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mathematics, more specifically in chromatic homotopy theory, the redshift conjecture states, roughly, that algebraic K-theory K ( R ) {\displaystyle K(R)}
Redshift_conjecture
Israeli mathematician (born 1982)
algebraically closed fields. This work resolved the Ausoni—Rognes redshift conjecture for E ∞ {\displaystyle E_{\infty }} -ring spectra and also produced
Tomer_Schlank
Branch of mathematics
spheres using chromatic homotopy theory. Elliptic cohomology Redshift conjecture Ravenel conjectures Moduli stack of formal group laws Chromatic spectral sequence
Chromatic_homotopy_theory
Subject area in mathematics
K-theory K-theory of a category K-group of a field K-theory spectrum Redshift conjecture Topological K-theory Rigidity (K-theory) Weibel 1999 Grothendieck
Algebraic_K-theory
An alternative to the most commonly used distance measurements for high redshift objects is to calculate their ages in relation to the Big Bang. For comparisons
List of the most distant astronomical objects
List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects
Minority interpretation of quantum mechanics
The Calogero conjecture is a minority interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is a quantization explanation involving quantum mechanics, originally stipulated
Calogero_conjecture
German astronomer and mathematician (1571–1630)
mentioned Kepler's discoveries in his work. He postulated the Kepler conjecture. Kepler influenced among others Isaac Newton, providing one of the foundations
Johannes_Kepler
which the star resides, or redshift measurement. Spectroscopic redshift measurement is preferred, while photometric redshift measurement is also used to
List_of_most_distant_stars
Black holes are characterized only by mass, charge, and spin
mathematicians refer to it as the no-hair conjecture. Even in the case of gravity alone (i.e., zero electric fields), the conjecture has only been partially resolved
No-hair_theorem
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
be used to accurately measure distances. Comparing this distance to the redshift (which measures the speed at which the supernova is receding) shows that
Dark_energy
British mathematician (1943–2024)
collaborated with Robert MacKay, also of Warwick University, with papers on redshift, gamma-ray bursts and natural observer fields. He proposed a new paradigm
Colin_P._Rourke
Compact astronomical body
mass have a common cause. Using the principle, Einstein predicted the redshift and the lensing effect of gravity on light; his prediction of gravitational
Black_hole
Physical theory of the cosmos
of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, the redshift of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe. The observed
Big_Bang
Astronomical object with two images
two images. The Twin Quasar lies at redshift z = 1.41 (8.7 billion ly), while the lensing galaxy lies at redshift z = 0.355 (3.7 billion ly). The lensing
Twin_Quasar
Cosmological phenomenon
them. The distance can then be compared to the supernovae's cosmological redshift, which measures how much the universe has expanded since the supernova
Accelerating expansion of the universe
Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
World line of a particle in spacetime which returns to its starting point
replace GR, an idea which Stephen Hawking labeled the chronology protection conjecture. Others note that if every closed timelike curve in a given spacetime
Closed_timelike_curve
Hypothetical FTL transportation by warping space
brings up the chronology protection conjecture and writes: "The conjecture has not been proven (it wouldn't be a conjecture if it had), but there are good
Alcubierre_drive
Chinese-American mathematician (born 1949)
recognition of his contributions to partial differential equations, the Calabi conjecture, the positive energy theorem, and the Monge–Ampère equation. Yau is considered
Shing-Tung_Yau
General relativity model near spacetime singularities
smaller). This was confirmed by Edwin Hubble who established the Hubble redshift of receding galaxies. The present consensus is that the isotropic model
BKL_singularity
Key result in general relativity
Richard; Yau, Shing-Tung (1979). "On the proof of the positive mass conjecture in general relativity". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 65 (1):
Positive_energy_theorem
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
discovered in 2005, in two large galaxy redshift surveys, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Combining the CMB observations
Dark_matter
Astronomical object discovered in 2006
team was not able to determine the distance to the object using standard redshift techniques; it is not even known whether the object is within or outside
SCP_06F6
books Marc Davis (1947–) was lead astronomer of a survey of 50,000 high-redshift galaxies Avishai Dekel (1951–) studied galaxy formation and large scale
List_of_cosmologists
Phenomenon within general relativity
outside the horizon, and the apparent inner horizon, a region of infinite redshift for observers inside the horizon, would effectively "cancel out" and no
Mass_inflation
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, the gravitational redshift of light, the Shapiro time delay, singularities and black holes. So far
General_relativity
System of stars and interstellar matter
emission evidence for Population III stars in the Cosmos Redshift 7 galaxy, with a redshift value of 6.60. Subsequent observations found metallic emission
Galaxy
Concept of absolute rotation
particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Albert Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often
Mach's_principle
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
these constraints alone Einstein was able to predict the gravitational redshift. Theories of gravity that obey the Einstein equivalence principle must
Equivalence_principle
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
1992, Hawking conjectured that travel into the past is effectively impossible. On 28 June 2009, as a tongue-in-cheek test of the conjecture, he held a party
Stephen_Hawking
Vast void adjacent to the Local Group
December 2014. Nakanishi, Kouichiro; et al. (1 October 1997). "Search and Redshift Survey for IRAS Galaxies behind the Milky Way and Structure of the Local
Local_Void
Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light
coordinate effect. There are many galaxies visible in telescopes with redshift numbers of 1.4 or higher. All of these have cosmological recession speeds
Faster-than-light
Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe
Hogg, David W. (August 2009). "The Kinematic Origin of the Cosmological Redshift". American Journal of Physics. 77 (8): 688–694. arXiv:0808.1081. Bibcode:2009AmJPh
Big_Crunch
hypothesis chronology protection conjecture Einstein–Cartan theory Einstein's field equation geodesic gravitational redshift Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
List of mathematical topics in relativity
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_relativity
Theory of subatomic structure
between different versions of string theory, and this has led to the conjecture that all consistent versions of string theory are subsumed in a single
String_theory
mass), Jacob Bekenstein (black hole entropy), Vladimir A. Belinsky (BKL conjecture, inverse scattering transform solution generating methods), Peter G. Bergmann
List of contributors to general relativity
List_of_contributors_to_general_relativity
Field. 2022 – JWST detects CEERS-93316, a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 16.7, corresponding to 235.8 million
Timeline of knowledge about galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large-scale structure
Timeline_of_knowledge_about_galaxies,_clusters_of_galaxies,_and_large-scale_structure
Canadian-American astrophysicist and cosmologist (born 1935)
University Press. Davis, M.; Peebles, P.J.E. (1983). "A survey of galaxy redshifts. V – The two-point position and velocity correlations". Astrophys. J.
Jim_Peebles
based on elegance/simplicity, and numerically/experimentally verified conjectures qualify (as otherwise no scientific discovery before the late 19th century
Timeline of scientific discoveries
Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries
Value representing energy density of space
theory, before it was demonstrated in observation of the cosmological redshift—as his "biggest blunder" (according to George Gamow). It transpired that
Cosmological_constant
American physicist, writer, and Nobel Laureate (born 1940)
all directions. To express this realization, Thorne proposed his hoop conjecture, which describes an imploding star turning into a black hole when the
Kip_Thorne
2023 monster film by Takashi Yamazaki
including the insertion of polygons and rendering displacement maps using Redshift. Then, the team retopologized the maquette design and finalized the displacement
Godzilla_Minus_One
Possible fate of the universe
run down as work is converted to heat because of the second law. The conjecture that all bodies in the universe cool off, eventually becoming too cold
Heat_death_of_the_universe
French mathematician, physicist and engineer (1854–1912)
far-reaching consequences. Early in the 20th century he formulated the Poincaré conjecture, which became, over time, one of the famous unsolved problems in mathematics
Henri_Poincaré
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
was put forth by Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind in their ER = EPR conjecture. The quantum foam hypothesis is sometimes used to suggest that tiny wormholes
Wormhole
Measure of a civilization's evolution
source remains that meets the criteria. These positive sources show a low redshift (so they are old, about 100 million years), which is consistent with possible
Kardashev_scale
Hypothetical group of multiple universes
Retrieved 12 September 2014. Ellis, George (2012). "The Multiverse: Conjecture, Proof, and Science" (PDF). Slides for a talk at Nicolai Fest Golm 2012
Multiverse
inertial mass and uses it to predict gravitational lensing and gravitational redshift, historically known as the Einstein shift. 1907-8 – Hermann Minkowski introduces
Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity
Timeline_of_gravitational_physics_and_relativity
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
John Flamsteed cataloged it as 33 Andromedae. Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured in 1745 that the blurry spot was an island universe. Charles Messier
Andromeda_Galaxy
Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
March 2021). "A new era of fine structure constant measurements at high redshift". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 500: 1–21. arXiv:2008
Fine-structure_constant
English mathematician, mathematical physicist (born 1931)
the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz conjecture and issues of nonlinear stability, settling the censorship conjectures is one of the most important outstanding
Roger_Penrose
Aspect of relativity in physics
such as cosmic expansion. Redshifting of gravitational waves is different from redshifting due to gravity (gravitational redshift). In the framework of quantum
Gravitational_wave
Proposed theories of gravity
they predict zero gravitational redshift when the wave version of light (Maxwell theory) is used, and nonzero redshift when the particle version (photon)
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Italian physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)
own on the nature of comets, although they did present some tentative conjectures that are now known to be mistaken. (The correct approach to the study
Galileo_Galilei
Family of linear transformations
Morley was repeated with better accuracy, leading George FitzGerald to conjecture that bodies in motion through aether are being contracted. In 1892, Lorentz
Lorentz_transformation
Branch of differential geometry
Perelman in 1994 gave an astonishingly elegant/short proof of the Soul Conjecture: M is diffeomorphic to Rn if it has positive curvature at only one point
Riemannian_geometry
Voice command device from Amazon
a user who did not intend for this to happen. Amazon apologized and conjectured that one part of the conversation had been misinterpreted as a command
Amazon_Echo
List of largest planets by size
Xiaodian; Liu, Jifeng (2025). "Three Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as High-Redshift Galaxies in JWST Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 980 (2): 230
List_of_largest_exoplanets
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
; Ziegler, D.; Zins, G. (1 July 2018). "Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole"
Galactic_Center
Theory of rapid universe expansion
wavenumber k goes as k3. This is known as a "red" spectrum, in analogy to redshift, because the spectrum has more power at longer wavelengths. Technically
Cosmic_inflation
German mathematician (1885–1955)
topic several times, considered elasticity system and formulated the Weyl conjecture. These works started an important domain—asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues—of
Hermann_Weyl
Way and his galactic red shift discovery that the loss in frequency—the redshift — observed in the spectra of light from other galaxies increased in proportion
List_of_agnostics
English natural philosopher and clergyman (1724–1793)
geological essay, written after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, was entitled "Conjectures concerning the Cause and Observations upon the Phaenomena of Earthquakes"
John_Michell
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
– made obsolete by discovery of the structure of the Milky Way and the redshift of most galaxies. Heliocentrism only applies to the selected Solar System
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
Mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543)
of those earlier astronomers. However, no likely candidate for this conjectured work has yet come to light, and other scholars have argued that Copernicus
Nicolaus_Copernicus
Online file archival and backup service
ran on Spectra T-Finity tape libraries with LTO-6 tapes. Others have conjectured Amazon uses off-line shingled magnetic recording hard drives, multi-layer
Amazon_S3_Glacier
Astronomical high energy transient pulse
observed by Fermi-LAT. On 4 May 2024, astronomers reported a redshift (ie, "a common redshift of z=0.1300+/-0002") for the FRB host galaxy, possibly a dwarf
Fast_radio_burst
Description of gravity using discrete values
epoch Planck units Swampland (physics) Virtual black hole Weak Gravity Conjecture Quantum effects in the early universe might have an observable effect
Quantum_gravity
Einstein field equation solution
two dimensional cylindrical geometry of Melvin's metric fails the hoop conjecture: the magnetic field line repulsion cannot be overcome by gravitational
Melvin_metric
Facet of general relativity
relativity and are central to problems such as the formulation of the hoop conjecture, the proof of the Penrose inequality, and the development of quasi-local
Mass_in_general_relativity
Xiaodian; Liu, Jifeng (2025). "Three Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as High-Redshift Galaxies in JWST Observations". The Astrophysical Journal. 980 (2): 230
List_of_exoplanet_extremes
Galaxy in the constellations Cepheus & Cygnus
was once thought to be a young supergiant cluster, but in 2017 it was conjectured to be an interacting dwarf galaxy superimposed on NGC 6946. Ten supernovae
NGC_6946
Figure in Germanic mythology
same name and developed independently. Although some scholars have also conjectured that he may constitute a saga-figure derived from the myth, they acknowledge
Aurvandill
known galaxy, which existed only 290 million years after the Big Bang. Its redshift of 14.32 exceeds the previous record of 13.2, set by JADES-GS-z13-0. 31
2024_in_science
Conjectured dark matter in cosmology
with the luminosity distance relation obtained from observations of high redshift supernovae. The modeled evolution of the universe includes a large amount
Scalar_field_dark_matter
Galaxy in the constellation of Hydra
had detected GRB 170817A, a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) of the type conjectured to be emitted in the collision of two neutron stars. On 16 October 2017
NGC_4993
in 1929 by the American astronomer Edwin Hubble's analysis of galactic redshifts. But the Big Bang theory had been presaged three-quarters of a century
List_of_multiple_discoveries
equivalence of gravitation and inertia and uses it to predict the gravitational redshift. Ivan Pavlov demonstrates conditioned responses with salivating dogs. Vladimir
1907_in_science
American theoretical physicist (born 1952)
Perlmutter, S.; al., et (1999). "Measurements of Omega and Lamba from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae". The Astrophysical Journal. 517 (2): 565–586. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133
Paul_Steinhardt
Branch of astronomy using gravitational waves
waves was first suggested by Oliver Heaviside in 1893 and then later conjectured by Henri Poincaré in 1905 as the gravitational equivalent of electromagnetic
Gravitational-wave_astronomy
Hubble parameter at cosmic distances. Testing the validity of the Kerr conjecture. This hypothesis states that all black holes are rotating black holes
Extreme_mass_ratio_inspiral
German physicist
structure and its consequences, separating rigorous proofs from heuristic conjectures. For his doctoral thesis, Ehlers turned to a question that was to shape
Jürgen_Ehlers
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
Boy/Male
Biblical
That foretells, that conjectures.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain derivation. The 18th-century parish registers of Marske, North Yorkshire, record the surname Hartburn with the variant Harburn; Harben may be a further variant of this. If so, its origin is probably topographic or habitational, from East Hartburn in Stockton-on-Tees or Hartburn in Northumberland, both named from Old English heorot ‘hart’ + burna ‘steam’. However, this conjecture is not borne out by the distribution of the surname a century later, when it occurs chiefly in Cambridgeshire and London and also with a significant presence in the Channel Islands, perhaps suggesting that it could be a variant of Harpin.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Urdu
Intuition; Conjecture; Wisdom
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intuition, Conjecture, Wisdom
Biblical
that foretells; that conjectures
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical
That Foretells; That Conjectures
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
Girl/Female
American, British, Christian, English, German, Greek
Pure; Form of Catherine
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Pashtun, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Flower; Narcissus
Girl/Female
English American Greek Gaelic Irish
Lark.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain
Jain's Tirthankar; God Name
Boy/Male
Indian
Gold
Girl/Female
Tamil
Abhilasa | அபிலாஸா
Desire, Wish
Boy/Male
Arabic
Beautiful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shivas name
Female
English
Elaborated form of English Lexy, LEXINE means "defender of mankind."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Happy; Lord Krishna
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
REDSHIFT CONJECTURE
n.
A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy.
n.
A part or decoration of the breastplate of the high priest among the ancient Jews, by which Jehovah revealed his will on certain occasions. Its nature has been the subject of conflicting conjectures.
v. i.
To make conjectures; to surmise; to guess; to infer; to form an opinion; to imagine.
n.
A conclusion to which the mind comes by speculating; mere theory; view; notion; conjecture.
n.
A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.
a.
Conjectural; able to conjecture.
n.
A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been conjectured to be the same with the Phoenician Adon, or Adonis.
n.
One who conjectures.
n.
That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise; opinion or belief without sufficient evidence.
v. t.
To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess.
v. t. & i.
To conjecture wrongly.
n.
A wrong conjecture or guess.
n.
Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling.
imp. & p. p.
of Conjecture
p. p. & a.
Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
a.
Of the nature of an opinion; conjectured.
n.
Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture.
v. t.
To arrive at by conjecture; to infer on slight evidence; to surmise; to guess; to form, at random, opinions concerning.
n.
Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.
n.
An opinionated person; one given to conjecture.