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Fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales
Quantum foam (also known as spacetime foam, or spacetime bubble) is a theoretical quantum fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to quantum
Quantum_foam
Topological structure in loop quantum gravity
of quantum gravity. These structures are employed in loop quantum gravity as a version of quantum foam. The covariant formulation of loop quantum gravity
Spin_foam
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
called spin foam theory. The most well-developed theory that has been advanced as a direct result of loop quantum gravity is called loop quantum cosmology
Loop_quantum_gravity
American theoretical physicist (1911–2008)
completely collapsed objects predicted by general relativity. He also coined "quantum foam", "neutron moderator", "wormhole" and "it from bit", and hypothesized
John_Archibald_Wheeler
Form of matter
closed-cell foam. Foam can also refer to something that is analogous to foam, such as quantum foam. Liquid foams can be used in fire retardant foam, such as
Foam
Theory in theoretical physics
of the string coupling constant. This conjecture was interpreted in Quantum Foam and Topological Strings, by Amer Iqbal, Nikita Nekrasov, Andrei Okounkov
Topological_string_theory
Description of gravity using discrete values
Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-393-07948-7. Zee, Anthony (2010). Quantum Field Theory in
Quantum_gravity
Random change in the energy inside a volume
microwave background False vacuum Hawking radiation Quantum annealing Quantum foam Stochastic quantum mechanics Vacuum energy Vacuum polarization Virtual
Quantum_fluctuation
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
Supersymmetric quantum mechanics adds the SUSY superalgebra to quantum mechanics as opposed to quantum field theory. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics often
Supersymmetry
Hypothetical approach to quantum gravity with emergent spacetime
manifold Spin foam Notes Loll, Renate (2019). "Quantum gravity from causal dynamical triangulations: a review". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 37 (1):
Causal dynamical triangulation
Causal_dynamical_triangulation
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
relativity and quantum mechanics was put forth by Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind in their ER = EPR conjecture. The quantum foam hypothesis is sometimes
Wormhole
Argument in geometry of surfaces
geometrodynamic description of quantum mechanics, the small-scale structure of spacetime is described as a quantum foam whose connectivities are not obvious
Rolling_ball_argument
Concept in cosmology
vacuum energy density much smaller than a zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory? More unsolved problems in physics In cosmology, the cosmological
Cosmological_constant_problem
Extension of quantum field theory to curved spacetime
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime (QFTCS) is an extension of quantum field theory from Minkowski spacetime to a general
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
Quantum_field_theory_in_curved_spacetime
Hypothetical physical concept
combined relativity and quantum mechanics and, working with other physicists, developed quantum electrodynamics that combines quantum mechanics and electromagnetism
Theory_of_everything
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
2006.05.003. Wheeler, John Archibald (2000). Geons, Black Holes and Quantum Foam. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 268–270. ISBN 0-393-31991-1. Deutsch, David
Many-worlds_interpretation
Black holes appearing from quantum spacetime fluctuations
spacetime. It is an example of quantum foam and is the gravitational analog of the virtual electron–positron pairs found in quantum electrodynamics. Theoretical
Virtual_black_hole
American physicist, writer, and Nobel Laureate (born 1940)
interested in the origin of classical space and time from the quantum foam of quantum gravity theory.[citation needed] In 1973, Thorne co-authored Gravitation
Kip_Thorne
In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field
History of quantum field theory
History_of_quantum_field_theory
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
ISBN 978-0-226-87029-8. Wheeler, John; Ford, Kenneth (1998), Geons, Black Holes, & Quantum Foam: a life in physics, New York: W. W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-31991-0 Rindler
General_relativity
Model for the origin of the universe
The main idea behind the quantum theory of a Big Bounce is that, as density approaches infinity, the behavior of quantum foam changes. All the so-called
Big_Bounce
Theories trying to extend known physics
direction are supersymmetry, loop quantum gravity, and String theory. Theories of quantum gravity such as loop quantum gravity and others are thought by
Physics beyond the Standard Model
Physics_beyond_the_Standard_Model
Speed of electromagnetic waves
McGraw-Hill. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-07-232101-2. Ng, Y. J. (2004). "Quantum Foam and Quantum Gravity Phenomenology". In Amelino-Camelia, G; Kowalski-Glikman
Speed_of_light
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
disciplines, including quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe
Quantum_mechanics
2023 studio album by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
preorders came in "Capybara Baby", "Crystal Ball", "Flying Spirit" and "Quantum Foam" editions, while the 2LP versions came in "Ancient Light", "Shadow on
The Silver Cord (King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard album)
The_Silver_Cord_(King_Gizzard_&_the_Lizard_Wizard_album)
Quantum field theory with a Lie group base manifold
as loop quantum gravity, the spin foam formalism and causal dynamical triangulation. Its perturbative expansion can be interpreted as spin foams and simplicial
Group_field_theory
Wave held together through gravitational attraction
matter. Black hole electron Edwin Power Geometrodynamics Kugelblitz Quantum foam Wheeler, J. A. (January 1955). "Geons". Physical Review. 97 (2): 511–536
Geon_(physics)
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
Casimir effect Ground state Lamb shift QED vacuum QCD vacuum Quantum fluctuation Quantum foam Scalar field Time crystal Topological order Unruh effect Vacuum
Zero-point_energy
Unsolved problem in physics
been a delicate cancellation between the fundamental quantity and the quantum corrections. Hierarchy problems are related to fine-tuning problems and
Hierarchy_problem
Japanese neutrino observatory
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Super-Kamiokande
Topics referred to by the same term
average value in a quantum vacuum Vacuum energy, an underlying background energy in a quantum vacuum Quantum fluctuation Quantum foam Quantum vacuum thruster
Quantum vacuum (disambiguation)
Quantum_vacuum_(disambiguation)
Theory of gravity
toward the resolution of incompatibilities between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Shape dynamics is dynamically equivalent to the canonical formulation
Shape_dynamics
Formulation of general relativity
In physics, canonical quantum gravity is an attempt to quantize the canonical formulation of general relativity (or canonical gravity). It is a Hamiltonian
Canonical_quantum_gravity
Complete absence of anything; the opposite of everything
Don (16 February 2023). ""Nothing" doesn't exist. Instead, there is "quantum foam" - When you combine the Uncertainty Principle with Einstein's famous
Nothing
Everything in space and time
S2CID 119067072. Wheeler, John Archibald (2010). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-07948-7. Archived
Universe
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
11. Wheeler, John Archibald (18 June 2010). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-07948-7. Kersting
Albert_Einstein
Comprehensive physical model
possible due to the energy scale dependence of force coupling parameters in quantum field theory called renormalization group "running", which allows parameters
Grand_Unified_Theory
Violation of charge-parity symmetry in particle physics and cosmology
T-symmetry. In this theorem, regarded as one of the basic principles of quantum field theory, charge conjugation, parity, and time reversal are applied
CP_violation
Laws in physics about force and motion
OCLC 1202475208. Wheeler, John Archibald (18 June 2010). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-07948-7. Kersting
Newton's_laws_of_motion
2007 studio album by Planet X
Quantum is the third studio album by instrumental rock/progressive metal supergroup Planet X, released in 2007 through Inside Out Music. Guitarist Allan
Quantum_(album)
American physicist (1919-2000)
realm of the possible. — John Archibald Wheeler, Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics, pp. 257-258. The whole gravitational wave community
Joseph_Weber
Physical quantities taking values at each point in space and time
Wesley Longman. John Archibald Wheeler (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. London: Norton. p. 163. ISBN 9780393046427. Richard
Field_(physics)
Principle in theoretical physics
Entropic gravity Implicate and explicate order Quantum speed limit theorems Physical cosmology Quantum foam except in the case of measurements, which the
Holographic_principle
1995 book by Kirill Eskov
cosmological constraints, namely that the origin of the Universe came from a quantum foam bubble in another eternal empty Universe; the translator later published
The_Gospel_of_Afranius
Creation of particle-antiparticle pair from a neutral boson
Hawking radiation. According to quantum mechanics, particle pairs are constantly appearing and disappearing as a quantum foam. In a region of strong gravitational
Pair_production
Approach to quantum gravity using discrete spacetime
The causal sets program is an approach to quantum gravity. Its founding principles are that spacetime is fundamentally discrete (a collection of discrete
Causal_sets
German technology company
with production starting in 2018. As Quantum-Systems' flagship UAV, it has three VTOL pitch-shift propellers, a foam fuselage, and modular payload systems
Quantum_Systems
Open question in particle physics
is not associated with an independent mass, but instead is a mixture (quantum superposition) of all three mass eigenstates. Mathematically, the flavor
Neutrino_mass_hierarchy
1952 American nuclear bomb test
Ford, Kenneth; Wheeler, John Archibald (2010). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 227. ISBN 9780393079487. Retrieved
Ivy_Mike
Condensed matter physics model involving only closed loops
studied in loop quantum gravity. This has led to the proposal by Levin and Wen, and Smolin, Markopoulou and Konopka that loop quantum gravity's spin networks
String-net_liquid
American physicist (1926–2025)
and Quantum Foam, published in 1998. In 1999, this book won an American Institute of Physics Science Writing Prize. There followed The Quantum World
Kenneth_W._Ford
Attempt to find a consistent theory of quantum gravity
renormalizability) is a concept in quantum field theory which aims at finding a consistent and predictive quantum theory of the gravitational field. Its
Asymptotic_safety
Physics laboratory in Assergi, Italy
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Laboratori_Nazionali_del_Gran_Sasso
Unified field theory
classical theory of Kaluza described above, and then departed into Klein's quantum interpretation. Klein solved a Schrödinger-like wave equation using an
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Hypothetical model through which W and Z bosons acquire mass
and Z bosons acquire masses. Early technicolor theories were modelled on quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the "color" theory of the strong nuclear force, which
Technicolor_(physics)
1938 achievement in physics
Wheeler, John Archibald; Ford, Kenneth (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-04642-7
Discovery_of_nuclear_fission
quasinormal mode no-cloning theorem quantum entanglement spinor, spinor group, spinor bundle Dirac sea Spin foam Poincaré group gamma matrices Dirac adjoint
List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory
Theory of fundamental physics
known as the BEC vacuum theory, is an approach in theoretical physics and quantum mechanics where the fundamental physical vacuum (non-removable background)
Superfluid_vacuum_theory
Hypothetical force carrier particle connected to dark matter
presence of signal photon in the cavity is to amplify the cavity field with a quantum limited amplifier. This method is prevalent in the search for axion dark
Dark_photon
Gone Bad" Yogurt — July 24, 2002 (2002-07-24) EA1F04 605 "Egg Files V: Quantum Foam" Soufflé Soufflé, oven August 7, 2002 (2002-08-07) EA1F05 606 "Tomato
List_of_Good_Eats_episodes
John Archibald; Ford, Kenneth William (1998). Geons, black holes, and quantum foam: a life in physics. New York: Norton. pp. 342–343. Costa de Beauregard
Olivier_Costa_de_Beauregard
Underground laboratory in Ontario, Canada
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Sudbury_Neutrino_Observatory
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
natural way. Like all covariant approaches to quantum gravity, supergravity contains a spin-2 field whose quantum is the graviton. Supersymmetry requires the
Supergravity
American scientist (1930–1982)
Shikhovtsev's Biography of Everett John Archibald Wheeler, Geons, Black Holes & Quantum Foam, ISBN 0-393-31991-1. pp. 268–270 Interview: Parallel lives can never
Hugh_Everett_III
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
May 17, 1980). Wheeler, John Archibald (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-04642-7. Irwin, Harvey
Parapsychology
Particle physics theory
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Split_supersymmetry
Phenomenon in which a neutrino changes lepton flavor as it travels
Neutrino oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which a neutrino created with a specific lepton family number ("lepton flavor": electron, muon
Neutrino_oscillation
Quantum description of black holes
fuzzballs and that Hawking radiation originating within the Planck-scale quantum foam just above a fuzzball's surface is subtly encoded with that information
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Mathematics of a particle physics model
The Standard Model of particle physics is a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Quantum physics thought experiment
& Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics, by John Archibald Wheeler with Kenneth Ford, W.W. Norton & Co., 1998, p. 337 Greenstein and Zajonc, The Quantum Challenge
Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment
Wheeler's_delayed-choice_experiment
American nuclear physicist (1902–1974)
S2CID 153838514. Wheeler, John Archibald (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393046427. Wikiquote
Edward_Condon
Season of television series
2013 (2013-01-03) 3X7612 19.25 Alex invites Leonard to Kip Thorne's lecture on quantum foam, but he declines due to a date with Penny. Alex suggests discussing the
The_Big_Bang_Theory_season_6
Comparison of a wide range of lengths
Gravitational singularity 10−36 10−33 ℓP Fixed value (not a range). Quantum foam, string 10−18 10−15 am Proton, neutron, pion Atomic to cellular 10−15
Orders_of_magnitude_(length)
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
virtual-particle exchange Zero-energy universe Vacuum Rabi oscillation Quantum foam Virtual black hole Added mass "Far" in terms of ratio of antenna length
Virtual_particle
(1939), p. 94. Wheeler, John Archibald (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 84. ISBN 9780393079487
Bancroft Literary Association and Carrollton-Wight Literary Society
Bancroft_Literary_Association_and_Carrollton-Wight_Literary_Society
Defunct American particle accelerator at Fermilab in Illinois (1983–2011)
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Tevatron
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
Wheeler, John Archibald; Ford, Kenneth (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04642-7. Wikimedia
S-50_(Manhattan_Project)
Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
Wheeler, John Archibald; Ford, Kenneth (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04642-7. Wikimedia
K-25
French physicist
physicist known mainly for his contributions to quantum gravity, including loop quantum gravity, spin foam models, doubly special relativity, group field
Laurent_Freidel
Aspect of loop quantum gravity
In the spin-foam formalism, the Barrett–Crane model, which was for a while the most promising state-sum model of 4D Lorentzian quantum gravity, was based
Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity
Lorentz_invariance_in_loop_quantum_gravity
Times of a Technological Fixer 1994 John Wheeler Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics 1998 Maurice Wilkins Maurice Wilkins: The Third Man
List_of_autobiographies
Simplest supersymmetric extension to the Standard Model
hierarchy problem. The Higgs boson mass of the Standard Model is unstable to quantum corrections and the theory predicts that weak scale should be much weaker
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Minimal_Supersymmetric_Standard_Model
Comic series (2012–2016)
film the murders and escaped in the chaos, and Riptide notices that the quantum foam from the ship's engines threatens a nearby planet. As Nightbeat discovers
The Transformers: More than Meets the Eye
The_Transformers:_More_than_Meets_the_Eye
American physicist and diplomat (1898–1986)
Wheeler, John Archibald; Ford, Kenneth (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04642-7. Young
Henry_DeWolf_Smyth
Finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity
Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) is a finite, symmetry-reduced model of loop quantum gravity (LQG) that predicts a "quantum bridge" between contracting and
Loop_quantum_cosmology
Description of gauge theories using loop operators
objects such as Wilson loops and holonomies. The loop representation is a quantum hamiltonian representation of gauge theories in terms of loops. The aim
Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity
Loop_representation_in_gauge_theories_and_quantum_gravity
Very-high-energy photon telescope in the Canary Islands, Spain
have suggested that the delay could be explained by the presence of quantum foam, the irregular structure of which might slow down photons by minuscule
MAGIC_(telescope)
Depictions of a spatial anomaly
(August 19, 2016). "A new 'Einstein' equation suggests wormholes hold key to quantum gravity". Science News. Retrieved September 8, 2018. Einstein, A.; Rosen
Wormholes_in_fiction
British theoretical physicist
the basics of quantum mechanics and the measurement process. Together with Walter Strunz, he suggested the properties of the quantum foam at the Planck
Ian_C._Percival
John Baez: mathematical physicist who introduced the notion of spin foam in loop quantum gravity (a term originally introduced by Wheeler). Julian Barbour:
List of quantum gravity researchers
List_of_quantum_gravity_researchers
(1939), p. 287. Wheeler, John Archibald (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 84. ISBN 9780393046427
List of Baltimore City College alumni
List_of_Baltimore_City_College_alumni
Theory extending Einstein gravity
alternatives to general relativity. It has been suggested that consistency with quantum chromodynamics requires these additional quadratic terms. The theory was
Quadratic_gravity
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
particles to be written in terms of a single physical field. According to quantum field theory, particles are themselves the quanta of fields. Different
Unified_field_theory
Italian theoretical physicist and writer (born 1956)
"spin foam" version of loop quantum gravity. In 2008, in collaboration with Jonathan Engle and Roberto Pereira, he has introduced the spin foam vertex
Carlo_Rovelli
Book
An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam by John Archibald Wheeler and Kenneth Ford The Fabric of Reality by David
The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing
The_Oxford_Book_of_Modern_Science_Writing
Problem in supersymmetric theory
dimensions Quantum gravity False vacuum String theory Spin foam Quantum foam Quantum geometry Loop quantum gravity Quantum cosmology Loop quantum cosmology
Supersymmetry_breaking
American mathematical physicist (b. 1961)
Riverside (UCR) in Riverside, California. He has worked on spin foams in loop quantum gravity, applications of higher categories to physics, and applied
John_C._Baez
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction. The theory, based on string theory, black hole physics, and quantum information
Entropic_gravity
Theory of quantum gravity
gravity) is a theory of quantum gravity proposed by Petr Hořava in 2009. It solves the problem of different concepts of time in quantum field theory and general
Hořava–Lifshitz_gravity
Collection of piano pieces by Gustavo Díaz-Jerez
a Antonio Soler 5' No No Orahan 5' No No Stheno 6'45 Yes No Book II Quantum foam 3' Yes No Succubus 4'30 Yes No Rule 110 2'30 No No Hommage à Horațiu
Metaludios_(piano)
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