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Maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance in the US
A reference dose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance, "below which no adverse
Reference_dose
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. At extremely low doses, biological responses
Threshold_dose
Measured quantity of a medicine, nutrient, or pathogen which is delivered as a unit
A dose is the quantity of a medication, nutrient, or pathogen to be given at one time, or the total quantity of a medication administered during a specified
Dose_(biochemistry)
Chemical compound
tumors. An acute and chronic reference dose (RfD) for bifenthrin has been established, based on animal studies. The reference dose resembles the estimated
Bifenthrin
Ion, and compounds containing the ion
perchlorate reference dose is conservative and protective of human health further reducing perchlorate exposure below the reference dose does not effectively
Perchlorate
General term for feeding small quantities of chemicals or medicines
Dosing generally applies to feeding chemicals or medicines when used in small quantities. For medicines the term dose is generally used. In the case of
Dosing
Measure of organism response to stimulus
exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. Dose–response relationships can be described by dose–response
Dose–response_relationship
Measure of a substance in food or water
Banana Equivalent Dose Dietary Reference Intake Food labeling regulations International Programme on Chemical Safety Reference dose WHO (1987). "Principles
Acceptable_daily_intake
Phenomenon involving innocuous events
cannabis, especially in sensitive individuals or high doses. These experiences are part of temporary, dose-related psychotic symptoms like paranoia, delusions
Ideas and delusions of reference
Ideas_and_delusions_of_reference
Absorbed dose of ionizing radiation weighted with the quality factor
Equivalent dose (symbol H) is a dose quantity representing the stochastic health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body which represents
Equivalent_dose
Academic journal
However, the study was found to have a math error in calculating the reference dose for a 60 kg adult, which made the abundance of BDE-209, a toxic flame
Chemosphere_(journal)
Drug with two or more active ingredients
specific subsets exist based on the number and type of ingredients: Fixed-dose combination (FDC): A mass-produced, standardized prescription or over-the-counter
Combination_drug
Topics referred to by the same term
personal area networks standard IEEE 802.15.4 Reference dose, the US EPA's maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance Request for Discussion, similar
RFD
23 January 2021. "Appendix A, Table 1. Antiretrovirals Available in Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets". ClinicalInfo. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16
List of antiretroviral fixed-dose combinations
List_of_antiretroviral_fixed-dose_combinations
Type of dosa from Karnataka, India
Benne dose (Kannada: beṇṇe dhōse), also known as butter dosa, is a South Indian rice crêpe dish originating in the city of Davanagere, Karnataka, India
Benne_dose
Probability of ill health effects from ionizing radiation
Effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. It is the tissue-weighted
Effective_dose_(radiation)
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
syndrome occurring at doses that exceed 50 Gy. The cells that are most affected are generally those that are rapidly dividing. At high doses, this causes DNA
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Swedish diver
Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2020. Oscar Dose at Sveriges Olympiska
Oscar_Dose
Reference model for measuring drug combination effects
additivity (or dose additivity) is one of several common reference models used for measuring the effects of drug combinations. Let d1 and d2 be doses of compounds
Loewe_additivity
Medical condition
life-threatening but is considered by most to be cosmetically undesirable. The reference dose, published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1991
Argyria
Mexican actor (born 1985)
Manuel Alfonso Castro Dosal (born March 13, 1985), known professionally as Alfonso Dosal, is a Mexican actor. Dosal was born in Mexico City on March 13
Alfonso_Dosal
Derived SI unit of equivalent dose of ionizing radiation
as equivalent dose and effective dose, which represent the risk of external radiation from sources outside the body, and committed dose, which represents
Sievert
Dosimetry Absorbed dose Total effective dose equivalent Collective dose Cumulative dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent 10 CFR
Deep-dose_equivalent
Measurement of absorbed ionizing radiation
is the measurement, calculation and assessment of the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by an object, usually the human body. This applies both internally
Dosimetry
Dose dependant harmfulness of substances
the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic
Toxicity
Type of food allergy caused by peanuts
review identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as ED01. This threshold reference dose for foods (such as cow's milk
Peanut_allergy
Chemical compound
palytoxin. An acute oral reference dose has been suggested to be 64 μg for a person with weight of 60 kg. Acute reference dose means a dose that can be safely
Palytoxin
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
LD50 for humans is estimated to be 56.2 grams of pure methanol. The reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg in a day. Toxic effects begin hours after
Methanol
Measure of radiation health risk
The committed dose in radiological protection is a measure of the stochastic health risk due to an intake of radioactive material into the human body.
Committed_dose
Type of food allergy caused by eggs
review identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as ED01. This threshold reference dose for foods such as cow's milk
Egg_allergy
Potential hazard from consuming fish
American, Asian, Pacific Islander, or multiracial exceed the recommended reference dose of mercury. A study done on children of the Faroe Islands in the North
Mercury_in_fish
Amount of drug given to keep previously established blood level
maintenance dose is the maintenance rate [mg/h] of drug administration equal to the rate of elimination at steady state. This is not to be confused with dose regimen
Maintenance_dose
Substance used to control pests
cholinesterase activity to a reference dose to determine health risk associated with exposure. Another challenge in deriving a reference dose is identifying health
Pesticide
Chemical compound
prothioconazole amounts to 0.01 mg/kg body weight per day, whereas the acute reference dose (ARfD) was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg bw per day. Experiments were
Prothioconazole
Medical condition (poisoning)
in the case of tainted drinks), increasing the doses required for symptoms and death. The reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day. Methanol is not
Methanol_toxicity
Species of fish
60 x 0.1 = 6 micrograms of mercury per day without exceeding the EPA reference dose. If each gram of fish contains 0.2 micrograms of mercury, our average
Orange_roughy
Measurement of lethal dose of substance
lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given
Median_lethal_dose
One of the lightest perfluoro compounds
from 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day down to 0.014. It also set the acute reference dose (ARfD) to 0.07 mg/kg body weight. These reductions were based on an
Trifluoroacetic_acid
Chemical element with atomic number 23 (V)
however, insufficient to derive a subchronic or chronic inhalation reference dose. Other effects have been reported after oral or inhalation exposures
Vanadium
breaks down into acetic acid, which is non-toxic in small amounts. Reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day. Toxic effects take hours to start, and
List of methanol poisoning incidents
List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, chemical compound
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established an oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.7 pg/kg b.w. per day for TCDD (see discussion on the differences
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Contents: A–L (previous page) M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References Mary MacPherran (portrayed by Jameela Jamil), also known as Titania, is
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: M–Z
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_M–Z
Toxic mercury cation
R; Mahaffey, K (2003). "Methods and rationale for derivation of a reference dose for methylmercury by the U.S. EPA". Risk Analysis. 23 (1): 107–115.
Methylmercury
Medical imaging procedure
X-ray has a similar dose as a head CT. Articles in the media often exaggerate the relative dose of CT by comparing the lowest-dose X-ray techniques (chest
CT_scan
2016 Indian film
Neer Dose is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language black comedy film produced by T. Goswami and Shashikala Balaji, written and directed by Vijaya Prasad. It stars
Neer_Dose
Herbicide
2 mg/L in rats." The maximum contaminant level is 0.003 mg/L and the reference dose is 0.035 mg/kg/day. In 2025, IARC updated the classification of atrazine
Atrazine
Off-label, experimental use of the drug
Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) refers to daily naltrexone dosages that are roughly one-tenth or less of the standard opioid addiction treatment dosage. Most
Low-dose_naltrexone
Hypersensitivity to nuts and seeds from trees
review identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as ED01. This threshold reference dose for foods (such as cow's milk
Tree_nut_allergy
Harmful high-frequency radiation
and organ damage. In high acute doses, it will result in radiation burns and radiation sickness, and lower level doses over a protracted time can cause
Ionizing_radiation
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems
Agency set[when?] a reference dose for BPA at 50 μg/kg/day for mammals, although exposure to doses lower than the reference dose has been shown to affect
Endocrine_disruptor
Kinetic energy released by ionizing radiation from uncharged particles per unit mass
the reference photon radiation fields and reference instruments. Radiation protection monitoring instruments should be calibrated in terms of dose equivalent
Kerma_(physics)
Environmental Research has argued in 2009, that reference man in radiation dose calculations underestimates dose to children in a large number of situations
Standard_person
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the
Cumulative_dose
Measure of ionization of air by ionizing radiation
gray (Gy, International or SI unit). The reference for this sentence has a table that gives the exposure to dose conversion for these four materials. The
Radiation_exposure
(e.g., through gills or the skin). No-observed-adverse-effect level Reference dose "IUPAC glossary of terms used in toxicology - terms starting with L"
Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level
Lowest-observed-adverse-effect_level
Chemical compound as a fungicide
pending legal proceedings. The acceptable daily intake is 0.05, the acute reference dose is 0.6, and the acceptable operator exposure Level is 0.035 milligrams
Mancozeb
Measurement of exposure to thermal radiation
A Thermal dose unit (TDU) is a unit of measurement used in the oil and gas industry to measure exposure to thermal radiation. It is a function of intensity
Thermal_dose_unit
Medical techniques to separate one or more components of blood
marketplace "Mean DEHP doses for both plateletpheresis techniques (18.1 and 32.3 μg/kg/day) were close to or exceeded the reference dose (RfD) of the US EPA
Apheresis
Characteristic of biological processes
Hormesis is a two-phased dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to
Hormesis
point of validating a reference dose-effect model. The only certainty gained is that the process is very complex, the resulting dose-effect response being
Health_effects_of_radon
2011 single by YC and Future
Flocka Flame, B.o.B, Yo Gotti, Wale, Big Sean, Cory Gunz, Twista, Bun B, Dose, Cory Mo, Nelly, CyHi the Prynce, Trae and Ace Hood. The music video for
Racks_(song)
Anti-inflammatory medication
Bayer Buffered Aspirin (aspirin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original
Aspirin
Pharmacological measurement
absorption is dosed appropriately, the bottom value of the deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed
Bioavailability
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
Adderall is the brand name of a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy
Adderall
Form of execution involving injection of chemicals into the bloodstream
induced within 30–45 seconds at the typical dose, and 10 seconds with a higher dose. A full medical dose of thiopental reaches the brain in about 30 seconds
Lethal_injection
Type of lectin
produced in the seeds of the castor plant, Ricinus communis. The median lethal dose (LD50) of ricin for mice is around 22 micrograms per kilogram of body mass
Ricin
Adverse immune reaction to cow's milk
identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as 0.01 mg for cow's milk. This threshold reference dose (and similar results
Milk_allergy
Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients
with a mixture of sugar and water. If the patient is conscious, the initial dose of sugar and water can be given by mouth. Otherwise, they should receive
Malnutrition
Central nervous system stimulant
therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis, which rarely occurs at therapeutic doses even during long-term use. Recreational doses are generally
Amphetamine
Chemical compound
influence of PFDA on humans, most studies are done on animals. The human Reference Dose of PFDA can be calculated from mouse studies. In order to do that the
Perfluorodecanoic_acid
Histogram in radiation therapy planning
A dose-volume histogram (DVH) is a histogram relating radiation dose to tissue volume in radiation therapy planning. DVHs are most commonly used as a plan
Dose-volume_histogram
Health problem caused by frequent doses of ionizing radiation
syndrome develops with a speed and severity proportional to the radiation dose received (i.e., it is a deterministic effect of exposure to ionizing radiation)
Chronic_radiation_syndrome
health standard such as the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the acute reference dose. Dietary exposure assessments in the US involve the evaluation of dietary
Dietary exposure assessments in the United States
Dietary_exposure_assessments_in_the_United_States
Penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation
process works well after high-dose exposure but is much slower in the case of a low-dose exposure. Studies have shown low-dose gamma radiation may be enough
Gamma_ray
Drug experimentation technique
Microdosing, or micro-dosing, involves the administration of sub-therapeutic doses of drugs to study their effects in humans, aiming to gather preliminary
Microdosing
Chemical compound
for a 70 kg adult, this equals about 3.5 milligrams daily). The acute reference dose (ARfD) – the safe amount someone can consume in one day – was set at
Forchlorfenuron
Chemical compound
Effect Level." From there, the EPA describes methods to determine a reference dose (RfD), the upper limit of the substance that can be consumed daily for
Antimycin_A
2003 British film
LD 50 Lethal Dose is a 2003 horror film directed by Simon De Selva, produced by Alistair MacLean-Clark and Basil Stephens and written by Matthew McGuchan
LD_50_Lethal_Dose
Group of elements in the periodic table
however, insufficient to derive a subchronic or chronic inhalation reference dose. Other effects have been reported after oral or inhalation exposures
Group_5_element
American non-profit entity
fish that can be eaten before getting an unsafe dose of mercury, calculated as ten times the reference dose recommended by the EPA. CCF has also claimed
Center for Organizational Research and Education
Center_for_Organizational_Research_and_Education
Benzodiazepine medication
tolerance may occur, especially after long-term use, where increasingly larger doses are required to achieve the same effect. Its use is highly liable to physical
Lorazepam
Drugs used to achieve relief from pain
Bayer Buffered Aspirin (aspirin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original
Analgesic
that dose on the body; this is known as the equivalent dose and is shown in Sv. The general relationship between absorbed dose and equivalent dose can
List_of_conversion_factors
Gas-filled radiation detector
that the dose delivered from a therapy unit or radiopharmaceutical is what is intended. The devices used for radiotherapy are called "reference dosimeters"
Ionization_chamber
Chemical compound
diquat (as its ion) is 0-0.006 mg/kg bodyweight per day, with an acute reference dose of 0.8 mg/kg bodyweight. The Codex Alimentarius database maintained
Diquat
Chemical compound
obstruction. The 3 g dose also improved peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) indicating improved breathing. The study also evaluated an acute 12 g dose and found significant
Methylsulfonylmethane
Broad-spectrum herbicide
European Food Safety Authority has set an ADI of 0.021 mg/kg. The acute reference dose for child-bearing women is 0.021 mg/kg. Glufosinate is a US EPA-registered
Glufosinate
Chemical compound
acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.027 mg/kg body bw/ day and an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day, by applying a safety factor of 100 to the
Prothiofos
Legal restrictions of fireworks in China
the United States Environmental Protection Agency determined a safe reference dose for perchlorate of up to 0.0007 mg kg per day. However, since a large
Fireworks_policy_in_China
Risk assessment ratio in toxicology
The MOE is calculated as the ratio between a toxicological reference point derived from a dose-response relationship and the estimated human exposure to
Margin_of_exposure
1987 radioactive contamination incident in Brazil
is 30 years. The dose rate at one meter from the source was 4.56 grays (456 rad) per hour – enough to receive the median lethal dose of 4 Gy (400 rad)
Goiânia_accident
Anticoagulant medication
of Chest Physicians, have been distilled to help manage dose adjustments. The maintenance dose of warfarin can fluctuate significantly depending on the
Warfarin
Antihistamine drug
hypogonadism with doses significantly above that of the human therapeutic range.[better source needed] In humans, a significant dose has not yet been established
Hydroxyzine
Hypersensitivity reaction to a food
review identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as the threshold reference dose for certain foods (such as cow's
Food_allergy
Atypical antipsychotic medication
Doses of quetiapine used for insomnia have ranged from 12.5 to 800 mg, with low doses of 25 to 200 mg being the most typical. Regardless of the dose used
Quetiapine
Set of accepted specifications
‘dose-ranging’; lowering doses while extending exposure period. The in vitro effects of a chemical are quickly discovered using a wide range of doses,
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals
OECD_Guidelines_for_the_Testing_of_Chemicals
Sedating antidepressant
December 2013. "Silenor (doxepin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 3 December 2013
Doxepin
Short-acting barbiturate
has been largely replaced by the benzodiazepine family of drugs. In high doses, pentobarbital causes death by respiratory arrest. It is frequently used
Pentobarbital
Chemical compound
Retrieved 2016-04-13. ...it was not necessary to establish an acute reference dose because of the low acute toxicity of pyriproxyfen. "Toxicological evaluations"
Pyriproxyfen
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
defect regions leads to a loss of dose window at a certain post-etch defect level between the low-dose and high-dose patterning cliffs. Hence, the resolution
EUV_lithography
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