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Three-stranded nucleic acid structure
An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, composed of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated non-template single-stranded DNA. R-loops may be
R-loop
an "R-loop". DRIP-seq utilizes a sequence-independent but structure-specific antibody for DNA-RNA immunoprecipitation (DRIP) to capture R-loops for massively
DRIP-seq
2019 stage musical by Michael R. Jackson
is being considered for merging. › A Strange Loop is a musical with book, music, and lyrics by Michael R. Jackson, and winner of the 2020 Pulitzer Prize
A_Strange_Loop
DNA structure
separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA. An R-loop is similar to a D-loop, but in that case the third strand is RNA rather than DNA. The
D-loop
1962 single by Johnny Thunder
the U.S. pop chart and No. 6 on the U.S. R&B chart in 1963. It was featured on his 1963 album Loop De Loop. In Canada it reached No. 14 in 2 separate
Loop_de_Loop
Part of a gene that is spliced away
decreased R-loop levels and decreased DNA damage compared to intronless genes of similar expression. Insertion of an intron within an R-loop prone gene
Intron
RNA produced by transcription
preventing the production of primary transcripts. R-loops are formed during transcription. An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure containing
Primary_transcript
Observe–orient–decide–act cycle
The OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act loop) is a decision-making model developed by United States Air Force Colonel John Boyd in the early 1970s
OODA_loop
Enzyme family
H1 and H2 are involved in genome maintenance tasks such as processing of R-loop structures. Ribonuclease H is a family of endonuclease enzymes with a shared
Ribonuclease_H
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
homologs of SETX, senataxin is thought to play an important role in resolving R-loops, transcription termination, and maintaining genome stability by being an
SETX
Electrical configuration allowing electricity to cross between grounded devices
In an electrical system, a ground loop or earth loop occurs when two points of a circuit are intended to have the same ground reference potential but instead
Ground_loop_(electricity)
Feedback controller
A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback
Closed-loop_controller
Invariants used to prove properties of loops
In computer science, a loop invariant is a property of a program loop that is true before (and after) each iteration. It is a logical assertion, sometimes
Loop_invariant
Modification in mRNA, DNA
of R-loops in human and plant cells, where it is involved in regulation of stability of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been reported to modulate R-loop levels
N6-Methyladenosine
Electronic control system
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the
Phase-locked_loop
Protein structure
cancer cell resistance to therapeutic DNA damaging agents by stimulating R-loop mediated double strand break repair. Thus inhibition of SYCP2 expression
Synaptonemal_complex
Eighteenth letter of the latin alphabet
audience. R with diacritics: Ŕ ŕ Ɍ ɍ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṙ ṙ Ȑ ȑ Ȓ ȓ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ Ṟ ṟ Ꞧ ꞧ Ɽ ɽ R̃ r̃ ᵲ ꭨ ᵳ ᶉ International Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to R: 𝼈
R
Mechanism of nuclear organization
Loop extrusion is a major mechanism of nuclear organization. It is a dynamic process in which structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes
Loop_extrusion
Type of common three-dimensional structure in chain-like biological molecules
separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA. An R-loop is similar to a D-loop, but in this case the third strand is RNA rather than DNA. The
Structural_motif
Algorithm
nested loop join, S {\displaystyle S} will be scanned once for every tuple of R {\displaystyle R} . If there are many qualifying R {\displaystyle R} tuples
Block_nested_loop
Stage of stellar evolution
In the field of stellar evolution, a blue loop is a stage in the life of an evolved star where it changes from a cool star to a hotter one before cooling
Blue_loop
American biochemist
member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1983. Davis developed the R-loop technique of electron microscopy for mapping coding RNAs which led to the
Ronald_W._Davis
2007 book by Douglas Hofstadter
I Am a Strange Loop is a 2007 book by Douglas Hofstadter, examining in depth the concept of a strange loop to explain the sense of "I". The concept of
I_Am_a_Strange_Loop
Fundamental building block of control systems
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process
Control_loop
Protein used in CRISPR
of Cascade to target DNA, R-loops are formed, and Cas3 is recruited to the complex. ATP enhances Cas3 recruitment to R-loops, and binding enhances Cas3
Cas3
Phase-locked loop-based demodulator circuit
A Costas loop is a phase-locked loop (PLL) based circuit which is used for carrier frequency recovery from suppressed-carrier modulation signals (e.g
Costas_loop
American playwright, lyricist and composer
Michael R. Jackson (born 1981) is an American playwright, composer, and lyricist, best known for his musical A Strange Loop, which won the 2020 Pulitzer
Michael_R._Jackson
Algebraic structure
invertible elements in R form a Moufang loop called the loop of units of R. For any field F let M(F) denote the Moufang loop of unit norm elements in
Moufang_loop
Protein in the mitochondrion mostly expressed in highly metabolic cells
ataxia. This expanded repeat causes R-loop formation, and using a repeat-targeted oligonucleotide to disrupt the R-loop can reactivate frataxin expression
Frataxin
Subtype of DNA
during transcription, termed R-loops, tend to form at CpG-islands within the 5' and 3' UTRs, similar to microDNA. R-loops are correlated with DNA damage
MicroDNA
Annual competition sponsored by SpaceX from 2015–2019
rLoop, Inc., The only non-student team that advanced in the competition and won the "Innovation Award." Initially conceived on a Reddit forum, rLoop is
Hyperloop_pod_competition
Emission nebula in the constellation of Orion
Barnard's Loop (catalogue designation Sh 2-276) is an emission nebula in the constellation of Orion. It is part of the Orion–Eridanus Superbubble, which
Barnard's_Loop
Study of non-linear complex systems
behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays. System dynamics is a mathematical modeling
System_dynamics
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil of wire, tubing, or other electrical conductor, that for transmitting is usually fed by
Loop_antenna
State highway loops in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Loop 500 is located in Shelby County. It runs
List of state highway loops in Texas (500–9999)
List_of_state_highway_loops_in_Texas_(500–9999)
Community area in Chicago, Illinois
The Loop is Chicago's central business district and one of the 77 municipally-designated community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located
Chicago_Loop
Operator whose expectation value gives the volume
V(R)\psi \rangle } is the expectation value for the volume of R {\displaystyle R} . Loop Quantum Gravity, for example, provides volume operators, area
Volume_operator
Supernova remnant in the constellation of Cygnus
The Cygnus Loop (radio source W78, or Sharpless 103) is a large supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation Cygnus, an emission nebula measuring nearly
Cygnus_Loop
American biochemist
with Moore and the R-loop analysis process. The R-loop micrographs had an unexpected discrepancy however, with the normal R-loops featuring pieces of
Susan_Berget
2012 film by Rian Johnson
Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Rian Johnson, and produced by Ram Bergman and James D. Stern. It
Looper_(film)
Mathematical group of loops in a Lie group
formula. In algebraic geometry one also studies algebraic loop groups, defined by LG(R) = G(R((t))), together with their associated affine Grassmannians
Loop_group
US non-profit organization
; Levy, S.; Pawar, R.; Hartono, S.; Sharma, K.; Frost, B.; Chedin, F.; Bishop, A. J. R. (2023). "Exploration and analysis of R-loop mapping data with RLBase"
Bioinformatics Research Network
Bioinformatics_Research_Network
American singer (1931–2024)
2024), known as Johnny Thunder, was an American R&B and pop singer whose biggest hit was "Loop de Loop" in 1963. Leroy Hamilton was born in Okahumpka,
Johnny_Thunder_(singer)
American biologist
Catherine H. (2017-10-03). "Cytosine deamination and base excision repair cause R-loop–induced CAG repeat fragility and instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
Catherine_Freudenreich
Protein
arm of chromosome 4. Pol II pausing controlled by NELF is a key source of R-loop aggregation in mammary epithelial cells that are BRCA1-deficient, which
Negative_elongation_factor
Type of textile fastener
Velcro Hook and Loop Fastener, commonly known as Velcro (a trademarked term that the manufacturer renders in all-capital letters as VELCRO), hook-and-pile
Velcro
Thermal Wilson loop
In quantum field theory, the Polyakov loop is the thermal analogue of the Wilson loop, acting as an order parameter for confinement in pure gauge theories
Polyakov_loop
American singer (born 1967)
regularly busked at the "L" stop on the Red Line's Jackson station in the Loop. During his recording career, Kelly released 18 studio albums which yielded
R._Kelly
Gain in an electric amplifier
The open-loop gain of an electronic amplifier is the gain obtained when no overall feedback is used in the circuit. The open-loop gain of many electronic
Open-loop_gain
Gauge field loop operator
field theory, Wilson loops are gauge invariant operators arising from the parallel transport of gauge variables around closed loops. They encode all gauge
Wilson_loop
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
Property of electrical conductors
Standards: 301 ff. doi:10.6028/bulletin.088. Dengler, R. (2016). "Self inductance of a wire loop as a curve integral". Advanced Electromagnetics. 5 (1):
Inductance
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
moment m of that loop and simplifies to: Magnetic field of magnetic dipole (vector form, SI units) H d i p = 1 4 π [ 3 r ^ ( m ⋅ r ^ ) − m r 3 ] = B d i p
Magnetic_field
Class of integrals appearing in quantum field theory
statistical mechanics, loop integrals are the integrals which appear when evaluating the Feynman diagrams with one or more loops by integrating over the
Loop_integral
Protein family around which DNA winds to form nucleosomes
G2. H3S10 phosphorylation has also been linked to DNA damage caused by R-loop formation at highly transcribed sites. Phosphorylation H2B at serine 10/14
Histone
Method for determining flow in pipe network systems
head over the loop is zero. The sum of the change in head over the new loop will then be Σ r ( Q 0 + Δ Q ) n = 0 {\displaystyle \Sigma r(Q_{0}+\Delta Q)^{n}=0}
Hardy_Cross_method
Learning model
Double-loop learning entails the modification of goals or decision-making rules in the light of experience. In double-loop learning, individuals or organizations
Double-loop_learning
Compiler optimization technique
Loop splitting is a compiler optimization technique. It attempts to simplify a loop or eliminate dependencies by breaking it into multiple loops which
Loop_splitting
New York City Subway station in Manhattan
trains and the northern terminal for late night R trains. This station replaced the Old South Ferry station loop that was originally supposed to close in 2009
South Ferry/Whitehall Street station
South_Ferry/Whitehall_Street_station
Basic law of electromagnetism
electromotive force (emf) around a closed conducting loop to the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. This rule can be derived from the first in
Faraday's_law_of_induction
particular the mechanism of packet passing. It was called the "8100 Loop" or "R-Loop" and it supported various attached terminals (such as the 3104), printers
IBM_8100
Software user interface
Human-in-the-loop (HITL) is used in multiple contexts. It can be defined as a model requiring human interaction. HITL is associated with modeling and simulation
Human-in-the-loop
Intramolecular base-pairing pattern in RNA and DNA
single-stranded DNA or RNA. They are also referred to as hairpins or hairpin loops. A stem-loop occurs when two regions of the same nucleic acid strand, usually complementary
Stem-loop
Diuretics that act along the loop of Henle in the kidneys
Loop diuretics are drugs that are often used for the treatment of hypertension and edema secondary to congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or chronic
Loop_diuretic
Rail tunnel through the Melbourne CBD
The City Loop (originally called the Melbourne Underground Rail Loop or MURL) is a piece of underground metropolitan rail infrastructure in the city centre
City_Loop
Part of kidney tissue
The loop of Henle (/ˈhɛnli/; also known as Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted
Loop_of_Henle
Cycles going through a hierarchy
A strange loop is a cyclic structure that goes through several levels in a hierarchical system. It arises when, by moving only upwards or downwards through
Strange_loop
Two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference
voltage drop around any loop is zero. This includes imaginary loops arranged arbitrarily in space – not limited to the loops delineated by the circuit
Kirchhoff's_circuit_laws
Rail line spiral between the Central Valley and Mojave Desert
The Tehachapi Loop is a 3,779-foot-long (0.72 mi; 1.15 km) spiral, or helix, on the Union Pacific Railroad Mojave Subdivision through Tehachapi Pass, of
Tehachapi_Loop
Visualization of variable interrelationships
A causal loop diagram (CLD) is a causal diagram that visualizes how different variables in a system are causally interrelated. The diagram consists of
Causal_loop_diagram
Mathematical group of the homotopy classes of loops in a topological space
first loop, then along the second. Two loops are considered equivalent if one can be deformed into the other without breaking. The set of all such loops with
Fundamental_group
Trophic pathway in marine microbial ecosystems
The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation
Microbial_loop
Former corporate headquarters of Apple Inc. in California, U.S.
Apple Park (a.k.a. Apple Campus 2). The campus is located at 1 Infinite Loop in Cupertino, California, and remains an Apple office and lab space. Its
Apple_Infinite_Loop_campus
Novelty radio made by Panasonic Japan in the early 1970s
The Toot-a-Loop Radio or Panasonic R-72 was a novelty radio made by Panasonic Japan in the early 1970s. This radio was designed to be wrapped around the
Panasonic_Toot-a-Loop_Radio
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and inhibition of DDX41 have been shown to lead to the formation of an R-loop which results in transcriptional errors with no specific patterns. DDX41
DDX41
Magnetic analogue of the electric dipole
loop smaller and smaller, but keeping the product of current and area constant, the limiting field is B ( r ) = μ 0 4 π [ 3 r ^ ( r ^ ⋅ m ) − m | r |
Magnetic_dipole
RNA family
PMID 7350545. S2CID 4266714. Perriman R, Ares M (May 2010). "Invariant U2 snRNA nucleotides form a stem loop to recognize the intron early in splicing"
U2_spliceosomal_RNA
Control concept
equilibrium, and reduces the effects of perturbations. Negative feedback loops in which just the right amount of correction is applied with optimum timing
Negative_feedback
Method in electric circuit analysis
other. A more general technique, called loop analysis (with the corresponding network variables called loop currents) can be applied to any circuit,
Mesh_analysis
Deep-water port in the Gulf of Mexico
(LOOP) is a deepwater port in the Gulf of Mexico 29 kilometers (18 nautical miles) off the coast of Louisiana near the town of Port Fourchon. LOOP provides
Louisiana_Offshore_Oil_Port
the business loops within Texas are maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). Interstate 20 (I-20) has 15 business loops in the state
Business routes of Interstate 20 in Texas
Business_routes_of_Interstate_20_in_Texas
Programming language for statistics
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been widely adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics
R_(programming_language)
How software progresses through its implementation
(indefinite iteration), or infinitely. A loop inside the loop body is called a nested loop. Early exit from a loop may be supported via a break statement
Control_flow
Model for a random simple path
In mathematics, loop-erased random walk is a model for a random simple path with important applications in combinatorics, physics and quantum field theory
Loop-erased_random_walk
Tool used by microbiologists
An inoculation loop (also called a smear loop, inoculation wand or microstreaker) is a simple tool used mainly by microbiologists to pick up and transfer
Inoculation_loop
Class of supercarriers for the U.S. Navy
The Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier is a class of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers built for the United States Navy to replace portions of the
Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier
Gerald_R._Ford-class_aircraft_carrier
Protein-coding gene in humans
is important for two cellular functions: replication fork reversal, and R-loop unwinding. The encoded protein shows sequence similarity to the E. coli
SMARCAL1
American professor of cognitive science (born 1945)
relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, strange loops, ambigrams, artificial intelligence, and discovery in mathematics and physics
Douglas_Hofstadter
RNA family
Anna; Kim, Soo Yeon; Kim, Taekeun; Lee, Seungbok (2025-06-24). "Analysis of R-loop forming regions identifies RNU2-2 and RNU5B-1 as neurodevelopmental disorder
U5_spliceosomal_RNA
Computing algorithm
Two relations R {\displaystyle R} and S {\displaystyle S} are joined as follows: algorithm nested_loop_join is for each tuple r in R do for each tuple
Nested_loop_join
Technique used in the development and testing of complex real-time embedded systems
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, also known by various acronyms such as HiL, HITL, and HWIL, is a technique that is used in the development and testing
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Hardware-in-the-loop_simulation
Self-interacting genomic region
Yu H, Bai X, Finkelstein IJ (2023). "CTCF and R-loops are boundaries of cohesin-mediated DNA looping". Molecular Cell. 83 (16): 2856–2871.e8. bioRxiv 10
Topologically associating domain
Topologically_associating_domain
Loop that increases an initial effect
feedback, self-reinforcing feedback) is a process that occurs in a feedback loop where the outcome of a process reinforces the inciting process to build momentum
Positive_feedback
Magnetic loop operator dual to the Wilson loop
field theory, the 't Hooft loop is a magnetic analogue of the Wilson loop whose spatial loop operator give rise to thin loops of magnetic flux associated
't_Hooft_loop
2009 American film
only for the day to repeat. David gradually realises that he is in a time loop, and that the Rapture is occurring. After numerous attempts to find a solution
In the Blink of an Eye (2009 film)
In_the_Blink_of_an_Eye_(2009_film)
The work loop technique is used in muscle physiology to evaluate the mechanical work and power output of skeletal or cardiac muscle contractions via in
Work_loop
Former Toronto streetcar terminus
The Toronto Transit Commission's Luttrell Loop was the eastern terminus of the Bloor streetcar line. The loop was closed in 1968 after completion of an
Luttrell_Loop
Deformation mechanism in crystallines
a source is easily understood. When the stress at the source reaches r*, loops are generated, and continue to be generated until the back-stress stops
Slip_bands_in_metals
Griffiths-Jones S, Balasubramanian M, et al. (June 2025). "Analysis of R-loop forming regions identifies RNU2-2 and RNU5B-1 as neurodevelopmental disorder
RNU2-2
Railway line in London
The Sutton Loop Line, also known as the Wimbledon Loop, is a railway line that diverges from the Portsmouth Line at Streatham South junction and rejoins
Sutton_Loop_Line
R LOOP
R LOOP
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian name derived from the word tündér, TÜNDÉR means "fairy."
Female
Norse
Old Norse name derived from the word frÃðr, FRÃÃR means "peace."
Female
Irish
Irish and Scottish Gaelic name MÓR means "great."
Male
French
French form of German Luitger, LEGÉR means "people-spear."
Female
Norse
Variant form of Old Norse ÞorrÃðr, ÞURÃÃR means "Þórr's beauty."
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements ari "eagle" and viðr "tree," hence "eagle tree."
Female
Finnish
Finnish myth name of a sprite, possibly TERHENETÄR means "acorn."
Female
Norse
Old Norse name probably derived from the word garðr, GERÃR means "enclosure, stronghold." In mythology, this is the name of a frost giantess and wife of Freyr.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Baltasar, BOLDIZSÃR means "Ba'al protect the king."
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Old Norse Hallþórr, HALLDÓR means "Thor's rock."
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Old Norse Þórr, ÞÓR means "thunder."Â
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements hallr "rock" and varðr "defender, guardian," hence "rock defender."
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Greek Georgios, SIÔR means "earth-worker, farmer."
Female
Norse
Old Norse name AUÃR means "deeply rich."
Male
Norse
Variant form of Old Norse Sigvarðr, SIGURÃR means "victory guard."Â
Female
Norse
Variant form of Old Norse SigfrÃðr, SIGRÃÃR means "beautiful victory."
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Berengarius, BERENGÃR means "bear-spear."
Male
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements folk "people, tribe," and varðr "guard," hence "guardian of the people."
Surname or Lastname
Hungarian (Sugár)
Hungarian (Sugár) : nickname for a well-built person, from sugár ‘tall’, ‘slim’.Translation of German and Jewish Zucker ‘sugar’.English : nickname from the vocabulary word sugar as a term of affection, or possibly an occupational name for a confectioner or dealer in sugar, although there is no evidence for this in English sources.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Old Norse Ãsgeirr, OSZKÃR means "god-spear."
R LOOP
R LOOP
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of an Army
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Intelligent wise, brillant
Boy/Male
British, English
Tribe Near the Sea
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Surrounded by Happiness
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Desire; Wish
Girl/Female
French, German
Spear Ruler
Girl/Female
British, English
Sweet
Girl/Female
Scottish
Dwells at the gray fortress.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Eternal Part of God
Female
Dutch
, pearl.
R LOOP
R LOOP
R LOOP
R LOOP
R LOOP
n.
One who goes upon an expedition. [R].
n.
A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum).
a.
Belonging to the Filices, r ferns.
n.
The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa).
n.
The fruit of certain species of bramble (Rubus); in England, the fruit of R. caesius, which has a glaucous bloom; in America, that of R. canadensis and R. hispidus, species of low blackberries.
v. t.
To help onward. [R.] See Further.
a.
Loving music. [R.]Busby.
v. r.
To breathe up or out; to exhale.
n.
Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.
a.
Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.
n.
An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to change s to r, as wese to were.
n.
See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
a.
Full of entreaty. [R.] See Intreatful.
n.
A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod."
n.
One who fattens. [R.] See Fattener.
n.
One who, or that which, dilates, expands, o r enlarges.
n.
A species of Ranunculus (R. bulbosus); -- called also butterflower, buttercup, kingcup, goldcup.
n.
A guttural pronunciation of the letter r; a burr. See Burr, n., 6.
n.
A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.