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Ancient Greek historian and politician of the 2nd century BC
using Polybius as a source for Scipio's generalship, notes Polybius's underlying and overt bias in Scipio's favour. H. Ormerod considers that Polybius cannot
Polybius
Fictitious 1981 arcade game
that players returned to Polybius repeatedly until they went insane, died, or vanished. The lack of any surviving Polybius cabinets is explained by men
Polybius_(urban_legend)
Topics referred to by the same term
up Polybius in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Polybius (c. 203 BC – 120 BC) was an ancient Greek historian. Polybius may also refer to: Polybius (freedman)
Polybius_(disambiguation)
Account of the rise of Rome by Polybius
being Vaticanus Gr. 124 (dated A.D. 947). Polybius' Histories begin in the year 264 BC and end in 146 BC (Polybius was born around 200 BC and died around
Histories_(Polybius)
Type of code
The Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the ancient Greeks[when?] Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and made famous
Polybius_square
Genus of crabs
Polybius is a genus of crabs in the family Polybiidae. It contains the following species: Polybius bolivari (Zariquey Álvarez, 1948) Polybius corrugatus
Polybius_(crab)
Carthaginian general and statesman (247–183/181 BC)
xv Chaplin, Jane Dunbar, Livy's Exemplary History, p. 66 Polybius, The Histories of Polybius, 2 Vols., trans. Evelyn S. Shuckburgh (London: Macmillan
Hannibal
Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)
bring not only four but eight legions into the field. — Polybius, The Histories of Polybius Rome typically employed four legions each year, each consisting
Battle_of_Cannae
Freedman of Emperor Claudius
appreciative of his help that Polybius was allowed to walk between the consuls when on official business. Around 43 AD, when Polybius lost a brother, the exiled
Polybius_(freedman)
218 BC Carthaginian attack against the Roman Republic through the Alps
according to Polybius (3.56), but the Taurini according to both Livy (21.38) and, it seems, Polybius himself later on (see below). Polybius does not identify
Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps
2017 shoot 'em up video game
2016, Llamasoft announced a game called Polybius for the PlayStation 4 with support for the PlayStation VR. Polybius was added on the PlayStation store on
Polybius_(2017_video_game)
ICO report and plans of Polybius – Project: PolybiusBank". PolybiusBankProject. 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2017-12-13. "Polybius : la première banque pour
List of highest-funded crowdfunding projects
List_of_highest-funded_crowdfunding_projects
2nd Century Christian Bishop
Polybius was a 2nd-century Christian bishop of Tralles mentioned in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch in his Epistle to the Trallians where is described
Polybius_of_Tralles
Carthaginian general (c. 275 – 228 BC)
Hannibal, p. 135 Polybius 1.76.4–5 Polybius 1.82.5 Polybius 1.73.7 Polybius 1.84.3 Polybius 1.85.7 Polybius 1.85.6 Polybius 1.86.7 Polybius 1.87.3 Diodorus
Hamilcar_Barca
Species of crab
Polybius navigator is a species of crab in the family Polybiidae. Polybius navigator is found chiefly around the British Isles; its range covers the northeast
Polybius_navigator
Political doctrine
Aristotle, but is mainly attributable to the ancient Greek historian Polybius. Polybius' explanation of anacyclosis is found in Book VI of The Histories.
Anacyclosis
Final battle of the Second Punic War (202 BC)
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". Roman and Greek sources
Battle_of_Zama
Species of crab
Polybius holsatus, sometimes known by the common name flying crab, is a species of swimming crab found chiefly in the North Sea, Irish Sea and English
Polybius_holsatus
Species of crab
Polybius zariquieyi is a species of crab found in the Mediterranean Sea. It closely resembles Polybius pusillus and was for a long time confused with that
Polybius_zariquieyi
Species of crab
Polybius vernalis, the grey swimming crab, is a small, shallow-water crab in the family Portunidae. P. vernalis was believed to be a strictly Mediterranean
Polybius_vernalis
Areas of influence by ancient Greece and Rome
constitution of the Roman Republic, Polybius described the system as being a "mixed" form of government. Specifically, Polybius described the Roman system as
Greco-Roman_world
Species of crab
was assigned and the description given seems to more closely resemble Polybius corrugatus. Since Linnaeus' initial 1767 description, the velvet crab has
Velvet_crab
Species of butterfly
Phocides polybius polybius (Suriname, Guyana) Phocides polybius lilea (Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, Mexico to Colombia, Brazil) Phocides polybius phanias
Phocides_polybius
Ancient torture device
Apega are mentioned in Adrienne Mayor’s “Gods and Robots”. Polybius, 13.7. The thrust of Polybius' anecdote is the extent to which the tyrannical cruelty
Apega_of_Nabis
5th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, r. 204-180 BC
1. Polybius 15.25.16-19 Polybius 16.25.20-27.3 Polybius 15.27-34 Bevan, Chapter 8. Polybius 16.21-22 Justin 30.2.8 Hölbl 2001, pp. 136–140 Polybius 16
Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes
War between Rome and Carthage (218–201 BC)
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". This could be increased
Second_Punic_War
War between Rome and Carthage (264–241 BC)
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". This could be increased
First_Punic_War
Roman politician and general (185–129 BC)
Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Live of Aemilius, 22.2–7 Polybius, The Histories, 35.4.1–7 Polybius, The Histories, 35, 4.8–14 Velleius Paterculus, Roman
Scipio_Aemilianus
British YouTuber and product reviewer (born 1976)
created another Indiegogo campaign for the sequel titled, Ashens and the Polybius Heist. By the time funding was closed, the project earned more than US$195
Stuart_Ashen
Carthage-Rome engagement, 149–146 BCE
historians Livy (who relied heavily on Polybius), Plutarch and Dio Cassius. The classicist Adrian Goldsworthy states "Polybius' account is usually to be preferred
Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)
Siege_of_Carthage_(Third_Punic_War)
Indian king
reference only in "The Histories" of Polybius. Sophagasenus is probably derived from the name Subhāgasena. Polybius (c. 204 – c. 122 BCE), the Greek historian
Sophagasenus
Encryption system
classical cryptography, the bifid cipher is a cipher which combines the Polybius square with transposition, and uses fractionation to achieve diffusion
Bifid_cipher
4th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt (r. 221–204 BC)
128 Polybius 5.67 Polybius 5.68–71 Polybius 5.79–87; Justin, Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 30.1 Raphia Decree (link to text); Polybius 5.87 Polybius 5.100
Ptolemy_IV_Philopator
Roman general and dictator (100–44 BC)
Lucian Pausanias Philostratus Phlegon of Tralles Photius Plutarch Polyaenus Polybius Porphyrius Priscus Procopius Simplicius of Cilicia Sozomen Stephanus Byzantinus
Julius_Caesar
Wars between Rome and Carthage (264–146 BC)
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". Those who did not
Punic_Wars
Species of crab
Polybius depurator, sometimes called the harbour crab or sandy swimming crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean
Polybius_depurator
King of Sophene and Commagene from 228 to 212 BC
Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great. He is attested in Polybius 8.23.3–5 and possibly also in Polybius 25.2.11. The only certain ancient reference to Mithridates
Mithridates (nephew of Antiochus III)
Mithridates_(nephew_of_Antiochus_III)
Species of crab
Polybius marmoreus, sometimes known as the marbled swimming crab, is a species of crab found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean
Polybius_marmoreus
Mythical torture device
S.J., Grace Monahan, O.S.U., and Daniel J. Honan. Polybius (2013-11-08), The Histories of Polybius, vol. II, translated by Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh,
Iron_maiden
3rd century BC mercenary hired by Carthage
supported by Polybius' assertion that Xanthippus returned to Greece rather than stopping in Lilybaeum, a more likely claim as Polybius lived closer to
Xanthippus (Spartan commander)
Xanthippus_(Spartan_commander)
Ancient city, capital of the Median Empire
Jamshid. Ecbatana has also been mentioned by other Greek historians such as Polybius, Ctesias, Justin, and Xenophon. The Assyrians do not seem to mention Ecbatana
Ecbatana
Gallic mercenary warriors
ie/25265 Polybius, Histories 2.:5 Polybius, Histories 2:26-27 Polybius, Histories 2:28.3-7 Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 5.30 Polybius, Histories
Gaesatae
Species of crab
Polybius pusillus, common name dwarf swimming crab, is a species of crab in the Portunidae family. Polybius pusillus is a small, colourful species with
Polybius_pusillus
Type of social theories
version of the anacyclosis is heavily inspired by Polybius' writings. Cicero argues, contrary to Polybius, that the Roman state can prevail and will not
Social_cycle_theory
Crater on the Moon
Polybius is a lunar impact crater in the southeast part of the Moon, and is named after ancient Greek historian Polybius. It is located to the south-southeast
Polybius_(crater)
Means of communication used in Ancient Greece
left set. Polybius writes that he later perfected the system (see Polybius square). Byzantine beacon system Optical communication Polybius square Greek
Phryctoria
Armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic
Goldsworthy (2001) 49 Polybius VI 26 Based on Polybius VI.19–26 Fields (2007) 32 Smith (1890) Equites Polybius VI.19 Polybius VI.34 Polybius VI.19, 26 Goldsworthy
Roman army of the mid-Republic
Roman_army_of_the_mid-Republic
King of the Seleucid Empire from 175 to 164 BC
Antiochus IV is the Greek historian Polybius, generally considered one of the highest-quality sources on the time period. Polybius paints a negative picture of
Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes
Naval battle in 260 BC
frère! Polybius, 1:23.3 Tacitus, The Annals 2.49 Polybius, The General History of Polybius, Book I, p. 24 Polybius, The General History of Polybius, Book
Battle_of_Mylae
Species of crab
henslowii. Polybius henslowii was first described by William Elford Leach in 1820, originally as the only species in his new genus Polybius. The genus
Polybius_henslowii
Fictional and actual practice of wearing little or no clothing in battle
nudity was established in the art of ancient Greece by the Archaic period. Polybius' Histories describe how the Gaesatae, hired by other Celtic peoples, the
Nudity_in_combat
3rd-century BC Egyptian royal mistress
ISBN 978-0-8143-2230-7. Retrieved 8 December 2022. Polybius 15.25.37, 15.33.7 Polybius 15.30.5 Polybius 15.33.11 Ptolemaic Genealogy: Agathoclea, Footnote
Agathoclea_(mistress)
3rd-century BC mutiny of part of the Carthaginian army
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". 3,200 talents was
Mercenary_War
War between Rome and Macedonia, 214–205 BC
Macedonian army Polybius, 2.11. Polybius, 3.16, 3.18–19, 4.66. Polybius, 5.101. Polybius, 5.102. Polybius, 5.103–-105. Polybius, 5.103. Polybius, 5.104. According
First_Macedonian_War
Species of crab
Polybius dioscurus, the Atlantic grey swimming crab, is a small, shallow-water crab in the family Polybiidae. P. dioscurus is a northeast Atlantic species
Polybius_dioscurus
War in Crete, c. 220– c. 216 BC
p. 44. Polybius, The Histories, IV 53–55. Polybius, IV 43–52. Polybius, IV 53. Polybius, IV 53, 7. Polybius, IV 53, 8–10 and 55, 6. Polybius, IV 54.
Lyttian_War
Battle between the Romans and the Celts (225 BC)
2:23–24 Polybius, Histories 2:25 Polybius, Histories 2:26–27 Polybius, Histories 2:27–28 Polybius, Histories 2:28–30 Polybius, The Histories of Polybius Book
Battle_of_Telamon
Last king of Sparta from 207 to 192 BC
Secondly, Polybius' father Lycortas was one of the leaders of the Achaean League, the hereditary enemy of Sparta during these years. Polybius was also
Nabis_of_Sparta
Contentious rhetoric
writing was common in Ancient Greece, as in the writings of the historian Polybius. Polemics again became common in medieval and early modern times. Since
Polemic
the Loire river described by Polybius and Pytheas. Neither original sources have survived, but Pytheas is quoted by Polybius, who is in turn quoted by Strabo
Corbilo
Iberian chieftains
572 Livy 27.17 Livy 22.21 Polybius 3.76 The Library of History of Diodorus Siculus Ihne, p. 356 Williams, p. 280 Polybius 9.11 Livy 26.49 Dio 16.8 (42)
Indibilis_and_Mandonius
211 BC military movement
Rome. Polybius IX, 3.1. Polybius IX, 3.2. Polybius IX, 3.3. Polybius IX, 3.4. Polybius IX, 4.5-6. Polybius IX, 4.7-8 Livy XXVI, 7.3-5. Polybius IX, 5
Hannibal's_March_on_Rome
3rd century BC Roman politician and general
4.2.3. Polybius, 2.32, 33. Plutarch, "The Life of Fabius Maximus", 4.2. Polybius, 2.33 2-3. Polybius, 2.33 4. Polybius, 2.33 7-8. Polybius, 2.33 9.
Gaius Flaminius (consul 223 BC)
Gaius_Flaminius_(consul_223_BC)
Battle of the Syrian Wars (217 BC)
Bill Thayer (ed.). "The Histories of Polybius – Book 5". University of Chicago. Retrieved 22 June 2010. Polybius V. 65 and V. 79–87. Gowers, William (1948)
Battle_of_Raphia
King of the Seleucid Empire from 222 to 187 BC
Press. pp. 604–605. [1] Polybius, Histories. 5.56 Polybius, Histories. 5.57 Polybius, Histories. 5.58 Chahin 1987, p. 190. Polybius 8.23.3. On the identity
Antiochus_III_the_Great
General of the Aetolian League
has been a street named after Dorimachus since 1920. Polybius, Book IV Visowa, 1905. p. 77 Polybius, Histories IV,67,3 Visowa, 1905. p. 80 Smith's Dictionary
Dorimachus
Tactical unit of the Roman Republic
system was faded from ancient sources and was replaced by the cohort unit. Polybius first described the maniple in the mid-2nd century BC. The manipular legion
Maniple_(military_unit)
Ruler of the Seleucid Kingdom from 225 to 223 BC
Geschichte der kleinasiatischen Galater, Leipzig 1907, p. 27 n. 1. Polybius 4.51.4; 8.20.11. Polybius 4.51.1–4; Bouché-Leclercq, Auguste, Histoire des Séleucides
Seleucus_III_Ceraunus
Greek historian (died c. 260 BC)
influential historian between the time of Ephorus (4th century BC) and Polybius (2nd century BC). In the words of scholar Lionel I. C. Pearson, Timaeus
Timaeus_(historian)
Battle between the Roman Republic and Corinth and its allies in 146 BC
film The Centurion. Cassius Dio XXI.72 Polybius 38.9 Gruen 1976, p. 69. Gruen 1976, p. 66. Dio, XXI.72 Polybius, 39.8 Gruen 1976, p. 67. Pausanias, 7.16
Battle_of_Corinth_(146_BC)
Phoenician city-state
Carthaginians, Routledge, p. 153. Polybius, Book 6, 52. On the Perseus project Gibson, Bruce; Harrison, Thomas (2013). Polybius and His World: Essays in Memory
Ancient_Carthage
Unbroken cipher
similarities to the Polybius square, which the author used as examples in his book. He explicitly solves an example of a Polybius square based cipher
D'Agapeyeff_cipher
Military force of the Carthaginians
Ancient authors, such as Polybius and Livy, tend to stress Carthage's reliance on mercenary units. For instance, Polybius emphasized the point that the
Military_of_Carthage
Roman military execution method
soldier was cudgeled to death. It is described by the Greek historian Polybius in a passage observing that Roman soldiers were motivated to stand fast
Fustuarium
Confederation of ancient Greek city-states (280–146 BC)
autonomy. Through the writings of the Achaean historian and statesman Polybius, this structure has had an influence on the constitution of the United
Achaean_League
Hellenistic soldiers equipped with mail
(1982), p. 115 Webber (2011), p. 179 Polybius IV.12.3; XI.11.4-5;14.1;15.5 Plutarch Philopoemen 9.1ff. Polybius X.29.6 Head (1982), p. 115 Bar-Kochva
Thorakitai
Ἀπολλωνία) was an ancient city in northern Crete located near modern Gazi. Polybius reports an alleged incident in which the city was betrayed by Kydonia,
Apollonia_(northern_Crete)
8th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt
FGrH 260 F 49a Grainger 2010, pp. 296–7 Polybius 28.19 Polybius 20.23 Grainger 2010, pp. 297–300 Polybius 29.23.4; Porphyry FGrH 260 F 2.7 Grainger
Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon
that of Gelo himself. Polybius VII 8. Schweighauser, ad Polybius V 88 ; Diodorus Siculus Ex. Vales XXVI. Livy XXIII 30. Polybius VII 4 ; Justin XXVIII
Gelo,_son_of_Hiero_II
Battle of the First Punic War
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". Quintus Caedicius
Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC)
Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(255_BC)
Ancient Greek historian
writings were used as a source by Polybius and Diodorus for their descriptions of the First Punic War. Although Polybius uses Philinus' writings, he also
Philinus_of_Agrigentum
Biography and Mythology, "Zeuxis", p1324 Polybius, v. 46 Polybius, v. 51 Polybius, v. 45-60 Polybius, xxi. 13 Polybius, xvi. 1, 24 J. and L. Robert, Fouilles
Zeuxis_(general)
Founder of Islam (c. 570–632)
Personalism Philosophers Ancient Aristotle Confucius Laozi Mencius Mozi Plato Polybius Socrates Xunzi Medieval Al-Ghazali Al-Farabi Aquinas Augustine Avempace
Muhammad
Encoding for text messages
metal bars, pipes or the walls inside a cell. The tap code is based on a Polybius square using a 5×5 grid of letters representing all the letters of the
Tap_code
King of Bithynia, 228–182 BC
1. 1957 Polybius. Histories. He had also seized their Asiatic territory, a part of Mysia which had long been in their possession. Polybius. Histories
Prusias_I_of_Bithynia
208 BC battle
own person Polybius. Histories. In this engagement Antiochus is reputed to have shown the greatest gallantry of any of his men. Polybius. Histories.
Battle_of_the_Arius
211 BC battle of the Second Punic War
was fought in 211 BC, when the Romans besieged Capua. It is described by Polybius at 9.4–7, by Livy at 26.4–6, and by Appian at 37–44 of his Hannibalic War
Siege_of_Capua_(211_BC)
Battle of the Social War
Elis, writer of a history of the Olympic games. Polybius, V 94. Greek Anthology, VII 438 and 541. Polybius; Frank W. Walbank (trans.) (1979). The Rise of
Battle_of_Leontion
Queen regent of the Ardiaei
158–159. Wilkes 1992, p. 159. Eckstein 1995, p. 154. Polybius 2010, 2:8:9. Wilkes 1992, p. 160. Polybius 2010, 2:8:11. Cassius Dio 1914, 12, Zonaras 8, 19
Teuta
Greek philosopher – 3rd Century BCE
mainly wrote about the history of Rhodes, and was a contemporary of Polybius. Polybius made extensive use of Zeno's historical work, especially on the dealings
Zeno_of_Rhodes
Tribe of giants in the Odyssey
from Laestrygon, son of Poseidon. According to Thucydides (6.2.1.) and Polybius (1.2.9) the Laestrygones inhabited southeast Sicily; Pliny the Elder in
Laestrygonians
Naval battle of the First Punic War; possibly the largest in history
Sources other than Polybius are discussed by Bernard Mineo in "Principal Literary Sources for the Punic Wars (apart from Polybius)". Lazenby 1996, p. 85
Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus
Confederates of Roman Republic
minimum rating for legionary service between Polybius (400 drachmae) and Livy (1,100). In addition, Polybius states that the proletarii were assigned to
Socii
Governing and advisory assembly of the aristocracy
historian Polybius, the principal source on the Constitution of the Roman Republic, the Roman Senate was the predominant branch of government. Polybius noted
Senate_of_the_Roman_Republic
War in 146 BC between Rome and the Achaean League
as seen today Derow 1989, pp. 290–323. Polybius 23 Livy 39.37 Polybius 23.17 Gruen 1976, pp. 46–69. Polybius 38.10-14. Pausanias, 7.11 Gruen 1976, pp
Achaean_War
Carthaginian general (died 238 BCE)
vision in the Histories of Polybius, University of California Press, 1995, ISBN 0-520-08520-5, p. 177 Polybius Histories "Polybius on the Mercenaries War"
Hannibal_(Mercenary_War)
Piece of siege equipment
retract it, pulling away some of the wall with it. The Greek historian Polybius, in his Histories, mentions the use of such weapons at the Roman siege
Siege_hook
English military and political leader (1599–1658)
Kant Locke Machiavelli Madison Marx Mazzini Mill Montesquieu Paine Pettit Polybius Rousseau Sandel Sidney Skinner (Quentin) Sunstein Tocqueville Warburton
Oliver_Cromwell
English classical scholar and historian (1909–2008)
Macedon (1940), The Awful Revolution (1946; 1969), Polybius (1972; 1990), A Historical Commentary on Polybius, 3 vols. (1957, 1967, 1979), The Hellenistic World
F._W._Walbank
Queen of Ptolemaic Egypt
Chris (2013). "Cleopatra I". Polybius 18.51.10 and 28.20.9; Livy 33.40.3 and 35.13.4; Appian, Syriaca 3.13 and 5.18 Polybius 28.1.2-3 and 28.20.6-10; Josephus
Cleopatra_I_Syra
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Dew; Generous
Male
African
has a scarred jaw (?).
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Australian, Gaelic
Landmark; Memorial of Piled-up Stones
Boy/Male
Arabic, Farsi, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Water; Sun
Girl/Female
Teutonic American Hungarian English German
Intelligent or noble.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dayashankar | தயாஷஂகர
Merciful Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One Born with Guru's Blessing
Boy/Male
Hebrew
My father is Lord.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Making All Happy
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
POLYBIUS
n.
A European crab (Polybius Henslowii).