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U.S. claims and arguments for invading Iraq
There are various rationales that have been used to justify the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Iraq War, and subsequent hostilities. The George W. Bush administration
Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War
2003–2011 conflict in Iraq
The Iraq War (Arabic: حرب العراق, romanized: ḥarb al-ʿirāq), also referred to as the Second Gulf War (Gulf War II), was a protracted armed conflict in
Iraq_War
Joint resolution of the US Congress
the 2003 invasion of Iraq Rationale for the Iraq War United Nations United Nations Charter Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq War of aggression War on
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002
Military invasion led by the United States
The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 26 days of
2003_invasion_of_Iraq
Term used for any conflict about petroleum resources
spill Kuwaiti oil fires Iraqi no-fly zones conflicts (1992–2003) Iraq War (2003–2011) Rationale for the Iraq War § Oil Conflict in the Niger Delta (ongoing)
Oil_war
Mass destruction of a place's education infrastructure
Rationale for the Iraq War; Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq; Opposition to the Iraq War, Protests against the Iraq War; and Legality of the Iraq
Scholasticide
The U.S. rationale for the Iraq War has faced heavy criticism from an array of popular and official sources both inside and outside the United States
Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War
Middle Eastern conflict (2006–2008)
The Iraqi civil war was an armed conflict from 2006 to 2008 between various sectarian Shia and Sunni armed groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and
Iraqi_civil_war_(2006–2008)
Casualties of conflict from 2003 to 2011
Estimates of the casualties from the Iraq War (beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the ensuing occupation and insurgency and civil war) have come
Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War
Iraqi claims and arguments for invading Kuwait
United States of America, and Iraq. Saddam Hussein's rationale behind the invasion is disputed and largely unknown. No Iraqi document has ever been discovered
Rationale_for_the_Gulf_War
Military actions against the Islamic State
Many states began to intervene against the Islamic State (IS), in both the Syrian civil war and the War in Iraq (2013–2017), in response to its rapid territorial
War_against_the_Islamic_State
21st century international controversy
against the Iraq War Public relations preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq Rationale for the Iraq War The Prosecution of George W. Bush for Murder United
Legality_of_the_Iraq_War
Increase in US soldiers stationed in Iraq
In 2007, during the Iraq War, the George W. Bush administration increased the number of U.S. military combat troops in Iraq in order to provide security
Iraq_War_troop_surge
TELIC) was the codename under which all of the United Kingdom's military operations in Iraq were conducted between the start of the invasion of Iraq on 19
British involvement in the Iraq War
British_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War
weapons and infrastructure; Iraq ceased its chemical, biological and nuclear programs. During the Iran–Iraq War, known Iraqi chemical weapons attacks between
Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States in response to Saddam Hussein invading neighboring
Gulf_War
American U.S. Army general and diplomat (1937–2021)
gave a presentation to the United Nations Security Council regarding the rationale for the Iraq War, but he later admitted that the speech contained substantial
Colin_Powell
American political consultant and policy advisor (born 1950)
the 2000s, Rove was involved in the Plame affair, and was one of the chief architects of the rationale for the Iraq War. Prior to his White House appointments
Karl_Rove
Series of related conflicts since the 2003 invasion of Iraq
shifted to secondary rationales for the war, such as the Hussein government's human rights record and promoting democracy in Iraq. Opinion polls showed
Iraqi_conflict
Armed Conflict in the Middle East
The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State. Following December 2013, the insurgency escalated
War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)
States Propaganda model Rationale for the Iraq War United States news media and the Vietnam War Media coverage of the Gulf War Outfoxed (2004) Rutenberg
Media coverage of the Iraq War
Media_coverage_of_the_Iraq_War
March 2003 proceedings in the House of Commons
Resolution Iraq Inquiry Iraq War Jus ad bellum Just war theory Legality of the Iraq War Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq Rationale for the Iraq War United
British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq
British_parliamentary_approval_for_the_invasion_of_Iraq
Overview and topical guide
administration's war on terror following the September 11 attacks. Iraq War 2003 invasion of Iraq Prelude to the Iraq War Rationale for the Iraq War Occupation
Outline_of_the_Iraq_War
American award for nonfiction books
The Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are awarded annually for the "Letters, Drama, and Music" category
Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
Pulitzer_Prize_for_General_Nonfiction
Offensively and genocidally used chemical weapons
Convention#Iraqi stockpile Iraq and weapons of mass destruction Iraqi biological weapons program Rationale for the Iraq War WMD conjecture after the 2003 invasion
Iraqi chemical weapons program
Iraqi_chemical_weapons_program
Beginning of the 1990–1991 Gulf War
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, codenamed Project 17, began on 2 August 1990 and marked the beginning of the Gulf War. After defeating the State of Kuwait
Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait
1941 campaign during World War II
The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British-led Allied military campaign during the Second World War against the Kingdom of Iraq, then ruled by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
Anglo-Iraqi_War
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
around the world. The war was preceded in January–February 2026 by the largest US military buildup in the region since the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Following
2026_Iran_war
The withdrawal of the United States troops from Iraq began in December 2007 with the end of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 and was mostly completed by
Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)
Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007–2011)
Fact-finding mission
destruction once the United Nations lifted economic sanctions. Rationale for the Iraq War WMD theories in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War Sector Control
Iraq_Survey_Group
military operations of the Iraq War, undertaken by Multi-National Force – Iraq. The list covers operations from 2003 until December 2011. For later operations
List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War
List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War
rationale for war were frequently buried, minimized or spiked." This type of coverage quickly changed after the major turning points of the Iraq War.
Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq
Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq
Bilateral relations
Opposition to the Iraq War Rationale for the Iraq War Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Sanctions against Iraq Timeline of the Iraq War United States
Iraq–United_States_relations
Both inside and outside of the U.S., some argued that the Bush Administration's rationale for war was to gain control over Iraqi natural resources (primarily
Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War
American weapons inspector and writer (born 1961)
manufacturing capabilities, the primary rationale given for the U.S. invasion of Iraq in March 2003. Prior to the war, Ritter said that the U.S. and British governments
Scott_Ritter
security spending. The attacks were also cited as a rationale for the Iraq War. In 2008, Joseph Stiglitz estimated that the cost of the two wars would surpass
Economic effects of the September 11 attacks
Economic_effects_of_the_September_11_attacks
Military of Iraq
Iran–Iraq War, initiated by the Iraqis in 1980, which continued until 1988. Thereafter Iraq began the invasion of Kuwait, which led to the Gulf War of 1991
Iraqi_Armed_Forces
US wartime propaganda campaign
the British version of Card Sharks) using the deck. Iraq portal Hamas most wanted playing cards, similar cards made for Israel during the Gaza war Archaeology
Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards
Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards
war War on terror Afghan conflict War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) United States invasion of Afghanistan Iraqi conflict 2003 invasion of Iraq Iraq War Middle
Outline_of_the_2026_Iran_war
By the Islamic State in 2015
destruction. The Mosul Museum, opened in 1952, is the second largest museum in Iraq, with the first being the National Museum of Iraq. The museum is split
Destruction of Mosul Museum artifacts
Destruction_of_Mosul_Museum_artifacts
Country in West Asia
insurgency Rationale for the Iraq War Terrorist attacks of the Iraq War Timeline of the Iraq War Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011) Culture of Iraq Architecture
Outline_of_Iraq
American lawyer, radio and television personality (born 1957)
claimed that the Bush administration's original WMD rationale for the Iraq War had been vindicated by citing reports of U.S. soldiers in Iraq that were wounded
Mark_Levin
Sequence of events in the US invasion of Iraq
The following is a timeline of major events during the Iraq War, following the 2003 invasion of Iraq. March 20: The United States begins the invasion of
Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War
2007 memoir by Valerie Plame Wilson
administration's rationale for the Iraq War. The outing made her the center of the American political scandal known as the Plame affair. Her public outing
Fair_Game_(memoir)
Largest disclosure in United States military history
The Iraq War documents leak is the disclosure to WikiLeaks of 391,832 United States Army field reports, also called the Iraq War Logs, of the Iraq War
Iraq_War_documents_leak
2003 diplomatic speech
appeared before the UN to prove the urgency to engage a war with Iraq. In 2016, Powell would say, "[A]t the time I gave the speech on Feb. 5, the president
Colin Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council
Colin_Powell's_presentation_to_the_United_Nations_Security_Council
in the Iraq War. Declassified documents reveal that the decision to go to war was taken primarily with a view to enhancing its alliance with the United
Australia_in_the_Iraq_War
U.S. Withdrawal of Iraq
would end the U.S. mission in Iraq by 2026. The United States completed its withdrawal of troops in December 2011, concluding the Iraq War. In October
Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2025–2026)
Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2025–2026)
Attempts by Iraq to prevent the 2003 invasion
the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Iraqi government made several secret diplomatic attempts to avert the war. In December 2002, a representative of the head
2002–2003 Iraqi pre-war diplomatic proposals
2002–2003_Iraqi_pre-war_diplomatic_proposals
Sectarian and anti-government warfare in American-occupied Iraq
lasting until the end of the Iraq War and U.S. withdrawal in 2011. It was followed by a renewed insurgency. The initial outbreak of violence (the 2003–2006
Iraqi_insurgency_(2003–2011)
Coalition against the Islamic State
response to the Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) of the Islamic State (ISIL), as part of Operation Inherent Resolve. At the invitation of the Iraqi government
US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)
US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014–2021)
Chronology of the CIA leak scandal
rationale for the Iraq War. In August 2006, former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage revealed that he had been Novak's primary source for the leak
Timeline_of_the_Plame_affair
Dominance of states through indirect means
that the U.S. was motivated to go to war to attain vital oil reserves, rather than to pursue the U.S. government's official rationale for the Iraq War. Noam
Neocolonialism
find any of the alleged stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq that were used as a rationale for the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. The United States
WMD conjecture after the 2003 invasion of Iraq
WMD_conjecture_after_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq
the population in both countries, the Iranian government used Shia militias to serve its interests during the Iraq War. This culminated in a complex series
Iranian involvement in the Iraq War
Iranian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War
2008 military operation
nationwide offensive launched by the Multinational Force Iraq (MNF-I) on 8 January 2008 in an attempt to build on the success of the two previous corps-level
Operation_Phantom_Phoenix
The combatants of the Iraq War include the Multinational Force in Iraq and armed Iraqi insurgent groups. Below is a list of armed groups or combatants
Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War
Aspect of the Iraq War
were involved in the Iraq War in a lesser capacity. Additionally, several private military contractors took part in enforcing the occupation. It was
Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)
Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003–2011)
2004 report by the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence (formally, the Report of the Select Committee on Intelligence on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence
Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence
Senate_Report_on_Iraqi_WMD_Intelligence
2002–2011 series of demonstrations
Beginning in late 2002 and continuing after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, large-scale protests against the Iraq War were held in many cities worldwide, often
Protests_against_the_Iraq_War
2009 British public inquiry into the Iraq War
John Chilcot) was a British public inquiry into the nation's role in the Iraq War. The inquiry was announced in 2009 by Prime Minister Gordon Brown and published
Iraq_Inquiry
Allegation against Iraq in the lead-up to the 2003 invasion
evidence of Iraq having access to a mobile weapons lab. In the run up to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, the main rationale for the Iraq War were allegations
Allegations of Iraqi mobile weapons laboratories
Allegations_of_Iraqi_mobile_weapons_laboratories
The cost of the Iraq War following the 2003 invasion of Iraq is often contested, as academics and critics have noted many expenditures not represented
Financial cost of the Iraq War
Financial_cost_of_the_Iraq_War
ISIL field commander (1986–2016)
among other motivations, as rationale for the shooting. Fahdawi was born in 1986. In 2006, while studying computer science at the University of Anbar, he
Abu_Waheeb
2011–13 sectarian violence in Iraq following the US invasion and withdrawal
all combat troops from Iraq by 2011. The Bush administration based its rationale for war principally on the assertion that Iraq possessed weapons of mass
Iraqi_insurgency_(2011–2013)
American diplomat (1949–2019)
perspective to the Bush administration's rationale for the Iraq War: I was convinced before the war that the threat of weapons of mass destruction in the hands
Joseph_C._Wilson
Security Council positions before war
the Iraq War Popular opposition to war on Iraq Protests against the 2003 Iraq war American popular opinion of war on Iraq Command responsibility War of
United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War
United_Nations_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_War
Campaign during the Iraq War
Sunni insurgents in the western Iraqi governorate of Al Anbar. The Iraq War lasted from 2003 to 2011, but the majority of the fighting and counterinsurgency
Anbar_campaign_(2003–2011)
Iraqi defector
of the claims, the US and British governments utilized them to build a rationale for military action in the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, including
Curveball_(informant)
1991–2003 overview of the events leading to the Iraq War
Kingdom argued that Iraq's activities posed a threat to the international community. After the Gulf War in 1991, the U.S. and the U.K. pursued a policy
Prelude_to_the_Iraq_War
American bombardment of Fallujah, Iraq
The United States bombardment of Fallujah began in April 2003, one month after the beginning of the invasion of Iraq. In April 2003 United States forces
Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War
abdicate.[citation needed] The U.S.'s rationale for war depended on several contentions. First, it contended that Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass
Preparations for the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Preparations_for_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq
2004 battle of the Iraq War
offensive of the Iraq War that began on 7 November 2004 and lasted about six weeks. A joint military effort of the United States, the Iraqi Interim Government
Second_Battle_of_Fallujah
United States appropriations act
act passed by the 110th United States Congress that provides funding for the Iraq War through September 30, 2007. A prior version of the act, H.R. 1591
U.S._Troop_Readiness,_Veterans'_Care,_Katrina_Recovery,_and_Iraq_Accountability_Appropriations_Act,_2007
During the Iraq War, which began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, there were United States military personnel who refused to participate, or continue to
Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada
Aspect of 2003–2011 Iraq War
Iraq War troop surge of 2007, and during the spring fighting of 2008. On March 28, 2004, the US leader of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq
Siege_of_Sadr_City
2017 American film
investigate the rationale behind the Bush Administration's then-impending 2003 invasion of Iraq. The film had its world premiere at the Zurich Film Festival
Shock_and_Awe_(film)
2008 American political controversy
between 9.11.01 and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Governments lie. He spoke about the government's rationale for the Iraq War: The government lied about weapons
Jeremiah_Wright_controversy
the "speculative pre-emptive" justification for this war is comparatively weak when measured against past domestic and international legal rationales
Analysis_of_the_2026_Iran_war
American author and journalist (born 1970)
Iraq had access to weapons of mass destruction, which were used by George W. Bush's administration as the most prominent rationale for the Iraq War.
Matt_Taibbi
Early 2000s diplomatic crisis
In the 1980s, Iraq had programs to produce all three, but in the 1990s, the programs were ended, and the WMD were destroyed. The U.S.' rationale for its
Iraq_disarmament_crisis
Part of the Iraq War
The 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency lasted until early 2006, when it escalated from an insurgency to a Sunni-Shia civil war, which became the
2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency
2003–2006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency
the Iraq War on 5 June 2003, shortly after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. As part of the Multi-National Force – Iraq, they engaged in combat with Iraqi insurgents
Ukrainian involvement in the Iraq War
Ukrainian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War
Battle of the Iraq War
The Battle of Baqubah II (March–August 2007) took place during the Iraq War in the capital of the Iraqi province Diyala, to the north-east of Baghdad
Battle_of_Baqubah
2007 American presidential controversy
in the trial, that President Bush himself selectively declassified national security material to attempt to support the false rationale for war. The President's
Scooter Libby clemency controversy
Scooter_Libby_clemency_controversy
The Iraq War began with the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. The Government of Canada did not at any time formally declare war against Iraq, and the level
Canada_and_the_Iraq_War
2006 battle in the Iraq War
The Second Battle of Ramadi was fought during the Iraq War from March 2006 to November 2006, for control of Ramadi, the capital of the Al Anbar Governorate
Battle_of_Ramadi_(2006)
Bombings were a regular occurrence during the Iraq War. They resulted in tens of thousands of casualties throughout the country, killing and wounding civilians
List of bombings during the Iraq War
List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War
Ongoing low-scale insurgency in Iraq
The Iraqi insurgency is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (IS) lost its territorial control in the War in
Iraqi insurgency (2017–present)
Iraqi_insurgency_(2017–present)
allied countries in the Middle East, including Qatar, Iraq, and Jordan. After a drone struck a British military base on Cyprus, the UK deployed further
United Kingdom involvement in the 2026 Iran war
United_Kingdom_involvement_in_the_2026_Iran_war
Iranian-backed Iraqi paramilitary umbrella group
during the War in Iraq against the Islamic State. In December 2016, the Council of Representatives passed a law defining the PMF's legal status under the Popular
Popular_Mobilization_Forces
2006 operation by the Iraqi insurgency and Al-Qaeda
operation by the Iraqi insurgency and al-Qaeda in Iraq, planned in December 2005 as a push against American forces during the Iraq War. The goal was to
Operation Desert Shield (2006)
Operation_Desert_Shield_(2006)
International responses to 2019–2023 political crisis
Nin Novoa comparing the worsening situation to the United States' rationale for the Iraq War. In April, Beatriz Becerra said that the international conference
Responses to the Venezuelan presidential crisis
Responses_to_the_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis
2003 U.S. military operation in the Iraq War
Saddam Hussein, the deposed president of Iraq, was captured by the United States military in the town of Ad-Dawr, Iraq, on 13 December 2003. The military operation
Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein
Operation of the Iraq War
The First Battle of Fallujah, code-named Operation Vigilant Resolve, was an American-led operation of the Iraq War against militants in Fallujah as well
First_Battle_of_Fallujah
American federal investigation, 2003–2007
editorial in The New York Times. Wilson argued that the Bush administration misrepresented intelligence prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In his column
Plame affair grand jury investigation
Plame_affair_grand_jury_investigation
National museum of Iraq
The Iraq Museum (Arabic: المتحف العراقي) is the national museum of Iraq, located in Baghdad. The Iraq Museum contains relics from the Mesopotamian, Abbasid
Iraq_Museum
2007 mass shooting in Baghdad, Iraq
private military company contracted by the United States government to provide security services in Iraq, shot at Iraqi civilians, killing 17 and injuring
Nisour_Square_massacre
2003–2004 transitional US-led government of Iraq
Iraq came under United States military occupation following the invasion of the country on 20 March 2003 by U.S.-led Coalition forces that marked the
Coalition Provisional Authority
Coalition_Provisional_Authority
Iranian economist and political scientist
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Rationale for the Iraq War Iran's nuclear program "Behrooz Abdolvand". DGAP. Archived from the original on 13 March 2017. Retrieved
Behrooz_Abdolvand
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