1558), the Great Secretary of Poland (since 1563), bishop
Stanisław_Karnkowski
Polish poet (1621–1693)
pantler of Sandomierz (1647–58), Royal Secretary (from 1656), a secular referendary (1658–68), and Deputy Crown Treasurer from 1668. Apart from his career
Jan_Andrzej_Morsztyn
Ministers was chaired by the vice-president of the Council of State, while a referendary of the Council of State served as its secretary. This changed in the
List of prime ministers of the Netherlands
List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Netherlands
American Catholic canonist
Peters (born 1957) is an American Catholic canonist and serves as a referendary of the Apostolic Signatura (an advisor/consultant to the Holy See's top
Edward_N._Peters
Head of the Catholic Church from 1676 to 1689
August 1689 Predecessor Clement X Successor Alexander VIII Previous posts Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura (1642–1645) Governor of Macerata (1644–1645)
Pope_Innocent_XI
Italian Catholic Cardinal
Vincenzo Macchi. In 1859, he was ordained a priest. In 1860, he was referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace. Pope Leo XIII created
Luigi_Macchi
Pope Innocent X (1644-1655), he moved to Rome where he held the post of referendary of the Supreme Court of the Apostolic Signature of Grace and Justice
Opisto_Pallavicini
Head of the Catholic Church from 1667 to 1669
Urban VIII (1623–1644) where he worked in the diplomatic corps as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He was appointed as the Titular Archbishop
Pope_Clement_IX
7th-century French bishop and saint
Marseille in 667 and Bishop of Auvergne. He was also chancellor and referendary in Francia. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church
Bonitus_(bishop)
Political ideology
of the left and political values of the right and the support for a referendary republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions
Right-wing_populism
Highest court of the Duchy of Warsaw, established in 1810
the document titled Ordinance of the Court of Cassation, authored by referendary Onufry Wyczechowski. On 29 August 1809, the Council of State submitted
Court of Cassation (Duchy of Warsaw)
Court_of_Cassation_(Duchy_of_Warsaw)
Head of the Catholic Church in 1590
entered the Roman Curia during the pontificate of Pope Julius III as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Though still a layman, on 1 March 1553 he
Pope_Urban_VII
Italian Catholic bishop and cardinal
University of Rome on February 10, 1749. On July 10, 1749, he was appointed Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He became relator of the Sacred Congregation
Bernardino_Honorati
Semi-autonomous polity within the Russian Empire (1815–1915)
(ministers, senators, judges of the High Tribunal, councilors of state, referendaries, bishops, and archbishops). He had no competence in the realms of finances
Congress_Poland
Political party in France
values of the left and the political values of the right and advocate a referendary republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions
National_Rally
Highest judicial authority within the Catholic Church aside from the pope
VII combined the limited number of voting referendaries into a college, assisted by the simple referendaries, who had only a consultative position. The
Apostolic_Signatura
Bavarian poet and novelist (1835–1904)
Franconia. He retired from the Bavarian civil service soon after the referendary and began publishing his songs and ballads (Lieder und Balladen) in Emanuel
Hans_Hopfen
Head of the Catholic Church from 1878 to 1903
source needed] His uncle Giuseppe Pecci was a protonotary apostolic and referendary of the Signature of Justice and died in 1806. His brothers included Giuseppe
Pope_Leo_XIII
as a general legal assistant in Sodankylä and Lahti, Finland 1981-82, referendary of the Kouvola Court of Appeal of 1984–1990 and after a district prosecutor
Päivi_Hirvelä
Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
rector of San Clemente, San Giovanni in Persiceto. He then became a Referendary in the Roman Curia. He was consecrated as a bishop in Rome by Pope Julius
Achille_Grassi
Italian Catholic Cardinal
law. He was made responsible for three wealthy abbeys and was made a referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and of Grace.
Pier Donato Cesi (cardinal, born 1583)
Pier_Donato_Cesi_(cardinal,_born_1583)
Swedish noble
1600 he took up service with Anders Lennartsson. In 1602 he became a referendary in the chancellery of Charles IX and in the following years he had several
Anders_Eriksson_Hästehufvud
Italian cardinal
marry her, but instead he became a papal prelate under Paul V, then referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Gaspare_Mattei
numbers of extraordinary councilors (created by the monarch) as well as referendaries of state. The Council could prepare projects of legislation for Sejm
Council of State (Kingdom of Poland)
Council_of_State_(Kingdom_of_Poland)
Person who is to make a decision in court based on the law
be politically appointed. Judges are often assisted by law clerks, referendaries and notaries in legal cases and by bailiffs or similar with security
Judge
Head of the Catholic Church from 1721 to 1724
civil law, he was ordained to the priesthood. Conti also served as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura in 1691, later to be appointed as the Governor
Pope_Innocent_XIII
Italian cardinal (1552–1608)
first important step in the ecclesiastical career was the appointment as referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Alfonso_Visconti
Polish noble (szlachcic), politician and political writer
known for his integrity and dedication to the king. He served as Crown Referendary and later became Grand Lithuanian Chancellor under August II. His granddaughter
Stanisław_Antoni_Szczuka
Italian Cardinal
official in the Vicariate of Rome from 1929 to 1939, when he was made a referendary of the Apostolic Signatura on 23 April. Before becoming a canon of St
Giuseppe_Ferretto
National court system of Finland
in higher and administrative courts are assisted by legally trained referendaries (viskaali). Finland employs lay judges in serious cases in the district
Judicial_system_of_Finland
Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
family. He studied at Rome, becoming a doctor of both laws. He was made a Referendary by Pope Nicholas V, who admitted him to the Apostolic Palace. Nicholas
Berardo_Eroli
German politician
University of Berlin. In 1978, he completed the first, and, after being a referendary, in 1980 the second state examination in Berlin. He then worked as a
Karl-Georg_Wellmann
Frankish bishop, courtier, chronicler, and Christian saint
literary was given to young noblemen, he served Dagobert I as one of his referendaries (administrators). "Clothar's household seems to have been of particular
Audoin_(bishop)
Bavarian civil servant, politician and industrialist (1763–1840)
director of the customs and commerce deputation in April 1799 and a referendary in the finance department in June. On 11 July 1799, he presented the
Joseph_von_Utzschneider
German teacher and historian
certificate in June 1882 and in October of that year took up a position as a Referendary at the Luisenstädtische Gymnasium (secondary school) in Berlin, switching
Otto_Tschirch
Personal assistant and counsel to a judge
research. Judicial assistants also differ from "judicial clerks" or "court referendaries" (Polish: "referendarze sądowi") in that they possess no judicial powers
Law_clerk
Roman Catholic cardinal
various positions, and then moved to Rome, where he was able to become referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and Grace
Antonmaria_Sauli
Head of the Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700
became an official of the court of Pope Urban VIII. Pignatelli was the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura and served as the governor of Fano and Viterbo
Pope_Innocent_XII
Highest court of civil and criminal jurisdiction in Finland
presentation by a referendary. This means that the two members make the decision on the basis of the preliminary work and opinion of the referendary. Under certain
Supreme_Court_of_Finland
Polish nobleman (1737–1821)
Constitution of 1791. He was Crown Deputy Master of the Pantry since 1764. Referendary of the Crown in 1764–1780, Deputy Chancellor the Crown since 1780 and
Jacek_Małachowski
Catholic cardinal
named canon of St. Peter's. His following appointments include: prelate referendary of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (1883); secretary
Luigi_Tripepi
Italian Catholic Cardinal and papal nuncio
Chamber during the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII and was then appointed Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and of Grace.
Alessandro_Bichi
Catholic cardinal
Santori, related to the Borghese and Paluzzi Albertoni families. He became referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature in the Roman Curia and governor
Giacomo_Cavalieri
the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He held the offices of Lithuanian Referendary, Lithuanian Grand Secretary and Crown Grand Marshal. Fryderyk Józef Moszyński
Fryderyk_Józef_Moszyński
Giosefat in Cosenza. In 1765, he became privy chamberlain of the pope and referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and of Grace.
Ignazio_Boncompagni-Ludovisi
Polish statesman
(1776–1780), Marshal of the Crown Courts of Justice from 1774, Crown Grand Referendary (1780–1792) and Marshal of the Four-Year Sejm (1788–1792). The son of
Stanisław_Małachowski
Family of Lombardy, Italy
Leonardo Benzoni (†1552): Bishop of Volterra, Apostolic Protonotary, and Referendary of Justice. Studied in Paris; close to becoming a cardinal. Died at 55
House_of_Benzoni
Italian Catholic journalist and historian
and domestic prelate in the following year; in 1883 he was appointed referendary of the Papal segnatura, and was also created a commander of the Order
Pietro_Balan
French cardinal, archbishop, peer of France and chancellor of France
elected its dean in 1404. Subsequently, he served as chamberlain and referendary of antipope John XXIII and presided over the Paris Court of Accounts
Regnault_de_Chartres
King of the Visigoths from 484 until 507
wisdom in political affairs by appointing a commission headed by the referendary Anianus to prepare an abstract of the Roman laws and imperial decrees
Alaric_II
German jurist and politician
University of Cologne, where she achieved the first state exam in 1999. After referendary work at the Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf [de], and work in Istanbul and
Ayse_Asar
prolate, prolation, prolative, proliferous, refer, referee, reference, referendary, referendum, referent, referential, referral, relate, relation, relational
List of Latin verbs with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_verbs_with_English_derivatives
Head of the Catholic Church from 1758 to 1769
Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. In 1716 Rezzonico became the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura and in 1721 was appointed Governor of Fano
Pope_Clement_XIII
Italian cardinal
raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness. He was made referendary prelate of the Apostolic Signatura on 23 June 1878, auditor of the Vicar
Francesco_di_Paola_Cassetta
Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop
pastor of the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella. In 1552, he became a referendary apostolic. Pope Paul IV made him a cardinal priest in the consistory
Taddeo_Gaddi_(cardinal)
Prussian politician (1770–1840)
Erlangen, in 1790 in Göttingen, and later in Jena. In 1793, he joined the referendary of the Prussian war and council chamber. His overseer, Karl August von
Karl_vom_Stein_zum_Altenstein
King of the Franks in Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy
misgivings about Dagobert's moral choices, instead dining with the king's referendary St. Audoen. The Chronicle of Fredegar names the three queens as Nanthild
Dagobert_I
Italian Catholic cardinal (1853–1915)
3 April that year. On 18 June 1890, he entered the Roman Curia as a referendary prelate of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. He was made
Benedetto_Lorenzelli
Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
elected to be Bishop of Toulon. He traveled to Rome where he became a referendary of the Apostolic Signatura and domestic prelate of His Holiness ca. 1539
Antonio_Trivulzio,_iuniore
Lithuanian bishop (1572–1630)
time, entered the court of the Grand Duke Sigismund III Vasa becoming a referendary (a type of judge; 1600–1615), later royal secretary (1605–1615) and deputy
Eustachy_Wołłowicz
Head of the Catholic Church from 1700 to 1721
under Pope Alexander VIII and was appointed by Pope Innocent XII as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. Throughout this time, he also served as the
Pope_Clement_XI
Italian Catholic Cardinal
family in Narni, Italy. He entered the service of the church and became a referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signatura of Justice and of Grace then
Francesco_Angelo_Rapaccioli
Italian cardinal (1585–1656)
Naples (1621–1625) and in Spain (1626–1630). In March 1643, he was made Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Francesco_Cherubini
Austrasia. Rado (who, like Audoin, spent much of his career as court referendary), was the founder in about 630 of the monastery at Reuil-en-Brie, which
Rado_(mayor_of_the_palace)
Italian Catholic bishop and cardinal
of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. On 28 August 1747, he became Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He was made Relator of the Sacred Congregation
Marcantonio_Marcolini
Roman Catholic cardinal
participate in a crusade against the Ottoman Empire. He then became a Referendary of the Roman Curia. On 22 February 1475, he was elected Bishop of Aléria
Ardicino_della_Porta,_iuniore
Polish bishop
1624 to 1626, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown from 1613 to 1618, Grand Referendary of the Crown in 1605, provost of the Płock Cathedral Chapter from 1607
Henryk_Firlej
Roman cardinal
the Ospizio apostolico di S. Michele in Rome. In 1833 he was appointed Referendary of the Tribunal of the Two Signatures. He also became an official (ponente)
Carlo_Luigi_Morichini
Italian cardinal
studied at the Collegio Germanico-Ungarico, and in 1672 he was made referendary of the Segnatura. In 1688, he entered a religious order.[specify] In
Giuseppe_Renato_Imperiali
German writer and musicologist (1831–1885)
from Siegfried Dehn and Friedrich Kiel. From 1853 to 1856, he was a referendary and undertook journeys to France and Italy, and he also taught music
Ludwig_Nohl
German politician (1910–1989)
as a consultant at the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in Berlin. Still as a referendary in Bonn, he had joined the Nazi Party on 1 April 1933 and also the SA
Gerhard_Schröder_(CDU)
Italian classical scholar, translator, and canonist (1617–1661)
positions: consistorial lawyer, secretary of the Roman Inquisition, Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura, and canon of St. Peter. In 1646, he published
Carlo_Emmanuele_Vizzani
Roman Catholic prelate
the son of Michele Gesualdo and Maria Caracciolo. In 1609 he became a referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. On 1 July 1613, during the papacy of Pope
Ascanio_Gesualdo
Italian bishop and cardinal (1521-1583)
his brother Bernardino Maffei as archbishop. Around 1554, he became a Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He was the Governor of Viterbo from 27 September
Marcantonio_Maffei
Inquisition, the final court of appeal in trials of heresy; and in 1636 referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. In 1636-37 he accompanied Cardinal Marzio
Francesco_Albizzi
German literary critic, political economist, and theorist of the state
friendship was only terminated by death. Müller worked for some time as referendary in the Kurmärkische Kammer in Berlin. Müller's relations with the Junker
Adam_Müller
Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
life, he joined the Conventual Franciscans in Savona. He then became a Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. He was also papal treasurer in Perugia. On
Clemente_Grosso_della_Rovere
Italian Catholic Cardinal and curial judicial official
subsequently employed as a domestic prelate, auditor of Fermo and, in 1595, referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace.
Fabrizio_Verospi
Polish historian and philosopher (1750–1812)
Kołłątaj was also active politically. In 1786 he assumed the office of the Referendary of Lithuania, and moved to Warsaw. He became prominent in the reform
Hugo_Kołłątaj
Roman Catholic diocese in Italy
Gauchat, pp. 184 with note 6; 277 with note 4. Sperelli was appointed a Referendary of the Tribunal of the Two Signatures. He was appointed titular Bishop
Diocese_of_Gubbio
Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
him a canon of the cathedral chapter of Palma Cathedral and made him a Referendary of the pope in 1458. Next, he was the pope's Commissary Apostolic in
Pedro_Ferris
Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
then nuncio before Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He later became a referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. In 1543, he became an auditor of the Roman
Prospero_Santacroce
Italian Cardinal and diplomat
graduated as Doctor of both laws. He entered the church in 1715. He was referendary of the Apostolic Signatura, domestic prelate of Pope Innocent XIII and
Giovanni_Francesco_Stoppani
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth constitution
the Sejm Court, a precursor to the modern State Tribunal of Poland. Referendary courts were established in each province to hear the cases of the peasantry
Constitution_of_3_May_1791
of religions. In 1932 he joined the Tertiary Education Service as a Referendary. After 1933 further career progress was inhibited by his political past
Gerhard_Scholz
German educator and administrator (1786-1869)
Frankfurt, in 1815 a member of the Coblence consistory, and in 1818 referendary to the Prussian Ministry of Education in Berlin, a post he kept until
Johannes_Schulze
Head of the Catholic Church from 1689 to 1691
to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Urban VIII and served as the Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura, and later was the governor of the cities
Pope_Alexander_VIII
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