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Basic unit of quantum information
computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information, the quantum version of the classic binary bit. A qubit can be physically
Qubit
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
(a binary), a qubit can exist in a linear combination of two states known as a quantum superposition. The result of measuring a qubit is one of the two
Quantum_computing
Quantum computing implementation
solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits in a quantum processor. These devices are typically microwave-frequency
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
qubit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A qubit is a quantum bit, a unit of quantum information — the quantum analogue of the classical bit. Qubit may
Qubit_(disambiguation)
Process in quantum computing
Conceptually, to use a quantum error-correcting code, one can append ancilla qubits to qubits that need protection, and apply a unitary encoding circuit to rotate
Quantum_error_correction
Basic circuit in quantum computing
quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical
Quantum_logic_gate
Quantum states of two qubits
science, the Bell's states or EPR pairs are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest examples of quantum entanglement. The Bell's
Bell_state
Proposed quantum computer implementation
applied to induce coupling between the qubit states (for single qubit operations) or coupling between the internal qubit states and the external motional states
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
Superconducting qubit implementation
superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have reduced sensitivity to charge noise. The transmon was developed
Transmon
Types of quantum information
In quantum computing, a qubit is a unit of information analogous to a bit (binary digit) in classical computing, but it is affected by quantum mechanical
Physical_and_logical_qubits
Superconducting qubit implementation
In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence
Charge_qubit
Physical phenomenon
0.66. Three qubits are required for this process: the source qubit from the sender, the ancillary qubit, and the receiver's target qubit, which is maximally
Quantum_teleportation
Comic book series
no-killing rule. Modeus transfers himself into Qubit but is left trapped by Qubit's mental safeguards. Qubit uses Modeus' memories to discover how to stop
Irredeemable
Superconducting qubit implementation
specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal
Flux_qubit
physical qubit numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of logical qubits or benchmarking
List_of_quantum_processors
Lab instrument
The Qubit fluorometer is a laboratory instrument developed and distributed by Invitrogen, which is now a part of Thermo Fisher. It is used for the quantification
Qubit_fluorometer
Type of superconducting quantum bit
operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the flux qubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits
Phase_qubit
Quantum error correction code
structure defined by its stabilizers. However, stabilizers for a n-qubit code are n-qubit Pauli operators instead of classical n-bit strings, and they must
Stabilizer_code
Principle of quantum mechanics
equation governing that system. An example is a qubit used in quantum information processing. A qubit state is most generally a superposition of the basis
Quantum_superposition
Quantum computing company
Zagoskin was a postdoctoral fellow. The company name refers to their first qubit designs, which used d-wave superconductors. D-Wave operated from various
D-Wave_Systems
Criteria for a usable quantum computer
quantum devices. Some of these proposals involve using superconducting qubits, trapped ions, liquid and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, or optical
DiVincenzo's_criteria
Networks connecting quantum processors
the transmission of information in the form of quantum bits, also called qubits, between physically separated quantum processors. A quantum processor is
Quantum_network
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Quantum algorithm for integer factorization
beating classical computers may require quantum computers with millions of qubits due to the overhead caused by quantum error correction. Shor proposed multiple
Shor's_algorithm
Superconducting qubit architecture
In quantum computing, the fluxonium is a type of superconducting qubit architecture used for gate-based quantum computation that is insensitive to offset
Fluxonium
"Highly entangled" quantum state of 3 or more qubits
quantum state that involves at least three subsystems (particle states, qubits, or qudits). Named for the three authors that first described this state
Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state
Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger_state
1,121-qubit quantum processor by IBM
IBM Condor is a 1,121-qubit quantum processor created by IBM, unveiled during the IBM Quantum Summit 2023, which occurred on December 4, 2023. It is the
IBM_Condor
Proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer based on Schrödinger cat states
A cat qubit quantum computer is one proposed approach to a large-scale quantum computer based on Schrödinger cat states. Cat states are superpositions
Cat_qubit_quantum_computer
Type of quantum computer built out of Rydberg atoms
demonstrate a 48 logical qubit processor. To perform computation, the atoms are first trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Qubits are then encoded in the
Neutral_atom_quantum_computer
Model of quantum computing
initializations of qubits to known values, and possibly other actions. The minimum set of actions that a circuit needs to be able to perform on the qubits to enable
Quantum_circuit
Mechanism in quantum computing
two qubits, the phase of the second (target) qubit is conditioned on the state of the first (control) qubit. Because the phase of the second qubit is being
Phase_kickback
introduces a global phase e i φ {\displaystyle e^{i\varphi }} to the whole qubit quantum state. A quantum state is uniquely defined up to a phase. Because
List_of_quantum_logic_gates
Information held in the state of a quantum system
which are based on the quantum bit "qubit". Qubit is somewhat analogous to the bit in classical computation. Qubits can be in a 1 or 0 quantum state, or
Quantum_information
Cloud quantum computing platform
computing. IBM's quantum processors are made up of superconducting transmon qubits, located in dilution refrigerators at the IBM Research headquarters at the
IBM_Quantum_Platform
Computational benchmark
superconducting qubits. In early January 2018, Intel announced a similar hardware program. In October 2017, IBM demonstrated the simulation of 56 qubits on a classical
Quantum_supremacy
Quantum logic gate
register consisting of 2 qubits. The CNOT gate flips the second qubit (the target qubit) if and only if the first qubit (the control qubit) is | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle
Controlled_NOT_gate
Type of quantum computer
Chetan Nayak proposed a quantum Hall device that would realize a topological qubit. In 2005 Vladimir J. Goldman, Fernando E. Camino, and Wei Zhou claimed to
Topological_quantum_computer
Quantum state, of opposed conditions
six-photon entanglement, eight-photon entanglement, and five-photon ten-qubit cat state. This spin up/down formulation was proposed by David Bohm, who
Cat_state
length of over 60 two-qubit gates, 11 fully connected qubits, 55 addressable pairs, one-qubit gate error of <0.03% and two-qubit gate error of <1.0%. On
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Foundational object in quantum communication theory
information. An example of quantum information is the general dynamics of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over
Quantum_channel
Model of computation
In quantum information, the one clean qubit model of computation is performed an n {\displaystyle n} qubit system with one pure state and n − 1 {\displaystyle
One_clean_qubit
Generalization of quantum field theory
A qubit field theory is a quantum field theory in which the canonical commutation relations involved in the quantisation of pairs of observables are relaxed
Qubit_field_theory
Quantum computing algorithm
to simulate classically. A variety of qubit magic state distillation routines and distillation routines for qubits with various advantages have been proposed
Magic_state_distillation
Quantum computing chip
The Willow processor is a 105-qubit superconducting quantum computing processor developed by Google Quantum AI and manufactured in Santa Barbara, California
Willow_processor
Quantum key distribution protocol
the states of the qubits. Also, after Bob has received the qubits, we know that Eve cannot be in possession of a copy of the qubits sent to Bob, by the
BB84
Algorithmic Qubits (AQ) are an application based benchmark of quantum computers. Introduced by IonQ in 2020, the goal was to define a "single number figure
Algorithmic_qubits
Two-bit quantum communication protocol
classical bits of information by only transmitting a smaller number of qubits, under the assumption of sender and receiver pre-sharing an entangled resource
Superdense_coding
Deterministic quantum algorithm
.} Next, we will have each qubit go through a Hadamard gate. The total transformation over all n {\displaystyle n} qubits can be expressed with the following
Deutsch–Jozsa_algorithm
Programming language for quantum algorithms
Qubits as topological qubits. The quantum simulator that is shipped with the Quantum Development Kit today is capable of processing up to 32 qubits on
Q_Sharp
Procedure in quantum information science
science used for error detection in quantum qubits. A parity measurement checks the equality of two qubits to return a true or false answer, which can
Parity_measurement
Type of error correction in quantum computing
protect a logical qubit from any arbitrary single qubit error. In this code, 5 physical qubits are used to encode the logical qubit. With X {\displaystyle
Five-qubit error correcting code
Five-qubit_error_correcting_code
India's first full stack quantum computer
the India's first full stack quantum computer. It is a 25 superconducting qubits quantum computer developed by the Banglore based startup company QpiAI.
QpiAI-Indus
Algorithm in quantum information theory
cooling is an algorithmic method for transferring heat (or entropy) from some qubits to others or outside the system and into the environment, which results
Algorithmic_cooling
Interdisciplinary research area
sometimes called quantum-enhanced machine learning. QML algorithms use qubits and quantum operations to try to improve the space and time complexity of
Quantum_machine_learning
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
quantum computer, that uses the spin states of nuclei within molecules as qubits. The quantum states are probed through the nuclear magnetic resonances,
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Quantum error correcting code
(GKP) code is a quantum error correcting code that encodes logical qubits into the continuous degrees of freedom of a quantum system. It is named
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
qubit of information on a photon. Quantum information science makes use of qubits as a basic resource similar to bits in classical computing. Qubits are
Time-bin_encoding
Extra bits in computing paradigms
terms of ancilla qubits, that can be used for example in quantum error correction. One notable example for the use of ancilla qubits in quantum computing
Ancilla_bit
Computational complexity class of problems
such that For all n ∈ N {\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} } , Qn takes n qubits as input and outputs 1 bit For all x in L, P r ( Q | x | ( x ) = 1 ) ≥ 2
BQP
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
string of qubits that perfectly correlates with what Bob measured in the opposite table. Her chance of generating a matching string of qubits will decrease
Quantum_cryptography
Computer programming for quantum computers
# Put qubit `a` in a superposition cnot(a, b) # Entangle the two qubits in the Bell state m_a = measure(a) # Measure qubit `a`, collapsing qubit `b` as
Quantum_programming
Change of basis applied in quantum computing
controlled phase shift gates, where n {\displaystyle n} is the number of qubits. This can be compared with the classical discrete Fourier transform, which
Quantum_Fourier_transform
Unit of information in a quantum computer
higher-dimensional systems. A qudit, characterized by d = 2 states is a qubit. Qudits with d states greater than 2 can provide a larger Hilbert space
Qudit
Simulators of quantum mechanical systems
can engineer and control interactions among hundreds of quantum bits (qubits). Previous endeavors were unable to go beyond 30 quantum bits. The capability
Quantum_simulator
Quantum search algorithm
register with n = ⌈ log 2 N ⌉ {\displaystyle n=\lceil \log _{2}N\rceil } qubits. This is often written as U ω | x ⟩ = ( − 1 ) f ( x ) | x ⟩ . {\displaystyle
Grover's_algorithm
Principle in quantum information theory
{\displaystyle |z-\rangle _{B}} . To transmit "1", Alice does nothing to her qubit. Bob creates many copies of his electron's state, and measures the spin
No-communication_theorem
Computing company founded in 2014
This architecture supports all-to-all qubit connectivity, allowing entangled states to be created between all qubits, and enables a high fidelity of quantum
Quantinuum
16-element matrix group
The single-qubit Pauli group is a 16-element matrix group, consisting of the 4 Pauli matrices each with 4 possible phase factors. The n-qubit Pauli group
Pauli_group
Theorem in quantum information science
use the controlled NOT gate and the Walsh–Hadamard gate to entangle two qubits without violating the no-cloning theorem as no well-defined state may be
No-cloning_theorem
Definition of quantum circuits
Clifford group, a set of mathematical transformations which normalize the n-qubit Pauli group, i.e., map tensor products of Pauli matrices to tensor products
Clifford_gate
Quantum Mechanics in Neural Networks
structure intakes input from one layer of qubits, and passes that input onto another layer of qubits. This layer of qubits evaluates this information and passes
Quantum_neural_network
156-qubit quantum processor by IBM
IBM Heron is a 156-qubit tunable-coupler quantum processor created by IBM, originally unveiled during the IBM Quantum Summit 2023, which occurred on December
IBM_Heron
Theorem in quantum information theory
and computation, the Solovay–Kitaev theorem says that if a set of single-qubit quantum gates generates a dense subgroup of SU(2), then that set can be
Solovay–Kitaev_theorem
Algorithm to be run on quantum computers
input qubits and terminates with a measurement. A quantum circuit consists of simple quantum gates, each of which acts on some finite number of qubits. Quantum
Quantum_algorithm
Australian quantum computing technology company
quantum computing company developing quantum computers based on silicon spin qubits. The company was founded in 2022 as a spin-out from Australian university
Diraq
Entangled state of qubits
a type of highly entangled state of multiple qubits. Cluster states are generated in lattices of qubits with Ising type interactions. A cluster C is a
Cluster_state
Quantum Computing company in Boston, Massachusetts
2015 at Harvard and MIT, culminating in a 51-qubit machine which later led to the development of a 256-qubit machine. On October 24, 2024, the Massachusetts
QuEra_Computing_Inc.
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} qubits must be accounted for. Each of the states of the S ( n ) {\displaystyle S(n)} qubits can be described by a two-dimensional
Quantum_complexity_theory
Topological quantum error correcting code
torus. A qubit is located on each edge of the lattice. For a d × d lattice, there are d2 horizontal edges and d2 vertical edges, thus 2d2 qubits in total
Surface_code
Form of quantum computing
model where eternal control is used to apply operations on a register of qubits, Hamiltonian quantum computers operate without external control. Hamiltonian
Hamiltonian quantum computation
Hamiltonian_quantum_computation
Forecasting rules for quantum computing
unexpected challenges and breakthroughs. Rose's law observes that the number of qubits on chips doubles roughly every 18 months. The law is often described as
Quantum computing scaling laws
Quantum_computing_scaling_laws
Technique for comparing quantum states
\rangle )} The measurement gate on the first qubit ensures that it's 0 with a probability of P ( First qubit = 0 ) = 1 2 ( ⟨ ϕ | ⟨ ψ | + ⟨ ψ | ⟨ ϕ | ) 1
Swap_test
Means of studying the interaction of light and matter
demonstrated deterministic gate teleportation and other operations on multiple qubits. The resonant devices in the circuit QED architecture can be implemented
Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
How many qubits are needed for quantum computational supremacy submitted to arXiv, the authors conclude that a QAOA circuit with 420 qubits and 500 constraints
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
Method of quantum computing
resource state, usually a cluster state or graph state, then performs single qubit measurements on it. It is "one-way" because the resource state is destroyed
One-way_quantum_computer
State invariant involving qubits
invariant involving qubits. The concurrence is an entanglement monotone (a way of measuring entanglement) defined for a mixed state of two qubits as: C ( ρ )
Concurrence (quantum computing)
Concurrence_(quantum_computing)
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
surface code would require approximately 1,000–10,000 physical qubits per logical data qubit, though more pathological error types could drastically change
Threshold_theorem
Point defect in diamonds
imaging and cellular process modeling. NV centers can also be initialized as qubits and enable the implementation of quantum algorithms and networks. It has
Nitrogen-vacancy_center
Theorem of quantum information theory
experimentally tested using nuclear magnetic resonance devices where a single qubit undergoes complete randomization; i.e., a pure state transforms to a random
No-hiding_theorem
Superconducting circuit element
computing, and in circuit quantum electrodynamics to create superconducting qubits. In 1962, British physicist Brian Josephson predicted the Josephson effect:
Josephson_junction
Code used in quantum error correction
In quantum computing, the Shor code or Shor nine qubit code is a foundational code in quantum error correction that protects quantum information against
Shor_code
several technologies as candidates for reliable qubit implementations. Superconducting quantum computing (qubit implemented by the state of nonlinear resonant
List of proposed quantum registers
List_of_proposed_quantum_registers
conditioning. The choice of whether to measure a qubit before, after, or during an operation conditioned on that qubit will have no observable effect on a circuit's
Deferred measurement principle
Deferred_measurement_principle
2021 quantum processor by IBM
IBM Eagle is a 127-qubit quantum processor. IBM claims that it can not be simulated by any classical computer. It is two times bigger than China's Jiuzhang
IBM_Eagle
Code for quantum correction
correct for both qubit flip errors (X errors) and phase flip errors (Z errors). The Steane code encodes one logical qubit in 7 physical qubits and is able
Steane_code
Quantum Computing company
qubits. Microsoft and Atom Computing announced in late 2024 that they had been collaborating on a commercial quantum computer that has logical qubits
Atom_Computing
Universal reversible logic gate, applied in quantum computing
There is also a quantum-computing version where the bits are replaced by qubits. The truth table and permutation matrix are as follows (the permutation
Toffoli_gate
Entangled 3-qubit quantum state
The W state is an entangled quantum state of three qubits which in the bra-ket notation has the following shape | W ⟩ = 1 3 ( | 001 ⟩ + | 010 ⟩ + | 100
W_state
Quantum algorithm
.} Another Hadamard transform is applied to each qubit which makes it so that for qubits where s i = 1 {\displaystyle s_{i}=1} , its state is converted
Bernstein–Vazirani_algorithm
Control technique for improving qubit coherence in quantum computing
coherence times of qubits. Periodic repetition of suitable high-order DD sequences may be employed to engineer a 'stroboscopic saturation' of qubit coherence,
Dynamical_decoupling
QUBIT
QUBIT
QUBIT
QUBIT
Male
Croatian
, rejoicing.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a noisy or boisterous person, from Middle High German pral ‘noise’.English : habitational name from Prawle in Devon, probably named with Old English prÄw ‘lookout’ + hyll ‘hill’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dalton.
Boy/Male
English Latin American
Conquering.
Female
Scottish
Older form of Scottish Diorbhail, DIORBHORGUIL means "true testimony."
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Friend
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of Vedas
Boy/Male
Bengali, Finnish, Gujarati, Indian, Sanskrit
Extremely
Girl/Female
Indian
Perceptive or consciousness or life or excellent intelligence, Power of intellect or alert
Biblical
unleavened
QUBIT
QUBIT
QUBIT
QUBIT
QUBIT