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Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development
Programmed cell death (PCD), sometimes referred to as cell suicide or cellular suicide, is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell
Programmed_cell_death
Mammalian protein found in humans
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (CD279 cluster of differentiation 279) is a protein encoded in humans by the PDCD1 gene. PD-1 is a cell surface
Programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed_cell_death_protein_1
Biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions
pathways of programmed cell death have been discovered. Called "non-apoptotic programmed cell-death" (or "caspase-independent programmed cell-death"), these
Cell_death
Mammalian protein found in humans
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by
PD-L1
Autophagic cell death (ACD) is a controversial form of programmed cell death that is morphologically distinct from apoptosis and necrosis. While autophagy
Autophagic_cell_death
Form of programmed cell death
'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast
Apoptosis
Process of cells digesting parts of themselves
mechanisms of programmed cell death (PCD) is associated with the appearance of autophagosomes and depends on autophagy proteins. This form of cell death most likely
Autophagy
Protein family
family is most notable for their regulation of apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, at the mitochondrion. The Bcl-2 family proteins consists of members
Bcl-2_family
Free-living species of nematode
examples of asymmetric cell divisions, and the worm is a very popular model system for studying developmental biology. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) eliminates
Caenorhabditis_elegans
Place in prison housing inmates awaiting execution
occupying the designated "death cell." To accommodate Zangara, the facility expanded the waiting area to include a row of adjacent cells, thus creating what
Death_row
AICD (activation-induced cell death) is programmed cell death caused by the interaction of Fas receptors (Fas, CD95) and Fas ligands (FasL, CD95 ligand)
Activation-induced_cell_death
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (also known as PD-L2, B7-DC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1LG2 gene. PDCD1LG2 has also been designated
PDCD1LG2
2000 paper by Hanahan and Weinberg
of programmed cell death (cell suicide), the mechanism by which cells are programmed to die in the event they become damaged. Cancer cells are characteristically
The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer
Family of waxy lipid molecules
examples include regulating differentiation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (PCD) of cells. The word ceramide comes from the Latin cera (wax) and amide
Ceramide
Necrotic cell death regulated by intracellular signaling, exerted by activated MLKL
Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis and one of the many modalities of programmed cell death that has been described insofar. Conventionally,
Necroptosis
Class of anticancer drugs
association of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The interaction of these cell surface proteins
PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors
Protein domain
in programmed cell death was first identified in 1993, with their functions in apoptosis well characterised. This is a form of programmed cell death, occurring
Caspase
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
energy capability before committing to another round of cell division. Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for various physiological functions, including
Mitochondrion
Cause of death
Death from laughter is a rare form of death, usually resulting from either cardiac arrest or asphyxiation, that has itself been caused by a fit of laughter
Death_from_laughter
Biological process
Ischemic cell death, or oncosis, is a form of accidental cell death. The process is characterized by an ATP depletion within the cell leading to impairment
Ischemic_cell_death
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
a cell undergoes apoptosis or programmed cell death. In addition, ROS are produced in immune cell signaling via the NOX pathway. Phagocytic cells such
Reactive_oxygen_species
Bulge in the plasma membrane of a cell
seen in apoptosis (programmed cell death), but they are also seen in other non-apoptotic functions, including apocrine secretion (cell secretion by disintegration
Bleb_(cell_biology)
Declaring a person legally dead in the absence of direct proof
presumption of death is a legal determination that a person is considered dead despite the absence of direct evidence confirming their death, such as identifiable
Presumption_of_death
Medication
nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Toripalimab is a recombinant humanized programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody that acts as a checkpoint inhibitor
Toripalimab
Central nervous system disease
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms. It is one of the main types of programmed cell death (PCD) and involves a series
Neurodegenerative_disease
Autoimmune disease
lymphomagenesis (origin of lymphoma). Dysregulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of
Sjögren's_disease
Pharmaceutical drug used in cancer treatment
protective mechanism of cancer cells, allowing the immune system to destroy them. It targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor of lymphocytes
Pembrolizumab
End of an organism's life
are part. Apoptosis or type I cell-death, and autophagy or type II cell-death are both forms of programmed cell death, while necrosis is a non-physiological
Death
Profound change in body structure during the postembryonic development of an organism
observations published in 2002, and supported in 2013 indicate that programmed cell death plays a considerable role during physiological processes of multicellular
Metamorphosis
Posthumous legal determination
In many legal jurisdictions, the manner of death is a determination, typically made by the coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar officials, and
Manner_of_death
deaths List of unusual deaths in antiquity List of unusual deaths in the Middle Ages List of unusual deaths in the Renaissance List of unusual deaths
Lists_of_unusual_deaths
Postmortem erection often found in those executed by hanging
A death erection, angel lust, rigor erectus, or terminal erection is a post-mortem erection, technically a priapism, observed in the corpses of men who
Death_erection
Type of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis and necrosis
(from the Greek παρά para, "related to" and apoptosis) is a type of programmed cell death, morphologically distinct from apoptosis and necrosis. The defining
Paraptosis
Form of extrajudicial killing
Death flights (Spanish: vuelos de la muerte) are a form of extrajudicial killing in which victims are dropped to their deaths from airplanes or helicopters
Death_flights
Medication
anti-cancer medication used for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma. Retifanlimab is a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1)–blocking monoclonal antibody. It
Retifanlimab
Artificial stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer
the binding of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 or programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L1 or PD-L2), a protein expressed by cancer cells, with PD-1, a
Cancer_immunotherapy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
critical role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process, via interaction with receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3)
Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase
Mixed_lineage_kinase_domain_like_pseudokinase
Forced relocation under the threat of death
A death march is a forced march of prisoners of war, other captives, or deportees in which individuals are left to die along the way. It is distinct from
Death_march
Proteins that control apoptosis
the intrinsic pathway that block programmed cell death, which can frequently lead to cancer or other effects for the cell if mutated or improperly regulated
Inhibitor_of_apoptosis
Permanent loss of brain function
Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity (e.g., breathing)
Brain_death
Japanese immunologist and Nobel laureate (born 1942)
Physiology or Medicine and is best known for his identification of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). He is also known for his molecular identification
Tasuku_Honjo
Chinese-American biochemist
work with apoptosis, which is the normal physiologic process of programmed cell death. Wang was born in Wuhan, China in 1963, and was raised in Xinxiang
Xiaodong_Wang_(biochemist)
Concept from Freudian psychoanalytics
In classical psychoanalysis, the death drive (German: Todestrieb) is an aspect of libidinal energy that seeks "to lead organic life back into the inanimate
Death_drive
American biologist (born 1947)
discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" were "important for medical research and have shed new light on
H._Robert_Horvitz
American microbiologist and academic administrator
focuses on cell growth and programmed cell death and how cancer cells evade apoptosis. She is interested in the role of programmed cell death in regulating
Sally_Kornbluth
Damaging changes to a biological cell
necrosis Gangrenous necrosis Apoptosis is the programmed cell death of superfluous or potentially harmful cells in the body. It is an energy-dependent process
Cell_damage
and proteins and a loss of compartmentalization. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics
Identification_of_cell_death
Monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody
engineered monoclonal antibody of IgG1 isotype against the protein programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The most common side effects when used on its
Atezolizumab
membrane permeability, is one of two ways apoptosis (a type of programmed cell death) can be activated. It is part of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
Mitochondrial_outer_membrane_permeabilization
Species of fly
tremendous amount of change for the fly, such as cell death. While it is commonly believed that programmed cell death and apoptosis are the same, they are not
Calliphora_vomitoria
Postulated continued existence after death
The afterlife or life after death is a speculation concerning existence after death, in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousness
Afterlife
Female reproductive cell
This transfer is followed by the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of the nurse cells. During oogenesis, 15 nurse cells die for every oocyte that is produced
Egg_cell
Medical term defining death
vulnerable cells in the brain, CA1 neurons of the hippocampus, are fatally injured by as little as 10 minutes without oxygen. However, the injured cells do not
Clinical_death
Threat to kill
A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, by one person or a group of people to kill another person or group of people. These threats are often
Death_threat
American biologist (born 1958)
behind programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. She identified the proteins ced-3 and ced-4 as drivers behind programmed cell death in
Junying_Yuan
Type of programmed cell death
Ferroptosis (also known as oxytosis) is a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis
targets by the cell membrane due to the secretion process. Following the programmed cell death triggers, the phytaspase “re-enters” the cell and acts in
Phytaspase
Wax or plaster cast made of a person's face following death
A death mask is a likeness (typically in wax or plaster cast) of a person's face after their death, usually made by taking a cast or impression from the
Death_mask
Ireland by death toll List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll List of disasters in Poland by death toll List of disasters in Romania by death toll List
List of natural disasters by death toll
List_of_natural_disasters_by_death_toll
Official record of a person's death
date, location and cause of a person's death, as entered in an official register of deaths. An official death certificate is usually required to be provided
Death_certificate
Genus of orchids
petals and sepals find new uses following pollination, thus escaping programmed cell death. In producing chloroplasts, they turn green, become fleshy, and
Phalaenopsis
Dead human body
which the body's cells are destroyed through the action of their own digestive enzymes. However, these enzymes are released into the cells because of cessation
Cadaver
Parasitic disease that results in diarrhea
microvillus, increased intestinal permeability, and programmed cell death of small intestinal epithelial cells. Both trophozoites and cysts are contained within
Giardiasis
Artistic or symbolic reminder of the inevitability of death
an artistic symbol or trope acting as a reminder of the inevitability of death. The concept has its roots in the philosophers of classical antiquity and
Memento_mori
Behavior in which animals take on the appearance of being dead
inhibits the flow of sodium into cells causing paralysis of muscles Thanatos – Ancient Greek personification of death Trout tickling – Method of fishing
Apparent_death
Pharmaceutical drug
antibody that binds to programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells and blocks interactions with PD-1 and CD80 (B7.1) on T cells. Durvalumab is an
Durvalumab
Committing murder and suicide
lead the death instinct to emerge in a twisted form. The cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker, whose theories on the human notion of death are strongly
Murder–suicide
Concept of eternal life
25 May 2008. About telomeres and programmed cell death. Harrison, Principles of Internal Medicine, Ch. 69, "Cancer cell biology and angiogenesis", Robert
Immortality
immature B-cells, in order to rescue them from programmed cell death, called apoptosis. It is thought that 20-50% of all peripheral naive B cells have undergone
Receptor_editing
Monoclonal antibody
monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of cancer. It targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor. It is developed by Akeso. Penpulimab
Penpulimab
Unnatural death caused by accident
Accidental deaths in the United States An accidental death is an unnatural death that is caused by an accident, such as a slip and fall, traffic collision
Accidental_death
Developmental history of a tissue or organ
the initial observations of programmed cell death, or apoptosis. After mapping various sections of the C. elegans' cell lineage, Dr. Brenner and his
Cell_lineage
Family of proteins
stability, and programmed cell death. The PARP family comprises 17 members (10 putative). They vary greatly in structure and function within the cell. PARP1,
Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase
Transmembrane molecule in the mitochondria
cytochrome c, which leads to caspase activation and ultimately, programmed cell death. It is a well-established concept in the field of apoptosis that
Bcl-xL
Proteins that mediate programmed cell death
cellular biology, dependence receptors are proteins that mediate programmed cell death by monitoring the absence of certain trophic factors (or, equivalently
Dependence_receptor
Fourth stage of death
'stiffness' and mortis 'of death'), or postmortem rigidity, is the fourth stage of death. It is one of the recognizable signs of death, characterized by stiffening
Rigor_mortis
Supposed death from an electric fan
Fan death is a misconception that people have died as a result of running an electric fan in a closed room with no open windows. While the supposed mechanics
Fan_death
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death. From its early conceptual beginnings in the 1950s, it has exploded as an area of research within the
History_of_apoptosis_research
Family of proteins
from initiating programmed cell death – allowing the neurons to survive. Neurotrophins also induce differentiation of progenitor cells, to form neurons
Neurotrophin
Protein found in humans
effector molecule for the lytic and highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death known as pyroptosis. Hence, GSDMD is an essential mediator of host
GSDMD
Leaving false evidence of one's own death
A faked death, also called a staged death, is the act of an individual purposely deceiving other people into believing that the individual is dead, when
Faked_death
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
Brussaard CP, Berges JA (2006). "What is the role and nature of programmed cell death in phytoplankton ecology?". European Journal of Phycology. 41 (1):
Cyanobacteria
Magic involving communication with the deceased
future events and discover hidden knowledge. Sometimes categorized under death magic, the term is occasionally also used in a more general sense to refer
Necromancy
Person who suffers persecution and death for the faith
'witness' stem μαρτυρ-, martyr-) is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious
Martyr
With an average of 123.6 deaths per 100,000 from 2003 through 2010 the most dangerous occupation in the United States is the cell tower construction industry
List of causes of death by rate
List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate
Biological theory of cellular aging
important facet to how telomeres function in these roles is their involvement in cell cycle regulation. Because eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and because DNA
Telomeres_in_the_cell_cycle
Type of programmed cell death
Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and forms
Pyroptosis
Sound often produced as someone nears death
A death rattle is noisy breathing that often occurs in someone near death. Accumulation of fluids such as saliva and bronchial secretions in the throat
Death_rattle
Enzyme found in humans
related to both cell survival and death. In terms of cell death, RIPK1 plays a role in apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis. Some of the cell survival pathways
RIPK1
Anxiety caused by thoughts of death
This time is spent in an area of a prison known as death row, where inmates are typically in their cells for up to 23 hours each day and have limited interaction
Death_anxiety
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
mitotic catastrophe in the cancer cells. Following this, cell cycle arrest occurs, which induces programmed cell death (apoptosis). These drugs can also
Chemotherapy
Divine beings associated with death
of most cultures incorporate a god of death or, more frequently, a divine being closely associated with death, an afterlife, or an underworld. They are
List_of_death_deities
Personal experiences associated with death or impending death
A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death, which researchers describe as having similar
Near-death_experience
Second stage of death
stops functioning and is no longer agitating the blood, heavy red blood cells sink through the serum by action of gravity. The blood travels faster in
Livor_mortis
Medical examination of a corpse
examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; or the exam may be performed to evaluate any disease or injury that may
Autopsy
Group of anti-nuclear antibodies
dying cells are one major source of this extracellular DNA. Apoptosis is the highly organised process of programmed cell death in which the cell degrades
Anti-dsDNA_antibodies
Sudden death brought about by a strong emotional shock, such as fear
Voodoo death, also known as psychogenic death or psychosomatic death, is the phenomenon of sudden death as brought about by strong emotional shock such
Voodoo_death
Use of power to dictate life and death
to mortal danger and death. Cultural theorist Lauren Berlant calls this gradual and persistent process of elimination slow death. According to Berlant
Necropolitics
Process of reversing apoptosis
characterized by recovery of cells threatened by cell death; it essentially reverses the process of programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Contrary to the
Cellular_anastasis
Freezing of a corpse with the intent of future revival
cryonics. Without cryoprotectants, cell shrinkage and high salt concentrations during freezing usually prevent frozen cells from functioning again after thawing
Cryonics
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Mill.German : variant of Melle.
Boy/Male
Latin
Blind.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a reduced form of the personal name Nicholas.Scottish or Irish : reduced form of McColl.Catalan : topographic name from coll ‘mountain pass’, from Latin collis ‘hill’.Americanized spelling of German Koll or Kohl.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a spring or stream, Middle English well(e) (Old English well(a)).German : from a short form of the personal names Wallo, Walilo.German : nickname from Middle High German wël ‘round’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill, from southeastern Middle English hell ‘hill’, a dialect form characteristic of Kent and Sussex.English : from a personal name, Helle, which may have been a variant of Elie (a Middle English form of Elias), or perhaps a short form of a personal name formed with Hild- as the first element (see Hilliard for example), or perhaps from the female personal name Helen.German : nickname from Middle High German hell ‘bright’, ‘shining’.German : variant of Helle 3.
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex)
English (Essex) : unexplained; perhaps from the personal name Yuel, a form of the Biblical name Joel.Scottish (Shetland) : from the name of the principal island of the Shetlands. According to Black, ‘Persons of this name in Shetland have changed to Dalziel, probably from the idea of its being more aristocratic, and spell
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Belle, BELL means "beautiful."Â
Girl/Female
Latin
Abbreviation of Cecilia: blind.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived in a small valley, from Middle English, Old English dell ‘dell’, ‘valley’, or a habitational name from any of several minor places named Dell, from this word, for example in Buckinghamshire, Essex, and Sussex.German : from Low German delle ‘dell’, ‘depression’ (Middle High German telle ‘gorge’).
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from the personal name Nel, a reduced form of Cornelius.South German : nickname from Middle High German nelle ‘crown of the head’, perhaps denoting an obstinate person.English : from the Middle English personal name Nel(le), a variant of Neill.
Male
Hebrew
(סֶלַע) Hebrew name CELA means "a rock." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the capital city of Edom, possibly an early name for Petra.
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : reduced form of McCall.English : from Middle English calle ‘close-fitting cap for women’ (from Old French cale), probably applied as a metonymic occupational name. Compare Cale.Catalan : topographic name from call ‘narrow track’ (Latin callis). Compare Calle.Possibly an Americanized spelling of German Koll or Goll.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English selle, a rough hut of the type normally occupied by animals, hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a hut like this. In many cases the name may have been in effect a metonymic occupational name for a herdsman.Americanized spelling of Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish Széll, a topographic name for someone who lived in a spot exposed to the wind, from Hungarian szél ‘wind’.German : variant of Selle.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly northern)
English (chiefly northern) : topographic name for someone who lived by an area of high ground or by a prominent crag, from northern Middle English fell ‘high ground’, ‘rock’, ‘crag’ (Old Norse fjall, fell).English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a furrier, from Middle English fell, Middle High German vel, or German Fell or Yiddish fel, all of which mean ‘skin’, ‘hide’, or ‘pelt’. Yiddish fel refers to untanned hide, in contrast to pelts ‘tanned hide’ (see Pilcher).
Girl/Female
English American German
noble.
Male
English
Short form of English unisex Kelly, KELL means "bright-headed."
Boy/Male
French English
Handsome.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Pell, a pet form of Peter.English : metonymic occupational name for a dealer in furs, from Middle English, Old French pel ‘skin’.English : variant of Pill 1.German : variant of Pelle or, in some instances, a variant of Pfell, the South German form of this name, from Middle High German phelle(e) ‘purple silk cloth’.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic)
Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : nickname for a man with red hair, from Yiddish gel ‘red-headed’, Middle High German gel ‘yellow’, German gelb (see Geller).German : unexplained.English : from a short form of the personal name Julian.Variant of French Gille.
Female
English
Pet form of English Eleanor, NELL means "foreign; the other."
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Queen
Girl/Female
German English
Intelligent.
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
From the Field by the Weir
Girl/Female
Tamil
Light classical melody
Boy/Male
English American Teutonic French
Tailor.
Boy/Male
Indian
Illuminated heavenly realm, Star in the Sky
Boy/Male
Muslim
One in thousand
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, German, Swedish
Chosen; Singled out
Boy/Male
Latin American Greek English Gaelic
Kind.
Girl/Female
Indian
Victorious, Successful, One who is a source of success, Triumphant
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH
n.
The continuous development of cells in tissue formation; cell formation.
a.
Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
v. t.
To make bell-mouthed; as, to bell a tube.
pl.
of Programma
a.
Safe; as, a chip warranted well at a certain day and place.
v. t.
To place or inclose in a cell.
v. t.
To put a bell upon; as, to bell the cat.
n.
See Programme.
a.
Being well folded.
v. t.
To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company.
n.
Same as Cella.
n.
Same as Programme.
a.
Being in health; sound in body; not ailing, diseased, or sick; healthy; as, a well man; the patient is perfectly well.
n.
Development of cells in animal and vegetable organisms. See Gemmation, Budding, Karyokinesis; also Cell development, under Cell.
pl.
of Cello
n.
A cell; a house.
v. i.
To develop bells or corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; as, hops bell.
a.
Containing a cell or cells.
v. t.
To pour forth, as from a well.