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Forced return of refugees and immigrants
In migration, pushback is "a set of state measures by which refugees and migrants are forced back over a border – generally immediately after they crossed
Pushback_(migration)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up pushback in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pushback may refer to: Pushback (aviation), a vehicle for towing airplanes Pushback (migration), any
Pushback
Theory of human migration
In demography, replacement migration is a theory of migration needed for a region to achieve a particular objective (demographic, economic or social).
Replacement_migration
Movement of people for their benefit
another (external migration), but internal migration (within a single country) is the dominant form of human migration globally. Migration is often associated
Human_migration
This is a list of countries and territories by net migration rate, the difference between the number of people entering and leaving a country during the
List of countries by net migration rate
List_of_countries_by_net_migration_rate
Return to country of citizenship
Return migration or remigration is the migration of a people back to their country of citizenship, in line with the right of return. Research topics include
Return_migration
Difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants divided by population
The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (people coming into an area) and the number of emigrants (people leaving an
Net_migration_rate
Large-scale migration of people
Mass migration refers to the migration of large groups of people moves from one geographical area to another. Mass migration is distinguished from individual
Mass_migration
Return of a thing or person to their country
Redpath-Cross (eds.), Glossary on Migration, Second Edition, International Organisation for Migration, International Migration Law, No. 25, Geneva, 2011. Universal
Repatriation
Movement of people into another country or region to which they are not native
destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration—though an individual could overstay a travel visa and become an immigrant
Immigration
Coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region
group is being considered for merging. › Forced displacement (also forced migration or forced relocation) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person
Forced_displacement
Efforts by countries to prevent migrants reaching their borders
leading to a relaxation on Mexico's control of irregular transits. Pushback (migration) Detention centres in Libya Protests at UNHCR humanitarian center
Externalization_(migration)
Refers to perceived or actual relationships between crime and immigration
of the factors contributing to these trends include imprisonment for migration-related offenses and systemic bias in policing and judicial processes
Immigration_and_crime
Process of human migration
Chain migration is the social process by which immigrants from a particular area follow others from that area to a particular destination. The destination
Chain_migration
Pushback of migrants and refugees
pushbacks also entail the risk that the small boats could be run over by larger vessels unaware of their presence. After the 2016 EU–Turkey migration
Pushbacks_by_Greece
Generational status of immigrants and their descendants
and Second Generations in the United States" (PDF). The International Migration Review. 38 (3): 1160–1205. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00232.x. JSTOR 27645429
Immigrant_generations
Entry into a country without any legal right
Illegal immigration is the migration of people into a country in violation of that country's immigration laws, including unauthorized entry or continued
Illegal_immigration
University Press, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 40–66 Tanya Birrell (1978), 'Migration and the Dilemmas of Multiculturalism,' in Robert Birrell and Colin Hay
Criticism_of_multiculturalism
Child with birthright citizenship who helps relatives immigrate
remain Migration diplomacy Net migration rate list New Pact on Migration and Asylum EU Non-refoulement Permanent residency Population transfer Pushback Refugee
Anchor_baby
underprivileged natives. Studies suggest that the elimination of barriers to migration would have profound effects on world GDP, with estimates of gains ranging
Economic effects of immigration
Economic_effects_of_immigration
number of weapons were also confiscated from the refugee boats. Pushback (migration) "Operation Thunderstorm (1975)". www.mindef.gov.sg. Archived from
Operation_Thunderstorm
Topics referred to by the same term
Bishop Pullback, an opening in the game of shogi The opposite of a pushback (migration) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Pull_back_(disambiguation)
Management of cross-border population mobility
strategic use of migration flows as a means to obtain other aims, and the use of diplomatic methods to achieve goals related to migration.' Migration has come
Migration_diplomacy
Moving refugees to cause political issues
executed using dislocated civilians. Migration coercion is the utilization, or threatens to utilize, migration as an instrument to induce behavioral
Weaponized_migration
Emigration of highly skilled or well-educated individuals
mixed. Research also suggests that emigration, remittances and return migration can have a positive effect on democratization and on the quality of political
Human_capital_flight
View that people may live in any country
Free migration or open immigration is the position that people should be able to migrate to whatever country they choose with few restrictions. Through
Free_migration
Aspect of Cuban-American history
the almost ten-year effort simply as the "Latin Park," and faced some pushback from non-Cuban residents. The park was unanimously approved by the Miami
Cuban_migration_to_Miami
Principle of international asylum law
Operation Sovereign Borders. In 2014, the Australian Parliament passed the Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy
Non-refoulement
Expulsion of a person or group from a place or country
with International Organization for Migration, treats expulsion and deportation as synonyms in the context of migration, adding: "The terminology used at
Deportation
Legal right to permanent residence
remain Migration diplomacy Net migration rate list New Pact on Migration and Asylum EU Non-refoulement Permanent residency Population transfer Pushback Refugee
Right_of_abode
Travel to give birth in another country
tourism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anchor baby Economic results of migration Multiple citizenship Surrogacy "Born in the U.S.A.: Birth tourists get
Birth_tourism
Migration that is critical due to dimensions or conditions
for refugees.[citation needed] Even economic migration requires a certain level of 'wealth' as migration is always a selective process - and the poorest
Refugee_crisis
Socioeconomic integration into society
already naturalized or born as citizens, the "integration of people with a migration background" or "with an immigration history". Special cases of group-specific
Integration_of_immigrants
Juridical concept in which someone persecuted by their country may take refuge in another
Ursula von der Leyen that Poland would not implement the EU Asylum and Migration Pact, i.e. the mandatory relocation of 30,000 asylum seekers to Poland
Right_of_asylum
disuse in the 1950s. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan reacted to the mass migration of asylum seekers arriving in boats from Haiti by establishing a program
Immigration detention in the United States
Immigration_detention_in_the_United_States
Policy of protecting the interests of established inhabitants against those of immigrants
Martiniello; Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (eds.). Migration between states and Markets. Research in migration and ethnic relations series. Ashgate. pp. 19–27
Nativism_(politics)
Person applying for right of asylum
their migration officials making decisions, finding that individuals reject more applicants than others assessing similar cases—and migration officials
Asylum_seeker
Document or card required to reside in a country
territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan". The Republic of Azerbaijan State Migration Service. Retrieved 12 October 2025. "Issuance of temporary residence permit"
Residence_permit
Prime Minister of Greece (2019–2023; since 2023)
for his handling of migration, including aid from the European Union, but criticism from journalists and activists for pushbacks, which his government
Kyriakos_Mitsotakis
Movement of a large group of people from one region to another
resettlement is a type of mass migration that is often imposed by a state policy or international authority. Such mass migrations are most frequently spurred
Population_transfer
Former Director of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency
Parliament's civil liberties committee, claiming that only one incident of pushback had been reported to his Agency. In October 2020, the European Ombudsman
Fabrice_Leggeri
enacted via an amendment to the Migration Act 1958, the Migration Legislation Amendment (Excision from the Migration Zone) (Consequential Provisions)
Immigration detention in Australia
Immigration_detention_in_Australia
Displaced person
2015. Lamey 2011, pp. 232–266. "'I Can't Go Home, Stay Here, or Leave' Pushbacks and Pullbacks of Syrian Refugees from Cyprus and Lebanon". Human Rights
Refugee
towards Ukrainian refugees by Poland and urges Belarus and Poland to end pushbacks". OHCHR. Retrieved 2023-09-16. "Szczegółowe statystyki dot. osób zarejestrowanych
Demographics_of_Poland
Adjusting to a new cultural environment
for safety, navigation, and maintaining social connections during their migration journeys. However, they also introduce risks such as surveillance, misinformation
Acculturation
International law
fleeing Communism. In response to this influx, Congress established refugee migration as "distinct and separate from general immigration admissions" upon the
Refugee_law
2025 speech criticizing European leadership and policies
sharp departure from past US foreign policy rhetoric and prompted strong pushback from European leaders. Several media outlets regarded the speech as a turning
2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference
2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference
pushbacks at sea – actions that are considered illegal and dangerous. In response to the continued challenges, the EU adopted the Pact on Migration and
Mediterranean Sea migrant smuggling
Mediterranean_Sea_migrant_smuggling
Immigration
Organisation of Asylum and Migration Policies in Malta." National Report 2008 of the National Contact Point. Malta: European Migration Network. p. 11. Chapter
Immigration_detention
Drug trafficking corridor linking Southwest Asia to European markets
Drehscheibe für die Migration über die Balkanroute". Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved 2 October 2022. "Balkan-Route: Schlepperkriminalität und Pushback-Risiko" (in
Balkan_Route
1979 Thai-Cambodian border incident
The Dangrek Incident, also known as the Preah Vihear pushback, was a border incident that took place along the Dangrek Mountain Range on the Cambodia–Thailand
Dangrek_Incident
British military operation
that the Royal Navy would not be involved in the use of controversial pushback tactics, whereby migrant boats would be made to return to France, however
Operation_Isotrope
Net overseas migration increased from 30,000 in 1993 to 118,000 in 2003–04. The largest components of immigration are the skilled migration and family re-union
Immigration_by_country
26 March 2023 - IRC Harmondsworth "Immigration Detention in the UK". Migration Observatory. Retrieved 2020-07-23. Majcher, Izabella; Flynn, Michael;
Immigration detention in the United Kingdom
Immigration_detention_in_the_United_Kingdom
Practice of seeking asylum in several states
be fleeing persecution in Somalia. Asylum seeker Chain migration Economic results of migration Forum shopping Gaming the system Illegal immigration Non-refoulement
Asylum_shopping
Planned project in India
upper stretches of the Galathea River. This dam faces severe environmental pushback. The Galathea River is a critical habitat for the endangered Nicobar Megapode
Great Nicobar Island Development Project
Great_Nicobar_Island_Development_Project
Agency of the European Union tasked with external border control
states with Frontex complicity in some cases have been responsible for pushback of almost 40,000 asylum seekers, resulting in 2,000 deaths, in violation
Frontex
Sinking in the Ionian Sea off the Greek coast
June in solidarity with the refugees and against pushbacks and border fences intended to control migration. On 18 July, the Greek Archaeological Society
2023 Pylos migrant boat disaster
2023_Pylos_migrant_boat_disaster
Chilean anthropologist and political scientist (born 1989)
transgender rights and child migration. Her decision to assume the role and preserve its existence was met with both support and pushback from various feminist
Irina_Karamanos
Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002, 2010–2026)
spearheaded plans to open a Fudan University campus in Budapest, which led to pushback in Hungary. He met with Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Politburo member
Viktor_Orbán
Measures taken to regulate the movement of goods and people across borders
sanitary and phytosanitary, or biosecurity regulations to restricting migration. While some borders (including most states' internal borders and international
Border_control
Political party in India
Retrieved 20 May 2009. Ramachandran, Sujata (15 February 2003). "'Operation Pushback' Sangh Parivar, State, Slums, and Surreptitious Bangladeshis in New Delhi"
Bharatiya_Janata_Party
Chancellor of Germany since 2025
million euros gross" per year. These statements met with a broad public pushback and sparked wider criticism in Germany. Journalists, economists and financial
Friedrich_Merz
Being opposed to non-citizens entering another country
would be «a need to step up operational co-operation to prevent irregular migration and promote returns and to strengthen national measures and international
Opposition_to_immigration
Type of small convenience store in New York City
Fortinsky, Sarah (April 17, 2026). "Mamdani's city-run grocery plan draws pushback from local bodegas, supermarkets". The Hill. Gonella, Catalina; KimShare
Bodega
1920s African-American cultural movement
normative sexuality and sexism in American society. These ideas received some pushback, particularly regarding sexual freedom for women, which was seen as confirming
Harlem_Renaissance
remain Migration diplomacy Net migration rate list New Pact on Migration and Asylum EU Non-refoulement Permanent residency Population transfer Pushback Refugee
Immigrant_surveillance
National government policies
Adjudication: Reclaiming Epistemic Justice for Gender-Based Asylum Seekers". Migration, Recognition and Critical Theory. Studies in Global Justice. Vol. 21.
Immigration_law
coalition of over 12 organizations whose stated goal is "documenting illegal pushbacks & police violence by EU [European Union] member state authorities in the
Border Violence Monitoring Network
Border_Violence_Monitoring_Network
Terrorist attack in Sydney, Australia
February 2026. Issa, Antoun (16 December 2025). "Jewish Council urges 'pushback' against divisive rhetoric after Bondi attack". Deepcut News. Archived
2025_Bondi_Beach_shooting
American government policy since 2025
roughly 540,000. The use of deportation flights by the U.S. has created pushback from some foreign governments, particularly that of Colombia. The total
Deportation in the second Trump administration
Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration
Concept in sociology relating to the intergenerational effects of immigration
the acculturation gap hypothesis needs further testing. Furthermore, migration and work add to family stresses. Immigrants parents in the United States
Acculturation_gap
Migrants | Hotlines' Annual Report on Detention Reveals: Israel Attempted a Pushback and Detained a Sudanese Family with Three Children". Retrieved 5 January
Sudanese_in_Israel
Australian politician (born 1982)
"Charlie Kirk, Andrew Hastie and the 'Christian' West: Some Christian pushback". johnmenadue.com. Retrieved 7 October 2025. "These three with their dog-whistling
Andrew_Hastie
Expulsion of Italians from Libya
Albahari, Maurizio (2015). "Genealogies of Rescue and Pushbacks". Crimes of Peace: Mediterranean Migrations at the World's Deadliest Border. University of Pennsylvania
1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
1970_expulsion_of_Italians_from_Libya
remain Migration diplomacy Net migration rate list New Pact on Migration and Asylum EU Non-refoulement Permanent residency Population transfer Pushback Refugee
List of sovereign states by immigrant and emigrant population
List_of_sovereign_states_by_immigrant_and_emigrant_population
German ironic award
on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021. "Sprachkritische Aktion: »Pushback« ist das Unwort des Jahres". Der Spiegel (in German). 12 January 2022.
Un-word_of_the_year
alleged numerous breaches of fundamental human rights which include the pushbacks of refugees on both land and ocean borders, the forced return of migrants
Greece_and_the_European_Union
2021 migrant crisis on the borders of Poland, Lithuania and Latvia with Belarus
rights organizations and academics voiced concerns over the use of migrant pushbacks by Lithuanian, Latvian and Polish border guards, the denial of the possibility
Belarus–European Union border crisis
Belarus–European_Union_border_crisis
Mexican fascist organization
Sanchez Secretary of Hacienda Gen Arturo E Valverde Secretary of Agriculture Salvador Diaz F. Chief of Migration Gen. Jose E Solares Chief Assistant
Revolutionary Mexicanist Action
Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action
European Union regulation proposal on CSAM detection
withdrawn by the EU Council, in a move that is believed to be the result of pushback by critics of the proposal including software vendors. Denmark, which assumed
Chat_Control
Political party in the United States
media as largely submissive to Trump, letting him dictate policies without pushback. Right-wing populism is the dominant political faction of the GOP. Sometimes
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Status of a person in a country
Permanent Residence in Italy: Lexia Avvocati Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs Ilgalaikis gyvenimas Wanneer heb ik recht op een verblijfsvergunning
Permanent_residency
Political party in Greece
his handling of migration, including support and aid from the European Union, but criticism from journalists and activists for pushbacks, which his government
New_Democracy_(Greece)
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S.
sources of pride and inspiration for black society as a whole. Over time, pushback and open defiance of the oppressive existing laws grew, until it reached
Jim_Crow_laws
Social incorporation of outgroups
immigrants' willingness to be integrated into the host society. Although migration is often accompanied by obstacles in the short term, such as unemployment
Social_integration
Forced relocation and ethnic cleansing of the southeastern Native American tribes
success. Sturgis writes that Jackson's removal policies were met with pushback from respectable social figures and that "many leaders of Jacksonian reform
Trail_of_Tears
President of the United States from 2021 to 2025
debate, but gave it limited coverage beforehand, in part due to harsh pushback from White House officials. Biden initially deemed himself fit to serve
Joe_Biden
2012 European Court of Human Rights case
of the case, were without doubt within Italian jurisdiction when their pushback to Libya was made. The court did not accept the description of the exercise
Case of Hirsi Jamaa and Others v. Italy
Case_of_Hirsi_Jamaa_and_Others_v._Italy
Sign language family
a result, Schembri says he and Johnston have disowned the term due to pushback from Deaf communities, concerned that it is replacing the names of each
BANZSL
into "dialects" across cultural and educational landscapes resulted in a pushback of the policy and eventually rescinded as Taiwan democratized. Prior to
Language policy in Taiwan during martial law
Language_policy_in_Taiwan_during_martial_law
Somalia-based Islamist movement
inside-ethiopia/6674783.html https://www.voanews.com/a/al-shabab-faces-pushback-in-ethiopia-s-somali-region-/6695040.html Moaswes, A. (2020). "Takfir as
Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)
Libyan holiday currently named Friendship Day
Albahari, Maurizio (2015). "Genealogies of Rescue and Pushbacks". Crimes of Peace: Mediterranean Migrations at the World's Deadliest Border. University of Pennsylvania
Day_of_Revenge
ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 February 2025. "Trump's social media video garners pushback from Arabs and Muslims in U.S. and Gaza". NPR. 26 February 2025. Archived
2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal
2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal
Gender identities outside of the gender binary
controversial, subject of safe spaces and political correctness, causing pushback and intentional misgendering by some people. Non-binary and transgender
Non-binary
Political party in the United States and Canada
Jordan Willow (July 24, 2024). "American Communist Party Launch Met with Pushback from CPUSA Clubs". Independent Political Report. Archived from the original
American Communist Party (2024)
American_Communist_Party_(2024)
and illegal actions. Migration policies were also reformed and discussed at the EU level such as the Valletta Summit on Migration which resulted in the
European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis
European_Union_response_to_the_2015_migrant_crisis
(University of New York in Prague), states that during the course of the migration crisis in Europe (2013-2016), Muslim migrants were portrayed as a security
Islamophobia_in_the_media
Diplomatic crisis between Spain and Morocco
government responded by moving security forces to the area and implementing a pushback mechanism. Most of the new arrivals were returned to Morocco within a few
2021 Morocco–Spain border incident
2021_Morocco–Spain_border_incident
Mass deportation of ethnic Georgians in Russia
Retrieved 20 February 2009. FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2007:FREEDOM STAGNATION AMID PUSHBACK AGAINST DEMOCRACY Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The
2006 deportation of Georgians from Russia
2006_deportation_of_Georgians_from_Russia
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Mythical Vehicle of Lord Vishnu
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : in part at least, probably a further Anglicization of the Irish surname Mountcashell, itself an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Maolchaisil (see Cashel 2), which was associated with Ballymulcashell in County Clare. Woulfe says that a registrar in Munster changed the name to Mountcashel c. 1840.English : in England, this name is common in Lincolnshire. While this may well be the result of migration from Ireland, the possibility of a habitational name from an unidentified place should not be ruled out.
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : habitational name from a place in Yorkshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Schipwic, from Old English scēap, scīp ‘sheep’ + wīc ‘outlying settlement’. Under later Scandinavian influence the initial ‘s’ became ‘sk’ and the second element was changed to -with (Old Norse viðr ‘wood’).The main Skipwith family held the manor of Skipwith in England in the early Middle Ages, and direct descendants can be traced to the present day. In the 13th century they moved from Yorkshire to Lincolnshire, where their principal seat was at southern Ormsby. In the early 17th century there was further migration, to Leicestershire, Warwickshire, and across the Atlantic to VA. Other bearers of the name seem to have been tenants of Lincolnshire manors held by the Skipworth family, and to have taken the surname of their overlords.
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : of uncertain origin. There is a family tradition that the name is of Low German origin; probably a variant of Warns. There was fairly extensive migration from the Low Counties to East Anglia during the Middle Ages in connection with the wool trade.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Mythical vehicle of Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Migration of the Prophet from Makkah to Madinah
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly southeastern)
English (mainly southeastern) : variant of Hook (in the occupational or topographic and habitational senses), with the addition of the agent suffix -er.Congregational clergyman Thomas Hooker (1586?–1647) sailed from England with John Cotton and Samuel Stone and arrived in Boston in 1633. He led the 1635 migration of most of his congregation to Hartford in the Connecticut Valley. Thomas is the earliest known entrant, but the name Hooker is common and was also introduced independently by others during the 17th and 18th centuries.
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
Male
Egyptian
, a surname of Menepthah I.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Travel
Girl/Female
Bengali, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Prayer; Worship
Boy/Male
Hindu
King
Girl/Female
French
Woman from Magdala.
Male
Russian
(Гора) Pet form of Russian Yegor, GORA means "earth-worker, farmer." Compare with another form of Gora.
Boy/Male
Biblical
First fruits.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Unknown
Boy/Male
British, English, Scottish
Son of John; From John's Farm
Boy/Male
Indian
Born of the Sun
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
PUSHBACK MIGRATION
n.
Migration together.
n.
The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold it party open at a fixed point.
n.
A going out; particularly (the Exodus), the going out or journey of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses; and hence, any large migration from a place.
n.
The act of passing from one country to another; migration.
n.
Reciprocal migration; interchange of dwelling place by migration.
n.
Migration back to the place from which one came.
n.
The act of migrating.
n.
A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.
n.
That which holds back, or causes to recede; a drawback; a hindrance.