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Species used as a model for restoration
A reference ecosystem, also known as an ecological reference, is a "community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration." Reference
Reference_ecosystem
Community of living organisms together with the nonliving components of their environment
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment. The biotic and abiotic components are linked
Ecosystem
Topics referred to by the same term
may also reference: Business ecosystem Data ecosystem Developer ecosystem Digital ecosystem Entrepreneurship ecosystem Information ecosystem Knowledge
Ecosystem_(disambiguation)
Ecosystems found in mountains
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall
Montane_ecosystem
Human-created ecological niche
Novel ecosystems are human-built, modified, or engineered niches of the Anthropocene. They exist in places that have been altered in structure and function
Novel_ecosystem
Type of ecosystem
A lake ecosystem or lacustrine ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (non-living) physical and chemical
Lake_ecosystem
Part of Earth's aquatic ecosystems
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems that include the biological communities inhabiting freshwater waterbodies such as lakes
Freshwater_ecosystem
The ecosystem approach is a conceptual framework for resolving ecosystem issues. The idea is to protect and manage the environment through the use of scientific
Ecosystem_approach
Customer who publicly endorses a product
"From Product Platform Ecosystem to Innovation Platform Ecosystem: An Institutional Perspective on the Governance of Ecosystem Transformations". Journal
Reference_customer
Ecological niche
An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat. These organisms can have a large impact on
Ecosystem_engineer
Study of organisms and their environment
Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely related sciences
Ecology
Type of business ecosystem
A startup ecosystem is formed by people in startups in their various stages, and various types of organizations in a location (physical or virtual) that
Startup_ecosystem
Description of the condition of an ecosystem
Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem. Ecosystem condition can vary as a result of fire, flooding, drought, extinctions
Ecosystem_health
Flora and fauna that has not been significantly disturbed
or "ecologically intact." Remnant natural areas are often used as reference ecosystems in ecological restoration projects. A remnant natural area can be
Remnant_natural_area
Diversity and variations in ecosystems
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment
Ecosystem_diversity
Language assessment rubric
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, abbreviated in English as CEFR, CEF, or CEFRL, is a guideline
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages
Wildland-ocean interface
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi)
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Ecosystem decay is a term coined by Thomas Lovejoy to define the process of which species become extinct locally based on habitat fragmentation. This
Ecosystem_decay
Scientific study of renewing and restoring ecosystems
Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed
Ecological_restoration
Ecosystem in the Rocky Mountains
The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) is one of the last remaining large, nearly intact ecosystems in the northern temperate climate zone. It is located
Greater_Yellowstone_Ecosystem
Restoring of wilderness environments
ecological restoration in that rewilding aspires to reduce human influence on ecosystems. It is also distinct from other forms of restoration in that, while it
Rewilding
Process of restoring land to a different state
order to monitor the success of a restoration project, a reference model or reference ecosystem should be selected in order to make comparisons. Along with
Land_restoration
Oxidation of organic compounds within an ecosystem
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. The two main processes that contribute
Ecosystem_respiration
Set of approaches to adapt to climate change
Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) encompasses a broad set of approaches to adapt to climate change. They all involve the management of ecosystems and their
Ecosystem-based_adaptation
Ecological classification framework
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) is an ecological classification framework used in British Columbia to define, describe, and map ecosystem-based units
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification
Biogeoclimatic_ecosystem_classification
The RISC-V ecosystem includes systems that boot with UEFI, handle power management with ACPI and run a variety of operating systems including Linux distributions
RISC-V_ecosystem
Environmental impact assessment
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) is a major assessment of the human impact on the environment, called for by the United Nations Secretary-General
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Millennium_Ecosystem_Assessment
Decentralized social networking protocol
social network, originally developed as a reference implementation for the protocol, as well as an ecosystem of interoperable social applications and services
AT_Protocol
Set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system
nutrient cycle is more often used in direct reference to the idea of an intra-system cycle, where an ecosystem functions as a unit. From a practical point
Nutrient_cycle
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978
Russia
Style of progressive politics coined in 2025
exists between Democrats and Republicans when it comes to the "attentional ecosystem." He argued that Democrats "still believe that the type of attention you
Dark_Woke
Lake in Onondaga County, New York, U.S.
Biocultural restoration raises the bar for environmental quality of the reference ecosystem, so that as we care for the land, it can once again care for us.
Onondaga_Lake
2026 film by Paul George
hunter who kills elephants for their tusks and works within this criminal ecosystem. The music is composed by Ravi Basrur and B. Ajaneesh Loknath. A promo
Kattalan
Category of tropical climate influenced by the ocean
anticyclones during the dry season and tropical waves during the wet season. The ecosystems of the tropical marine climate have to adapt to the dry season. Plants
Tropical_marine_climate
is used as metaphor, viewing the information space as an ecosystem, the information ecosystem. Information ecology also makes a connection to the concept
Information_ecology
Variety and variability of life forms
various levels, for example, genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly
Biodiversity
Set of consumer electronics products
The Galaxy Ecosystem refers to a set of consumer electronics products and cross-device software features developed by Samsung Electronics under the Samsung
Samsung_Galaxy_Ecosystem
Set of physical, social and cultural elements that favor the use of bicycles
A cycling ecosystem refers to the set of associated infrastructures and services, such as cycling networks, parking facilities, shops, repair shops, and
Cycling_ecosystem
Regulation of fishing
are put in place by a system of monitoring control and surveillance. An ecosystem approach to fisheries management has started to become a more relevant
Fisheries_management
Scientific study of life
organization, from molecules and cells to organisms, population, and ecosystems. Subdisciplines include molecular biology, physiology, ecology, evolutionary
Biology
Tar distillation byproduct used as wood preservative
the ecosystem's food chain. Bioaccumulation contributes to the higher concentrations of chemicals within the organisms in the aquatic ecosystems. Creolin
Creosote
2019 Chinese TV series or program
change arrives, leaving the Earth's surface in ruins. Decades later, Mana Ecosystem, a biological network of monstrous, mutated creatures, takes over the
Ling_Cage
Country in northwestern Europe
2 trillion collectively, the UK innovation ecosystem is worth more than the French and German ecosystems combined. "UK tech sector retains #1 spot in
United_Kingdom
Ecosystem valuation is an economic process which assigns a value (either monetary, biophysical, or other) to an ecosystem and/or its ecosystem services
Ecosystem_valuation
Species of squirrel native to North America
where it is considered highly invasive and a threat to both the local ecosystem and the native squirrel, the American red squirrel. Overseas, eastern
Eastern_gray_squirrel
Non-native organism causing damage to an established environment
social, and environmental threats worldwide. Invasion of long-established ecosystems by organisms is a natural phenomenon, but human-facilitated introductions
Invasive_species
National park in Washington, United States
forests of the drier east side. Within the park there are three distinct ecosystems, including subalpine forest and wildflower meadow, temperate forest, and
Olympic_National_Park
Extinct giant shark species
Britten; Michael R. Heithaus; Heike K. Lotze1 (2010). "Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean" (PDF). Ecology Letters. 13
Megalodon
Microcosms are artificial, simplified ecosystems that are used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. Open
Microcosm (experimental ecosystem)
Microcosm_(experimental_ecosystem)
Semi-autonomous region of Tanzania
passengers per year. Zanzibar's marine ecosystem plays a vital role in its fishing and algacultural industries; these ecosystems act as nurseries for Indian Ocean
Zanzibar
Attributes of ecosystems which signify their health
information about ecosystems and the impact human activity has on ecosystems to groups such as the public or government policy makers. Ecosystems are complex
Ecological_indicator
The Ecosystems Mission Area (EMA) is one of six mission areas of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EMA provides independent biological, ecological
Ecosystems_Mission_Area
Organization
Research, formerly known as the Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic
Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research
Cooperative_Institute_for_Great_Lakes_Research
Country in Southern Africa
native plants in grasslands poses a threat to biodiversity and related ecosystem services, affecting over 7 million hectares. The original temperate forest
South_Africa
General-purpose programming language
other current Python versions. As another example in the larger Python ecosystem, PyPy does not support the full C Python API. Creating an executable with
Python_(programming_language)
American multinational technology company
models highlight its broader commitment to open-source software and the AI ecosystem.[2] Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for
Nvidia
Canyon in Tibet, China
94.96722°E / 29.81333; 94.96722 (Gyala Peri). The gorge has a unique ecosystem with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human
Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon
Indonesian tobacco company
Salim, Aditya (19 December 2022). "Djarum Group strengthens digital ecosystem with Tiket.com". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 October
Djarum
Soccer tournament in North America
esports ecosystem". FIFA. May 28, 2026. Retrieved May 29, 2026. Hicks, Jon (May 28, 2026). "FIFA announces new "Digital Football" vision, an ecosystem of games
2026_FIFA_World_Cup
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
microservices has a larger number of interface points to access its respective ecosystem, which increases the architectural complexity. Various organizing principles
Microservices
Volcano in Hawaii, United States
Ancient Hawaiians arrived to the island bringing various changes to the ecosystem. Hunting resulted in the extinction of some bird species, but the Ancient
Mauna_Loa
American mountain range along North Carolina/Tennessee state line
hardwood forests in the range's lower elevations are among the most diverse ecosystems in North America, and the Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest that
Great_Smoky_Mountains
Third planet from the Sun
recycling of organic waste. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends on dissolved nutrients washed
Earth
Swiss-based international organization
development. Commission on Ecosystem Management (CEM): integrated ecosystem approaches to the management of natural and modified ecosystems. Species Survival Commission
International Union for Conservation of Nature
International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature
Material world and its phenomena
J. (2009). "Ontogeny of Lake Ecosystems". In Likens, Gene E. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. Gale virtual reference library. Vol. 1. Academic Press
Nature
Habitat defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub
Extreme heat caused by a stationary high-pressure system
Heat domes increase the thermal stress of organisms living in intertidal ecosystems, a factor that has previously led to the deaths of marine species during
Heat_dome
Video editing software by Apple
custom-built effects from Apple Motion. This has led to a third-party ecosystem of developers building effects from simple color corrections to complex
Final_Cut_Pro
Country in Southeast Asia
been surveyed in some habitats (decaying wood, marine, and freshwater ecosystems, as parasites of some plants, and as agents of biodegradation), but have
Malaysia
Island country in South Asia
Maldives have different habitats including deep sea, shallow coast, and reef ecosystems, fringing mangroves, wetlands, and dry land. 187 species of coral form
Maldives
Benchmark for assessing national REDD+ forest-sector emissions and removals
Forest reference emission levels (FRELs) and related forest reference levels (FRLs) are benchmarks used under the United Nations Framework Convention on
Forest reference emission level
Forest_reference_emission_level
National airline of Saudi Arabia
PIF, Riyadh Air, established by. "Riyadh Air Joins the Global Aviation Ecosystem With Unique Airline Code "RX"". Riyadh Air. Retrieved 11 October 2024
Riyadh_Air
Ecosystem classification system
Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service
Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems
Forest-Range_Environmental_Study_Ecosystems
Life that does not originate on Earth
lack an atmosphere. However, there are many extreme and chemically harsh ecosystems on Earth that do support forms of life and are often hypothesized to be
Extraterrestrial_life
Major river in Northern South America
failed as the settlers were unequipped to live in the delicate rainforest ecosystem. This, although the government believed it could sustain millions, instead
Amazon_River
General-purpose programming language
reference-counted pointers that point at each other (a reference cycle) or can be deliberately created through calling Box::leak. The Rust ecosystem includes
Rust_(programming_language)
Continent
extreme weather such as heat waves, bringing health risks and effects on ecosystems. European countries are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions
Europe
General-purpose programming language
interoperates well with other high-level code. C has a mature and broad ecosystem, including libraries, frameworks, open source compilers, debuggers and
C_(programming_language)
Chairman of Union Public Service Commission
service, he has engaged with academia, policy think-tanks, and startup ecosystems.[citation needed] Ajay Kumar was born in Jalandhar, Punjab. He earned
Ajay_Kumar_(civil_servant)
Country in South America
the most biodiverse countries in the world hosting one of the greatest ecosystem varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the
Argentina
Meat hunted in tropical forests
practices pose risks not only to human health but also to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Integrated approaches to addressing bushmeat-related risks
Bushmeat
Family of instruction set architectures
Architecture x86 Ecosystem Advisory Group, a joint group between AMD and Intel Why Intel can't seem to retire the x86 32/64-bit x86 Instruction Reference Intel Intrinsics
X86
River delta in Europe
different ecosystem called beforedelta. Musura Gulf, north of Sulina, and Saint George Gulf are considered the most representative of this type of ecosystem. Situated
Danube_Delta
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
animals and microbes that feed on mud for years to come. For the deep-sea ecosystem, the death of a whale is the most important event. A dead whale can bring
Deep-sea_community
JavaScript developer toolkit
code Rewrites and minifies what is left It also checks syntax, variable references, and types and warns about common JavaScript pitfalls. It supports transpiling
Google_Closure_Tools
Indian rugs manufacturer
and has showrooms in Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore.[citation needed] The ecosystem of Jaipur Rugs comprises three branches that work with their network of
Jaipur_Rugs
Family of carnivoran mammals
low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components of most African ecosystems. Although phylogenetically closer to felines and viverrids, hyenas are
Hyena
Literal consumption of an ecosystem
nanorobots consume entire ecosystems, resulting in global ecophagy. However, the word "ecophagy" is now applied more generally in reference to any event[dubious
Ecophagy
Internet ecosystem layer that addresses bottlenecks
streaming media, and social media services. CDNs are a layer in the internet ecosystem. Content owners such as media companies and e-commerce vendors pay CDN
Content_delivery_network
Country in northern Europe
waters (excluding bacteria and viruses). The Norwegian Shelf large marine ecosystem is considered highly productive. The total number of species include 16
Norway
Method used for display options on video text terminals
About Special Characters". 12 January 2023. "Windows Console and Terminal Ecosystem Roadmap". Microsoft. 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021. this includes retiring
ANSI_escape_code
Study of interactions between the biota and environment in forests
funga, and ecosystems in forests. The management of forests is known as forestry, silviculture, and forest management. A forest ecosystem is a natural
Forest_ecology
Indian national identification number
included assessments of both the Enrolment and Update Ecosystems as well as the Authentication Ecosystems for the period 2014–15 to 2018–19. The press release
Aadhaar
Lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
2024 August 2024 The Aral Sea is considered an example of ecosystem collapse. The ecosystems of the Aral Sea and the river deltas feeding into it have
Aral_Sea
Chinese financial services company
wealth management through platforms including Alipay and MYbank. The ecosystem supporting a wide range of activities from daily transactions to more
Ant_Group
Country in Southeast Asia
terrestrial ecosystems including tropical and subtropical vegetation, seasonally inundated wetlands, shoreline and tidal systems, and alpine ecosystems. Myanmar
Myanmar
Geographical region in Tanzania
wildebeest are on the short grass plains of the southeast part of the ecosystem, grazing and giving birth to approximately 500,000 calves in 2 to 3 weeks
Serengeti
Atmospheric measurement technique
applications, etc.) to determine exchange rates of trace gases over natural ecosystems and agricultural fields, and to quantify gas emissions rates from other
Eddy_covariance
National park in Gabon
Because of global climate change, the dense forest ecosystem is expanding into the savanna ecosystem in the north, leading to the loss of habitat diversity
Lopé_National_Park
European legislative proposal
establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe's semiconductor ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/694) was published in the Official Journal
European_Chips_Act
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Worship; Praise; Reverence
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Ascension.
Girl/Female
Indian
Inference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Inference
Girl/Female
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Reverence, Sanctity
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
First Preference
Girl/Female
Tamil
Worship, Praise, Reverence
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Reverence; Esteem
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
Boy/Male
Arabic, German, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
The Biblical Noah is the English Language Equivalent; A Prophet's Name
Girl/Female
Indian
Facility
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse female personal name Iðunn(r), probably composed of the elements ið- ‘again’, ‘anew’ + unna ‘to love’. The name is often recorded in the Latin form Idonea, as a result of folk etymological association with the feminine form of Latin idoneus ‘suitable’.
Female
Scandinavian
 Contracted form of Scandinavian Adelina, ALINA means "noble." Compare with other forms of Alina.
Girl/Female
American, Christian, English, French, Greek, Indian
Cherry
Boy/Male
Muslim
Praising
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of wooden furniture, Anglo-Norman French joignour (Old French joigneor, from joinre ‘to join’, ‘to connect’, Latin iungere).
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi
Faith
Girl/Female
Biblical
Mourning of thorns.
Boy/Male
Indian
Praise of Allah
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
REFERENCE ECOSYSTEM
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
n.
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
v.
Personal reference or application.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
Relation; regard; respect.
n.
Appeal.
v.
Relation; reference; regard.
v. t.
Respect; relation; reference.
n.
Reference; respect; regard.
n.
One who, or that which, is referred to.
n.
One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
n.
One who regards with reverence.
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
n.
The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.