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Area of unfrozen sea within an ice pack
A polynya (/pəˈlɪnjə/) is an area of open water surrounded by sea ice. It is now used as a geographical term for an area of unfrozen seawater within otherwise
Polynya
Gap in sea ice in the Southern Ocean
The Weddell Polynya, or Weddell Sea Polynya, is a polynya, or irregular area of open water surrounded by sea ice, in the Weddell Sea of the Southern Ocean
Weddell_Polynya
Polynya between Greenland and Canada in Baffin Bay
The North Water Polynya (NOW), or Pikialasorsuaq to Inuit in Greenland and Sarvarjuaq to Inuit in Canada, is a polynya (area of year-round open water surrounded
North_Water_Polynya
McMurdo Sound Polynyas in McMurdo Sound Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Spencer Gulf Weddell Sea Weddell Polynya/Maud Rise Polynya While all
List_of_seas_on_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
A polynya is a non-linear area of open water surrounded by sea ice. Polynya may also refer to: Polynia (ship), a ship crushed in sea ice in 1891 and commemorated
Polynya_(disambiguation)
Proposed name of a sea in the Southern Ocean
Between 1973 and 1986, several polynyas have occurred in these waters, with the totally enclosed Cosmonaut polynya attaining its maximum size on July
Cosmonauts_Sea
Marginal sea between Greenland and Baffin Island, Canada
high density of floating ice and icebergs in the open areas. However, a polynya of about 80,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi), known as the North Water, opens in
Baffin_Bay
The Great Siberian Polynya (Russian: Великая Сибирская полынья) is a strip of open water and young ice that regularly forms beyond the outer edge of the
Great_Siberian_Polynya
Sea ice specialist and climate scientist
were unknown. Major research of the polynya question began in earnest by 1981. Comiso studied the Weddell Polynya in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica
Josefino_Comiso
Cold, dense, water mass originating in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica
through thermohaline circulation. AABW forms near the surface in coastal polynyas along the coastline of Antarctica, where high rates of sea ice formation
Antarctic_bottom_water
Glacier in Antarctica
factor contributing to the frequent formation of the Terra Nova Bay polynya. The polynya enables both production of sea ice and high salinity seawater. The
Drygalski_Ice_Tongue
Fracture that opens up in an expanse of sea ice
Leads vary in width from meters to hundreds of meters. As is the case for polynyas (another sea ice feature involving open water), leads allow the direct
Lead_(sea_ice)
Northernmost point on Earth
the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or Open Polar Sea. It was therefore hoped that passage could be found through
North_Pole
Species of bear native to the Arctic
The species tends to frequent areas where sea ice meets water, such as polynyas and leads, to hunt the seals that make up most of its diet. Polar bears
Polar_bear
Island in the Bering Sea, part of Alaska, United States
Bering Sea shelf edge. To the south of the island there was a persistent polynya in 1999, formed when the prevailing winds from the north and east blow
St._Lawrence_Island
Topics referred to by the same term
surface: Lead (sea ice), a large fracture within an expanse of sea ice Polynya, an area of open water surrounded by sea ice Open water (diving), unconfined
Open_Water
Physical oceanography of internal waves
Fram expedition Nordenskiöld Archipelago Polar ice cap Polar ice packs Polynya Sea ice Shelf ice Vagn Walfrid Ekman – Swedish oceanographer Fourdrinoy
Dead_water
Outcome of seawater as it freezes
surface more easily. Polynyas are more uniform in size than leads and are also larger – two types are recognized: 1) Sensible-heat polynyas, caused by the upwelling
Sea_ice
Short body of water in the arctic
Long Strait пролив Лонга (Russian) A view from space, with a long polynya in the strait and Wrangel Island to the north-east Long Strait Location in Russia
Long_Strait
Sea ice that is not attached to land
wind Lead (sea ice) – Fracture that opens up in an expanse of sea ice Polynya – Area of unfrozen sea within an ice pack Pressure ridge (ice) – Linear
Drift_ice
Stage in the formation of sea ice
winter in the Arctic, and Antarctic where frazil forms and coalesces in polynyas or in cold-exposed regions of the open-ocean. Similarly, in seas and lakes
Grease_ice
Species of owl
of sea ice as perching sites and presumably hunting mostly seabirds in polynyas. In February 1886, a snowy owl landed on the rigging of the Nova Scotia
Snowy_owl
Watercraft capable of independent underwater operation
developed techniques for making vertical ascents and descents through polynyas in the Chukchi Sea. 1952 – USS Redfish used an expanded upward-beamed sounder
Submarine
Process of progressive accumulation in food chain
and other trace elements in a pelagic Arctic marine food web (Northwater Polynya, Baffin Bay)". Science of the Total Environment. Contaminants in Canadian
Biomagnification
Swiss glaciologist (1952–2020)
Landscape Research Thesis Surface temperature and sea ice of an arctic polynya: north water in winter : Canad. and greenlandic high arctic (1985) Doctoral
Konrad_Steffen
2007 novel by Dan Simmons
Goodsir to the Hickey ambush site (his attempts to pronounce the word polynya: polyp and polyanna, exasperate Captain Crozier). Golding eventually dies
The_Terror_(novel)
Process by which salts are expelled from freezing water
In coastal polynyas, it is the key to the ventilation of multiple water masses across both the Arctic and Antarctic. A coastal polynya is an area of
Brine_rejection
Atmospheric optical phenomenon
(2006). "Polarization of "water-skies" above arctic open waters: how polynyas in the ice-cover can be visually detected from a distance". Journal of
Water_sky
Downslope wind due to a high-density air
Coastal polynyas are produced in the Antarctic by katabatic winds
Katabatic_wind
Class of crustaceans
superba). C. glacialis inhabits the edge of the Arctic icepack, especially in polynyas where light (and photosynthesis) is present, in which they alone comprise
Copepod
1997 studio album by Thomas Köner
the music. "Nuuk (Air)" – 4:50 "Polynya I" – 6:33 "Nuuk (Day)" – 7:27 "Amras" – 5:37 "Nuuk (Night)" - 4:15 "Polynya II" - 7:25 "Nuuk (End)" - 6:00 2004
Nuuk_(album)
List of attacks of humans
Basin, Canada). A pod of orcas, likely 10-12 individuals, was trapped in a polynya, and a young man visited the site in spite of advice from elders to wait
Orca_attacks
Large formation of floating ice
recorded icebergs by area Polar ice cap Polar ice pack (disambiguation) Polynya Sea ice Seabed gouging by ice Shelf ice "Iceberg Formation: International
Iceberg
Species of whale
predators. Belugas also follow bowheads out of curiosity and to secure polynya feasibility to breathe, as bowheads are capable of breaking through ice
Beluga_whale
Frozen water; the solid state of water
other vessels, as the only alternative is to find the openings called "polynyas" or "leads". A widespread production of icebreakers began during the 19th
Ice
Body of water in Queen Mary Land, Antarctica
the plateau into the bay. Inside Katabatic Winds over the Terra Nova Bay PolynyaPart 1: Atmospheric Jet and Surface Conditions This article incorporates
Bay_of_Winds
Russian admiral and White movement leader (1874–1920)
Extracts from it were published under the title "The Arctic Pack and the Polynya" in the volume issued in 1929 by the American Geographical Society, Problems
Alexander_Kolchak
Sea in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia
band, and several polynyas are formed by the warm south winds around there. They have various names, such as the Great Siberian Polynya, and can stretch
Laptev_Sea
Region of the Arctic
Portion of the Last Ice Area - the North Water polynya (NOW) situated between Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Anomalous ice formation were recorded on
Last_Ice_Area
Preference or dependence on water ice
Ringed Seals (Phoca Hispida) on the East and West Sides of the North Water Polynya, Northern Baffin Bay". Marine Mammal Science. 17 (4): 888–908. Bibcode:2001MMamS
Pagophily
Coastal and oceanic landform
the shores of the Arctic Ocean are influenced by sea ice production and polynya. There is evidence that changing wind, rainfall, and regional ocean currents
Continental_shelf
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
onto the ice shelves will blow the newly formed sea ice away, opening polynyas in locations such as Weddell and Ross Seas, off the Adélie Coast and by
Thermohaline_circulation
Peninsula in Nunavut, Canada
island's northwestern Colin Archer Peninsula, it faces Jones Sound. Often, a polynya forms in the Cardigan Strait, a waterway that separates the cape from North
Cape_Vera
2001 British nature documentary television series
and frozen seas that create the biggest challenge. However, there are polynyas in the Arctic, which are free of ice owing to the pressure of currents
The_Blue_Planet
Submarine of the United States
surface in." The closest was to make radio contact at the surface from a polynya around 30 nm away, but not to surface fully owing to the risk of damage
USS_Skate_(SSN-578)
Large flightless seabird endemic to Antarctica
incubation heads directly out to areas of permanent open water, known as polynyas, around 100 km (62 mi) from the colony. An efficient swimmer, the emperor
Emperor_penguin
O-class submarine of the United States
travelled only a short distance under the ice before resurfacing through a polynya, but her radios had been badly damaged, requiring days to repair. The scientific
USS_O-12
Oceanic basin north of Hudson Bay, in Nunavut, Canada
winds keep the ice pack in constant motion and contribute to the numerous polynyas and shore leads which are found throughout the region. This same motion
Foxe_Basin
Second-generation U.S. robotic spacecraft
a polynya, developed three years in a row in the seasonal ice that encases Antarctica each winter. Located in the Weddell Sea, each year the polynya vanished
Nimbus_program
Bay in Antarctica
During the winter, the bay is often sea ice free; it acts as a coastal polynya due to the katabatic winds that blow off the David, Reeves and Priestley
Terra_Nova_Bay
been shown to occur in the marine environment as well. The Northwater Polynya, located in Baffin Bay, was found to have a negative correlation of cadmium
Biodilution
Baleen whale endemic to the Arctic
Beluga whales often accompany bowhead whales, for curiosity and to secure polynya feasibility to breathe as bowheads are capable of breaking through ice
Bowhead_whale
ice-free most of the year. The open water areas at the edge of ice packs, polynyas, provide shelter for marine mammals and birds, and have been integral for
List of World Heritage Sites in Canada
List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Canada
the polar regions, often forming on the downwind side of leads and in polynyas, and in certain conditions may take on an oily or "greasy" appearance.
Glossary_of_meteorology
Urban-type settlement in Magadan Oblast, Russia
Yakuts. Its name derives from the Yakut language word Kheymchen, meaning Polynya. In the 19th century, the trade route between the Kolyma region and the
Seymchan (urban-type settlement)
Seymchan_(urban-type_settlement)
Recent shrinking of glaciers due to global warming
by enhanced basal melting, because of ocean processes, and affected by polynya activity. Additionally, warm Circumpolar Deep Water, has been observed
Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850
Worldwide glaciation episodes during the Proterozoic eon
severe phases of the frozen period. In small regions of open sea water: polynya. These natural ice holes can occur from the action of winds, currents or
Snowball_Earth
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
ice from beneath, forming historic polynyas (areas of open water, like the reappearance of the Maud Rise polynya, four times the size of Wales) 2024
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean north of the Bering Strait
Exploration Niven, J., The Ice Master, The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk. Polynyas in the Chukchi Sea: [1] Polar bear protection in the Chukchi Sea: Polar
Chukchi_Sea
Canadian waterway
opens to the north. North Kent Island is situated within the strait. A polynya forms in Cardigan Strait most winters, used by wintering Bearded and Ringed
Cardigan_Strait
Glacier of Antarctica
icebergs from the calved glacier tongue has reduced the effectiveness of the polynya west of Mertz Glacier that acted as one of Antarctica's major areas for
Mertz_Glacier
Genus of fishes
Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1874) (Pisces: Gadidae) in the Northeast Water Polynya (Greenland)". Polar Biology. 20 (5): 357–363. Bibcode:1998PoBio..20..357S
Arctogadus
Sea-ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity
Arctic sea ice ecology and history Climate change Iceberg Polar ice cap Polynya Shelf ice Antarctic sea ice Polar Sea Ice Cap and Snow – Cryosphere Today
Arctic_ice_pack
Topics referred to by the same term
Vok Beverages, Australian drinks manufacturer Vök, an Icelandic term for Polynya Vlky (in Hungarian Vök), a village and municipality in Senec District in
Vok
Collections of ice crystals in open water
supercooled layer. Frazil ice can be found on the downwind side of leads and in polynyas. In these environments, that ice can eventually accumulate at the water
Frazil_ice
Sea ice of the Southern Ocean
the northward-moving ice leaves areas of open water (coastal latent-heat polynyas), which rapidly freeze. Because Antarctic ice is mainly first-year ice
Antarctic_sea_ice
Deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica
the western edge of the Ross Sea. The Ross Sea circulation, dominated by polynya processes, is in general very slow-moving. Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW)
Ross_Sea
2016 novel by Ian McGuire
(UK)/Scribner (UK). The "north water" of the title is the North Water Polynya, to which ships sail in the endless pursuit of whales for their valuable
The_North_Water_(novel)
Family of fishes
(2011-12-15). "Early season depletion of dissolved iron in the Ross Sea polynya: Implications for iron dynamics on the Antarctic continental shelf". Journal
Channichthyidae
having many nodes. polynya An area of unfrozen seawater surrounded by an otherwise contiguous area of pack ice or fast ice. Polynyas are often formed along
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z)
Ship built in 1989
the ice, biology, oceanography, and biogeochemistry of the Amundsen Sea Polynya. There was a controversy that Oden was not assisting the shipping in Swedish
Oden_(1988_icebreaker)
Island of the Arctic Archipelago in Nunavut, Canada
area (on both the Ellesmere and Greenland sides) due to its proximity to polynyas and its position on transportation routes. From settlements at Smith Sound
Ellesmere_Island
Species of bacterium
genus of Leeuwenhoekiella which has been isolated from water from the polynya in the Antarctic Ocean. L. polynyae is oxidase and catalase positive. The
Leeuwenhoekiella_polynyae
District in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Bowhead whales are arranged on the beach. There is also a large, permanent polynya near Sireniki. In the 17th century, Semyon Dezhnyov and his Cossacks founded
Providensky_District
Extinct subspecies of carnivore
Pleistocene and Holocene in Relation to Sea Ice Extent and Open Water Polynyas". Open Quaternary. 8 (1): 7. doi:10.5334/oq.107. ISSN 2055-298X. "Ancient
Ursus_maritimus_tyrannus
Selo in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Urban Settlement. The placement of the settlement owes much to a sizeable polynya at the shore of the village, allowing the inhabitants to hunt all year
Sireniki
Separating components of a mixture by their melting points
called brine rejection. Large lakes of higher salinity water, called polynyas, form in the middle of floes, and the water eventually sinks to the bottom
Fractional_freezing
1906-1908 Expedition to northeastern Greenland
Mountain in SE Holm Land the coastal ice of the Dijmphna Sound gave way to a polynya and, as the sleds tried to find a way around the open water, the first
Denmark_expedition
1872-74 Arctic expedition to find the North-East Passage
made very slow progress over ice full of hummocks, cracks, ridges, and polynyas. Only after eight days had they advanced out of sight of the ship. On 1 July
Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition
Oceanic plateau in the Southern Ocean
(near South Georgia Island off South America), and Maud Rise. Weddell Polynya "GEBCO Gridded Bathymetry Data". "Maud Rise". Geographic Names Information
Maud_Rise
Species of bird
ivory gull breeding in Alaska. During the winter, ivory gulls live near polynyas, or a large area of open water surrounded by sea ice. North American birds
Ivory_gull
Stratovolcano in the Antarctic
Hughes, P.; Krissek, L.A. (1985). "Modern sediments of the Terra Nova Bay polynya, Ross Sea, Antarctica". Antarctic Journal of the United States. 20 (5):
Mount_Melbourne
Russian explorer of Northern Siberia
very expedition. Gedenshtrom established the presence of the Siberian polynya – patches of open water in sea ice at the edge of the drifting ice and
Matvei_Gedenshtrom
Outlet of the Great Lakes into the Atlantic
a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions including seasonal ice cover, polynyas, fronts, gyres, freshwater input and influences, and large seasonal variations
Gulf_of_St._Lawrence
Ability to see objects underwater
80m, and a record Secchi depth of 79 m has been reported from a coastal polynya of the Eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. In other sea waters, Secchi depths
Underwater_vision
Waterway opening between pack ice and fast ice
flaw. The process begins in autumn. Flaw leads can have interconnected polynyas. The Canadian government's Circumpolar Flaw Lead System Study, through
Flaw_lead
Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada
Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study (CASES) and International North Water Polynya Study (NOW) research projects. It provides complete coverage of more than
ArcticNet
Body of water in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada
with the Qikiqtani Inuit Association. Lancaster Aulacogen North Water Polynya "Lancaster Sound". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada
Lancaster_Sound
Mixing of seawater at different depths
deep mixing. The convection in the Weddell Sea is mostly associated with polynya. According to Akitomo et al. (1995), Arnold L. Gordon was the first to
Open_ocean_convection
Gedenschtrom, explorer of the New Siberian Islands, discoverer of Siberian polynya Maria Klenova, a founder of marine geology, made the first complete seabed
List_of_Russian_people
Southern half of the global ocean current system
Nihashi, Sohey (2008). "Mapping of sea ice production for Antarctic coastal polynyas". Geophysical Research Letters. 35 (7) 2007GL032903. Bibcode:2008GeoRL
Southern Ocean overturning circulation
Southern_Ocean_overturning_circulation
Strait in Greenland
Peninsula in 1882–1883, but ended up stuck in the Kara Sea pack ice. A polynya forms at the foot of the steep cliffs of Mallemuk Mountain so that there
Dijmphna_Sound
Species of mammal
where they have been observed between belts of pack ice and in leads and polynyas – often in heavy ice cover. Some individuals have become trapped in the
Antarctic_minke_whale
(1995). Peracarid fauna (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Northeast Water Polynya off Greenland: documenting close benthic-pelagic coupling in the Westwind
List_of_Cumacea_literature
Group of islands in the Laptev Sea
is subject to severe Arctic weather. Although there are some offshore polynyas towards the north, there is fast ice between the Dunay Islands and the
Dunay_Islands
Expedition to study the Arctic
April 1902, reporting that 7 miles away from Kotelny Island he ran into a polynya and turned back. On 29 April, Birulya with three Yakuts was sent to New
Russian polar expedition of 1900–1902
Russian_polar_expedition_of_1900–1902
Bay in eastern Greenland
several factors, such as availability of open water in the mouth, with polynyas not freezing even in winter, protection from the winds by the high relief
Scoresby_Sound
Marginal sea northwest of Russia, in the southeastern Barents Sea
fast ice covers the floor of the Sea's coastal zone. On top of it is flaw polynya. It supports a unique benthic ecosystem. The productive benthic environment
Pechora_Sea
Hypothesized ice-free ocean surrounding the North Pole
Arctic summer, it would melt all the ice. Russian explorers had found large polynyas (areas of open water) north of Svalbard and so there were surely other
Open_Polar_Sea
Island group of northeast Greenland
Amdrup Land. The waters around the islands are part of the North East Water polynya, a seasonal area of open water surrounded by ice. List of islands of Greenland
Henrik_Krøyer_Holme
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
Girl/Female
Muslim
Intelligent
Boy/Male
Latin
Conqueror.
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Smith; Blacksmith
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pranvuta | பà¯à®°à®‚வà¯à®¤à®¾
Praised
Girl/Female
Greek American
Myrtle.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Suitable, Polite, Creator
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Leave; Mercy; Forgiveness; Another Name for God; Pardon; Benevolence; To Conceal
Male
Scottish
Scottish Gaelic form of Irish Gaelic Parthalán, possibly PÀRLAN means "son of Talmai."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Conquering
Surname or Lastname
Irish
Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Beargha ‘descendant of Beargh’, a byname meaning ‘plunderer’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Báire ‘descendant of Báire’, a short form of either of two Gaelic personal names, Bairrfhionn or Fionnbharr.English, of Welsh origin : patronymic from Harry, the medieval English vernacular form of Henry, preceded by Welsh ap ‘son of’. Compare Parry.Variant spelling of Barrie 1.
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
POLYNYA
POLYNYA