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Alternative term for cytoplasm or cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Protoplasm (/ˈproʊtəˌplæzəm/; pl. protoplasms) is the part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. It is a mixture of small molecules such
Protoplasm
In plants, the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast
Stroma, in botany, refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the thylakoids (membrane-bound, sub-organelle compartments) within the chloroplast. After
Stroma_(fluid)
Type of brain cell
in the central nervous system: including fibrous (in white matter), protoplasmic (in grey matter), and radial. The fibrous glia are usually located within
Astrocyte
Flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the flow of the cytoplasm inside the cell, driven by forces from the cytoskeleton
Cytoplasmic_streaming
Non-protoplasmic material found in cells
Ergastic substances are non-protoplasmic materials found in cells. The living protoplasm of a cell is sometimes called the bioplasm and distinct from the
Ergastic_substance
German botanist (1805–1872)
German botanist from Stuttgart. He was the first person to use the word "protoplasm" for the part of a cell inside the cell wall. He was a son of the Württemberg
Hugo_von_Mohl
Protoplasm that permeates a cell's nucleus
The nucleoplasm, also known as karyoplasm, is the type of protoplasm that makes up the cell nucleus, the most prominent organelle of the eukaryotic cell
Nucleoplasm
Comics character
are members of the S.P.A.C.E. organization, which stands for Sentient Protoplasm Against Colonial Encroachment. Bucky O'Hare – a green hare, captain of
Bucky_O'Hare
Fictional character
shapeshifting powers and resiliency by exposure to a pool of radioactive protoplasm and became the second Clayface. He retained the title for the next several
Clayface
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering various aspects of protoplasm research. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and was established
Protoplasma
Genus of single-celled organisms
Monocystidae) of acephaline gregarines (subclass Gregarinasina) not having the protoplasm divided into segments by septa and including internal parasites of invertebrates
Monocystis
Theory that living organisms are made up of cells
Fischer and Suer proposed that water in the protoplasm is not free but in a chemically combined form—the protoplasm represents a combination of protein, salt
Cell_theory
Russian biologist
1984. In the 1930s Gause conducted a series of studies, dedicated to the protoplasm asymmetry. These works raised interest among biogeochemists, including
Georgy_Gause
Cellular body type
grouping of single-celled organisms that possess pseudopods or move by protoplasmic flow. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Sarcodina
Amoeba
German botanist
remembered for his investigations of plasmolysis and the morphology of plant protoplasm. From 1903 to 1951 he was editor of the "Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche
Ernst_Küster
the lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells. Eleidin is then converted to keratin in the stratum corneum
Eleidin
Purported primordial substance
Urschleim ("primordial slime"), a protoplasm from which all life had originated. Huxley thought Bathybius could be that protoplasm, a missing link (in modern
Bathybius_haeckelii
Major Hindu scripture
writes: "When a part of the Universal Breath becomes ensconced in the protoplasmic environment which it animates, it is called jiva." The body is the scene
Bhagavad_Gita
Outermost layer of some cells
Cell wall in multicellular plants – its different layers and their placement with respect to protoplasm (highly diagrammatic)
Cell_wall
Professor of Biology at University of Pennsylvania
properties and microscopic structure of protoplasm. Using a micromanipulator and microdissection, Seifriz showed that protoplasm was non-Newtonian, thixotropic
William_Seifriz
Organ central to the nervous system
distances. They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous
Brain
Species of slime mould
as very small, red amoeba-like organisms called plasmodia, masses of protoplasm that engulf bacteria, as well as fungal and plant spores, protozoa, and
Lycogala_epidendrum
Fictional character
indescribable thing vaster than any subway train—a shapeless congeries of protoplasmic bubbles, faintly self-luminous, and with myriads of temporary eyes forming
Shoggoth
Part of an egg which feeds the developing embryo
that follow fertilization. The yolk is not living cell material like protoplasm, but largely passive material, that is to say deutoplasm. The food material
Yolk
Woronin bodies (arrows) immobilized on the cortex of Sordaria fimicola cells as protoplasm streams by.
Woronin_body
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
introduced by Rudolf von Kölliker in 1863, originally as a synonym for protoplasm, but later it has come to mean the cell substance and organelles outside
Cytoplasm
Type of plant tissue involved in cell proliferation
cells, with thin primary cell walls, and small or no vacuoles. Their protoplasm is dense, filling the entire cell, and they lack intercellular spaces
Meristem
Fibrous material from trees or other plants
in living wood in three locations, namely: in the cell walls in the protoplasmic contents of the cells as free water in the cell cavities and spaces,
Wood
B cell with a cleaved nucleus derived from centroblasts
their MHC class II receptor. Centrocyte can also refer to a cell with a protoplasm that contains single and double granules of varying size stainable with
Centrocyte
Plant fiber from the genus Gossypium
chemical composition of cotton is as follows: Cellulose 91.00% Water 7.85% Protoplasm, pectins 0.55% Waxes, fatty substances 0.40% Mineral salts 0.20% Cotton
Cotton
Spore-forming organisms
plasmodium grows into an interconnected network of protoplasmic strands. Within each protoplasmic strand, the cytoplasmic contents rapidly stream, periodically
Slime_mold
Group of similar cells performing a specific function
cell contains a dense cytoplasm and a prominent cell nucleus. The dense protoplasm of meristematic cells contains very few vacuoles. Normally the meristematic
Tissue_(biology)
American musical group
Black) Extended plays Black Rain (1992, Kombinat) Black Rain (1993, TPOS) Protoplasm (2013, Blackest Ever Black) Computer Soul (2019, Blackest Ever Black)
Black_Rain_(band)
English biologist (1825–1895)
The issue was reprinted seven times and protoplasm became a household word; Punch added 'Professor Protoplasm' to his other soubriquets. The topic had
Thomas_Henry_Huxley
Topics referred to by the same term
Plasma cell, white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies Protoplasm, the entire living substance inside the cell membrane or cell wall Plasma
Plasma
Clade of single-celled organisms
spicules, radiolarian tests, and even the tests of smaller foraminifera. The protoplasm of xenophyophores contributes less than 1% of the total mass of the organism
Xenophyophorea
Stage in sexual fungal reproduction
stage of sexual reproduction (most frequently seen in fungi), where the protoplasm of two parent cells (usually from the mycelia) fuse without the fusion
Plasmogamy
Support-cells in the nervous system
two types of astrocytes, protoplasmic and fibrous, similar in function but distinct in morphology and distribution. Protoplasmic astrocytes have short,
Glia
Process by which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution
increased volume of water in the cell will increase pressure, making the protoplasm push against the cell wall, a condition known as turgor. Turgor makes
Plasmolysis
plastic, plastique, plastochron, plastromancy, plastron, prosoplasia, protoplasm, pseudoplastic, symplast plat- flat, broad Greek πλατύς (platús), πλατεῖα
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Comics character
complete origin of Random is unclear. It appears that he was created from protoplasm by Dark Beast, making Random the continuation of an experiment that Dark
Random_(comics)
Disease condition of seaweed
micropropagule of the algae. The protoplasm content is higher in a healthy micropropagule than in the infected ones. Protoplasm indicates occurrence of severe
Ice-ice
Machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically
1920. The play begins in a factory that uses a chemical substitute for protoplasm to manufacture living, simplified people called robots. The play does
Robot
Species of slime mould
to create an opening, and more elastic inner layer ruptures later as protoplasm emerges. A remnant of the inner layer may be persistent and adhere to
Fuligo_septica
Food particles in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell
particles stored in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from protoplasm, the yolk substance. Generally, the deutoplasm accumulates about the nucleus
Deutoplasm
German microscopic anatomist and phycologist (1825–1874)
and included them under the common name of protoplasm, defining the cell as a nucleated mass of protoplasm with or without a cell wall (Das Protoplasma
Max_Schultze
thin walled cells of small diameter, containing water but no living protoplasm. Collectively, hydroids function as a conducting tissue, known as the
Hydroid_(botany)
American guitarist and singer (1942–1995)
came out of my coma, I had this image of myself as these little hunks of protoplasm that were stuck together kind of like stamps with perforations between
Jerry_Garcia
Injury to flesh or skin, often caused by excessive heat
Markel G, Dushnitsky T, Eisenkraft A (May 2008). "Hydrogen fluoride--the protoplasmic poison". The Israel Medical Association Journal. 10 (5): 381–5. PMID 18605366
Burn
2020 film by Sam Liu
up with Superman's power, causing it to degenerate and dissolve into protoplasm. Superman is left appalled by Luthor's actions. In 1966, Superman stops
Superman:_Red_Son_(film)
Part of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity
cells, the olfactory cells, each consisting of a small amount of granular protoplasm with a large spherical nucleus, and possessing two processes—a superficial
Nasal_mucosa
Comics character
"Elasti-Woman". It was revealed that when the Chief regrew her he did so using protoplasm to eliminate "weaknesses" such as bones and internal organs. When she
Elasti-Girl
German professor of anatomy
Gerlach summed up his theory by stating: the finest divisions of the protoplasmic processes ultimately take part in the formation of the fine nerve fibre
Joseph_von_Gerlach
American biologist
became a standard foundational text in the field. The colloid chemistry of protoplasm, Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1928 An outline of general physiology,
Lewis_Victor_Heilbrunn
Superboy enemy; alien hunter, captured Krypto and used shapechanging protoplasm creature to lure Superboy into battle. Kronn Adventure Comics #308 (May
List_of_Superman_enemies
Species of single-celled organism
protoplast contracts away from the parental cell wall. In P. fusiformis, the protoplasm contracts near the middle of the cell forming two lobes, as opposed to
Pyrocystis_fusiformis
Large actin extension of a developing neurite seeking its synaptic target
described the growth cone based on fixed cells as "a concentration of protoplasm of conical form, endowed with amoeboid movements" (Cajal, 1890). Growth
Growth_cone
German microbiologist (1857–1932)
weiteren Arbeiten begründen werde." (They lie within of a portion of the protoplasmic threads, sometimes aggregated to particular bodies, and are identical
Carl_Benda
List of fictional creatures
indescribable thing vaster than any subway train—a shapeless congeries of protoplasmic bubbles, faintly self-luminous, and with myriads of temporary eyes forming
Cthulhu_Mythos_species
German physician and scientist (1854–1915)
investigations was the discovery of a new cell type. Ehrlich discovered in the protoplasm of supposed plasma cells a granulate which could be made visible with
Paul_Ehrlich
Division of cells in the early embryo
The nucleus (and spindle) tend to locate at the center of the active protoplasm; and the spindle tends to align with the longest dimension (axis) of the
Cleavage_(embryo)
Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells
generating a force on the membrane which moves the cell forward. The protoplasm of an amoeba is made up of an outer layer termed the ectoplasm which surrounds
Amoeboid_movement
German botanist (1877–1945)
Genom for the haploid chromosome set, which, together with the pertinent protoplasm, specifies the material foundations of the species ..." Among his experiments
Hans_Winkler
2006 studio album by Rentrer en Soi
Rentrer en Soi (2006) The Bottom of Chaos (2007) Singles from Rentrer en Soi "Protoplasm" Released: February 2006 "Karasuiro no Taiji" Released: April 2006
Rentrer_en_Soi_(album)
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
(1931). "Membranes in the plant cell. I. Morphological membranes at protoplasmic surfaces". Protoplasma. 12 (1): 196–220. doi:10.1007/BF01618716. S2CID 32248784
Cell_membrane
German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist and mycologist (1831–1888)
Félix Dujardin (1801–1860) had called sarcode (protoplasm). This is the fundamental basis of the protoplasmic theory of life. De Bary was the first to demonstrate
Heinrich_Anton_de_Bary
DC Comics fictional supervillain
After thousands of experiments, Luthor creates an artificial living protoplasm. Overjoyed, he accidentally causes a chemical fire in the lab. Superboy
Lex_Luthor
1968 novel by Stanisław Lem
genome and that "Frog Eggs" and "Lord of the Flies" may be a form of protoplasm; possibly that of the alien creatures that presumably sent the signal
His_Master's_Voice_(novel)
Small projection on a neuron that receives signals
first used in 1889 by Wilhelm His to describe the number of smaller "protoplasmic processes" that were attached to a nerve cell. German anatomist, Otto
Dendrite
Hagen is transformed into the monstrous Clayface by a pool of radioactive protoplasm. He now possesses super-strength and can change his claylike body into
List_of_Batman_family_enemies
Class of astringent, bitter plant polyphenolic chemical compounds
[citation needed] Tannins are classified as ergastic substances, non-protoplasm materials found in cells. Tannins, by definition, precipitate proteins
Tannin
Study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for normal plant life
example, nitrogen compounds comprise 40% to 50% of the dry matter of protoplasm, and it is a constituent of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
Plant_nutrition
(1865) The Microscope in its Application to Practical Medicine (1867) Protoplasm: Or, Life, Force, and Matter (1870) Disease Germs: Their Real Nature (1870)
Lionel_Smith_Beale
Genus of microscopic organisms
with all other protists that extend lobose pseudopods or move about by protoplasmic flow, in the phylum Sarcodina. Molecular phylogenies based on the examination
Chaos_(genus)
Species of fungus
marauding microfauna that would otherwise penetrate and feed on the rich protoplasm below. To disperse spores, asci push between the paraphyses from below
Peziza_cerea
Aqueous phase rich in macromolecules
cannot pass through membranes. Oparin linked these properties to the protoplasm, and reasoned that precipitates of colloids form as clots or lumps of
Coacervate
Species of alga
pectorale reproduces both asexually and sexually. In Gonium pectorale, the protoplasm of a cell divides successively until it forms a new, miniature colony
Gonium_pectorale
Microvilli-covered surface of epithelium found throughout the body
intestinal cells, the microvilli are referred to as brush border and are protoplasmic extensions contrary to villi which are submucosal folds, while in the
Brush_border
Single-celled alga with a silica cell wall
contains fluid bound by a membrane Cytoplasmic strand; holds the nucleus Protoplasmic bridge Epivalve Nucleus; holds the genetic material Endoplasmic reticulum
Diatom
2002 film directed by Raja Gosnell
possessed. Shaggy searches for his friends underground and finds a vat of protoplasm containing the souls of all those possessed. He frees the souls of Fred
Scooby-Doo_(film)
1953 science fiction novel by John Wyndham
no clear idea what the aliens looked like. The most they have is some protoplasm that floated to the surface of the sea after the ultrasound weapon was
The_Kraken_Wakes
British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958)
A creator of what? ... I see no reason to believe that a creator of protoplasm or primeval matter, if such there be, has any reason to be interested
Rosalind_Franklin
Cell organelle that processes proteins
278–289. OCLC 493441682. Buvat, R. (1963). "Electron Microscopy of Plant Protoplasm". International Review of Cytology Volume 14. Vol. 14. pp. 41–155. doi:10
Endoplasmic_reticulum
Species of bacterium
consisting of an outer membrane, peptidoglycan layer, inner membrane, protoplasmic cylinder, and periplasmic space. It is often described as gram-negative
Treponema_pallidum
Group of proteins
Actrapid. Receptors for steroid hormones are usually found within the protoplasm and are referred to as intracellular or nuclear receptors, such as testosterone
Hormone_receptor
Short story by Joyce Carol Oates
parents living the American Southwest: "I think of you and I think of protoplasm being drawn off into space, out in the West, with no human limits to keep
Unmailed,_Unwritten_Letters
Species of single-celled organism
leading to deeply embedded oral cavity, lined with cilia (short, hair-like protoplasmic processes that serve as organs of locomotion and food capture). P. caudatum
Paramecium_caudatum
18th episode of the 2nd season of Star Trek: The Original Series
sensor probe into it, which reveals that the object is indeed made of protoplasm, and alive. McCoy believes that a crewed probe must be sent into the creature
The Immunity Syndrome (Star Trek: The Original Series)
The_Immunity_Syndrome_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)
Region of hair follicle
middle, made up of approximately two rows of flattened cells with granular protoplasm. The cuticle of the root sheath is in the center, continuous with the
Inner_root_sheath
Process by which animal embryos form and develop
into two layers: The outer layer forms a syncytium (i.e., a layer of protoplasm studded with nuclei, but showing no evidence of subdivision into cells)
Animal_embryonic_development
Supervillain in Marvel Comics
Liz, the Goblin unmasks himself in front of Spider-Man and melts into protoplasm. In his first appearances, the Green Goblin seems to be a normal man (albeit
Green_Goblin
German anatomist (1834–1863)
called an "axis cylinder", and its dendrites, which he referred to as protoplasmic processes. He postulated that dendrites must fuse to form a continuous
Otto_Deiters
Czech biologist and physiologist (1787–1869)
component of blood left when the suspended cells have been removed) and protoplasm (the substance found inside cells.) Purkyně was the first to use a microtome
Jan_Evangelista_Purkyně
Comics character
increasing her abilities. The good parts of her were placed in a formless protoplasm that developed a life of its own, and became the superhero Plasmer. Plasmer
Plasmer
1959 novel by William S. Burroughs
political parties: Liquefactionists, who want to merge everyone into one protoplasmic entity; Senders, who want to control everyone else through telepathy;
Naked_Lunch
1897 novel by Paolo Mantegazza
biological brains, built of artificial neural networks made of synthetic protoplasm; Movie theaters ("panopticons") which delivered all sorts of entertainment
The_Year_3,000
Main component of the nervous system
Grey matter is composed of cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, protoplasmic astrocytes (astrocyte subtype), satellite oligodendrocytes (non-myelinating
Nervous_tissue
Ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries
greater variation in both the chemical and physical characteristics of the protoplasm and, hence, greater variation in the extreme temperatures compatible with
Thermoregulation
Comic book series
Post-Crisis era. Sometimes referred to as the Matrix, this new character was a protoplasmic duplicate of an alternate universe Lana Lang, granted superpowers by
Supergirl_(comic_book)
Comics character
German supervillain and an enemy of the Teen Titans who possesses a protoplasmic touch and was formerly a miner before General Zahl rescued him from a
Plasmus
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of Poets
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Andal
Boy/Male
Slavic Hebrew
Lively.
Girl/Female
Greek
Woman from Lydia (in Asia Minor).
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Indian
Son; Grand-son
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Latin
White
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French, German
Renowned Warrior
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
King of the Mountains
Biblical
trodden under foot; mangers
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
PROTOPLASM
n.
The matter composing the nucleus of a cell; the protoplasm of the nucleus; karyoplasma.
n.
The act or process, by which living tissues or cells take up and convert into their own proper substance the nutritive material brought to them by the blood, or by which they transform their cell protoplasm into simpler substances, which are fitted either for excretion or for some special purpose, as in the manufacture of the digestive ferments. Hence, metabolism may be either constructive (anabolism), or destructive (katabolism).
n.
That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm.
n.
The solid or insoluble portion of the cell protoplasm. See Hygroplasm.
n.
An analogous mass of protoplasm in the ovule of a flowering plant; an embryonic vesicle.
a.
Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.
n.
A small air cell, or globular space, in the interior of organic cells, either containing air, or a pellucid watery liquid, or some special chemical secretions of the cell protoplasm.
a.
Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.
n.
A body, usually spheroidal, in a cell or a protozoan, distinguished from the surrounding protoplasm by a difference in refrangibility and in behavior towards chemical reagents. It is more or less protoplasmic, and consists of a clear fluid (achromatin) through which extends a network of fibers (chromatin) in which may be suspended a second rounded body, the nucleolus (see Nucleoplasm). See Cell division, under Division.
n.
A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.
n.
Any protoplasmic filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular organism, or from any animal or plant call.
n.
Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.
a.
Protoplasmic.
n.
The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.
n.
The protoplasm of the sperm cell.
n.
One of certain very minute whitish or colorless granules occurring in the protoplasm of plants and supposed to be the nuclei around which starch granules will form.
n.
The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.
n.
Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by division of the protoplasm of the karyostenotic mode of nuclear division.
n. pl.
Those animals in which the protoplasmic mass, constituting the egg, is converted into a multitude of cells, which are metamorphosed into the tissues of the body. A central cavity is commonly developed, and the cells around it are at first arranged in two layers, -- the ectoderm and endoderm. The group comprises nearly all animals except the Protozoa.
n.
An unfertilized, rounded mass of protoplasm, produced in an oogonium.