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American philosopher (born 1932)
Alvin Carl Plantinga (born November 15, 1932) is an American analytic philosopher and theologian who is a leading figure in the Reformed epistemology
Alvin_Plantinga
Surname list
Plantinga is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alvin Plantinga (born 1932), American analytic philosopher Cornelius Plantinga (born
Plantinga
Logical argument against the problem of evil
Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense is a logical argument developed by the American analytic philosopher Alvin Plantinga and published in its final version
Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense
Alvin_Plantinga's_free-will_defense
American musicologist
Leon B. Plantinga is an American musicologist specializing in music of the later eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. His writings have influenced scholarship
Leon_Plantinga
School of philosophical thought
Religion, published in 1976, and Alvin Plantinga's "Reason and Belief in God", published in 1983. Although Plantinga's Reformed epistemology developed over
Reformed_epistemology
Philosophical argument
naturalism simultaneously. The argument was first formally proposed by Alvin Plantinga in 1993. The EAAN argues that the combined belief in both evolutionary
Evolutionary argument against naturalism
Evolutionary_argument_against_naturalism
Philosophical question
trademark, hallmark or stamp of their divine creator Plantinga 1965; Plantinga 1977, ch. 4. Plantinga, Alvin (6 December 2012). Tomberlin, H.; Tomberlin
Existence_of_God
Argument for the existence of God
located a second, stronger ontological argument in Anselm's work; Alvin Plantinga challenged this argument and proposed an alternative, based on modal logic
Ontological_argument
Doubt about God's existence
99–100 Plantinga 1998, Lead section, § 1. Cosmological Arguments Rowe 1998, § 2. Justifications for Agnosticism Poidevin 2010, pp. 57–63 Plantinga 1998
Agnosticism
American theologian (born 1946)
Cornelius "Neal" Plantinga Jr. (born 14 February 1946) is an American theologian. He served as president of Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids
Cornelius_Plantinga
Philosophical question
century, but the contemporary version is best represented by Alvin Plantinga. Plantinga offers a free will defense, instead of a theodicy, that began as
Problem_of_evil
Dutch businessman (1846–1922)
Klaas Pieter Plantinga (June 2, 1846 – July 17, 1922) was a Dutch distiller and founder of the Plantinga Distillery in Bolsward, Friesland province, the
Klaas_Plantinga
2000 book by Alvin Plantinga
Warranted Christian Belief is a book written by Alvin Plantinga and published in 2000 (Oxford University Press). It constitutes, after Warrant: The Current
Warranted_Christian_Belief
Christian theodicy of Augustine of Hippo
logic of Augustine's approach has been adapted by Alvin Plantinga, among others. Plantinga's adapted Augustinian theodicy, the free will defence – which
Augustinian_theodicy
View of God without parts or features
Lane Craig, and Alvin Plantinga. In his essay "Does God Have a Nature?", Plantinga calls it "a dark saying indeed". Plantinga presents three arguments
Divine_simplicity
Dutch water polo player (1896–1944)
Piet Hein Plantinga (29 June 1896 – 7 October 1944) was a Dutch male water polo player. He was a member of the Netherlands men's national water polo team
Piet_Plantinga
2001 film by Wes Anderson
2003, p. 92. Perkins 2012, p. 92. Plantinga 2009, pp. 93–94. Perkins 2012, p. 87. Perkins 2012, pp. 91–92. Plantinga 2009, p. 96. Kornhaber 2017. Browning
The_Royal_Tenenbaums
natural explanation has not been found. As Notre Dame theologian Alvin Plantinga acknowledges, this is a "science stopper", and these concepts lack any
Theistic_science
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
God". Time. 7 April 1980. Plantinga 1967. Plantinga 1974. Mackie 1982. Plantinga 1993a. Plantinga 1993b. Plantinga 2000. Plantinga 1993b, p. 235. Alston 1990
Analytic_philosophy
Belief in the teachings of a religion
show how this can go too far,[how?] and Alvin Plantinga deals with it.[clarification needed] While Plantinga upholds that faith may be the result of evidence
Faith
Belief that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe
the context of supernatural theism, as in Plantinga's epistemology. (See also supernormal stimuli). Plantinga argues that together, naturalism and evolution
Naturalism_(philosophy)
1967 book by Alvin Plantinga
Other Minds is a 1967 book by the American philosopher of religion Alvin Plantinga which re-kindled philosophical debate on the existence of God in Anglo-American
God_and_Other_Minds
Theological attempt to resolve the problem of evil
similar justification of human nature. As defined by philosopher Alvin Plantinga, a theodicy is "an answer to the question of why God permits evil". In
Theodicy
Analogy devised by Bertrand Russell
criticised by philosophers Brian Garvey, Peter van Inwagen and Alvin Plantinga, all with varying degrees of religious enthusiasm, as to its validity
Russell's_teapot
Philosophical worldview rejecting anything supernatural
set the bar for 'naturalism' higher." Philosopher and theologian Alvin Plantinga, a well-known critic of naturalism in general, comments: "Naturalism is
Metaphysical_naturalism
Digital library and website
countries. CCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a professor of computer science at Calvin College. It was initiated at
Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Christian_Classics_Ethereal_Library
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Friedrich_Nietzsche
1993 book by Alvin Plantinga
second book in a trilogy written by philosopher Alvin Plantinga on epistemology. In this book, Plantinga introduces the notion of warrant as an alternative
Warrant_and_Proper_Function
1.1.546.7054. Plantinga, Alvin (2012). Alvin Plantinga "Self Profile". Springer Netherlands. pp. 33, 38. ISBN 9789400952232. Plantinga, Alvin (1977).
Religious responses to the problem of evil
Religious_responses_to_the_problem_of_evil
Axioms under the epistemological view called foundationalism
Schema (psychology) Worldview Alvin Plantinga, Faith and Rationality, (London Notre Dame, 1983) pp. 39-44. Here Plantinga is basing his analysis on the ideas
Basic_belief
Hypothesis about life in the universe
do not yield multiple universes with life. Christian philosopher Alvin Plantinga argues that random chance, applied to a single and sole universe, only
Fine-tuned_universe
Theological position on God's knowledge
contemporary Molinists include William Lane Craig, Alfred Freddoso, Alvin Plantinga, Michael Bergmann, Thomas P. Flint, Kenneth Keathley, Dave Armstrong,
Molinism
Philosophical approach
agents who desire truth but use poorly suited methods to pursue it. Alvin Plantinga offers another theory of knowledge closely related to virtue epistemology
Virtue_epistemology
1993 book by Alvin Plantinga
first in a trilogy of books written by the philosopher Alvin Plantinga on epistemology. Plantinga introduces, analyzes, and criticizes 20th-century developments
Warrant:_The_Current_Debate
Epistemological theory that faith is independent of reason
that we must "deny knowledge in order to make room for faith". Alvin Plantinga defines "fideism" as "the exclusive or basic reliance upon faith alone
Fideism
Supreme being in theistic belief systems
theistic personalism (the view held by René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Alvin Plantinga, Richard Swinburne, William Lane Craig, and most modern evangelicals)
God
Philosophical argument that asserts an inconsistency with nonbelief and God's existence
God can bring about unknown greater goods without hiddenness. Alvin Plantinga writes that the statement "We can see no good reason for God to do X"
Argument_from_nonbelief
American philosopher
Oxford University Press, 2016 Two Dozen (or so) Arguments for God: the Plantinga Project, with Trent Dougherty, Oxford University Press, 2018 Yandell,
Jerry_Walls
Property of possessing maximal goodness
result of the problem of evil. However, some philosophers, such as Alvin Plantinga, argue the plausibility of co-existence. The word omnibenevolence derives
Omnibenevolence
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
epistemology since it poses a clear barrier to analyzing knowledge". Alvin Plantinga rejects the historical analysis: According to the inherited lore of the
Gettier_problem
American law enforcement officer (1884–1955)
447–48. ISBN 9781250069986. Retrieved April 15, 2017. Olson, p. 252; Plantinga, p. 152; Wolff, Henry Jr., "Box 13 Is a Black Mark on Texas Politics."[permanent
Frank_Hamer
Argument for the existence of God
argument. Contemporary defenders of the argument from reason include Alvin Plantinga, Victor Reppert and William Hasker. Metaphysical naturalism is the view
Argument_from_reason
American philosopher (1921–2009)
Alvin Plantinga, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Robert Adams, and Michael L. Peterson, Alston helped to found the journal Faith and Philosophy. With Plantinga, Wolterstorff
William_Alston
Danish theologian and philosopher (1813–1855)
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Søren_Kierkegaard
American philosopher (born 1932)
philosophy of education. In Faith and Rationality, Wolterstorff, Alvin Plantinga, and William Alston developed and expanded upon a view of religious epistemology
Nicholas_Wolterstorff
Counter-argument to an argument for the existence of God
theologian Alister McGrath (in The Dawkins Delusion?) and philosophers Alvin Plantinga and Richard Swinburne. Another negative review, by biologist H. Allen
Ultimate_Boeing_747_gambit
Plantiac (called Plantinga Cognac until the early 1960s) is a type of Dutch brandy (vieux). It can be drunk pure or as part of a mix. The colour is medium
Plantiac
Indian ascetic and guru
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Sitaramdas_Omkarnath
Criticism of the concepts, validity and impact of atheism
atheism for being an unscientific position. Analytic philosopher Alvin Plantinga, Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Notre Dame, argues
Criticism_of_atheism
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Subjective attitude that something is true
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Belief
Argument for the existence of God
defenders of the argument are Richard Swinburne, William Alston, Alvin Plantinga, and Alister Hardy. In essence, the argument's structure is as follows:[citation
Argument from religious experience
Argument_from_religious_experience
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Aristotle
Concept in metaphysics
without making Leibniz sound unsure of himself. The philosopher Alvin Plantinga criticized Leibniz's theodicy by arguing that there probably is not such
Best_of_all_possible_worlds
YouTube channel
Hyperallergic. Archived from the original on 2025-04-29. Retrieved 2025-04-29. Plantinga, Carl (2023). Screen Stories and Moral Understanding: Interdisciplinary
Folding_Ideas
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Bertrand_Russell
German philosopher (1724–1804)
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Immanuel_Kant
Churches and Christians that are not aligned to a particular Christian denomination
of catholicity with one another". Presbyterian dogmatic theologian Amy Plantinga Pauw writes that Protestant non-denominational congregations "often seem
Non-denominational Christianity
Non-denominational_Christianity
Awareness of facts, or competency
Scientific Knowledge Niiniluoto 2019 Bird 2022, § 6.2 Incommensurability Plantinga 2018, pp. 222–223 Flynn 2000, pp. 83–84 Clegg 2022, p. 14 Mahadevan 2007
Knowledge
Catholic theological concept
historically, there are still contemporary philosophers, such as Alvin Plantinga, who defend the felix culpa theodicy. The earliest known use of the term
Felix_culpa
French philosopher and mathematician (1596–1650)
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
René_Descartes
Greek philosopher
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Plato
Absence of belief in the existence of deities; the opposite of theism
17–18, citing Parsons, Keith M. (1989). God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytical Defense of Theism. Amherst, New York: Prometheus
Atheism
Christian philosophhy organization
1978–1981: William Alston 1981–1983: Robert Merrihew Adams 1983–1986: Alvin Plantinga 1986–1989: Marilyn McCord Adams 1989–1992: George I. Mavrodes 1992–1995:
Society of Christian Philosophers
Society_of_Christian_Philosophers
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
History_of_religion
Idea that refutes itself
scientist-theologian who is supportive of Plantinga's position. Richard Swinburne is a philosopher that supports and utilizes Plantinga's argument effectively in his
Self-refuting_idea
Disbeliever in central tenets of a religion
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Infidel
English philosopher (1920–2010)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Philippa_Foot
1962 poem
J. L. Schellenberg Paul Draper William L. Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
You_Alone_Exist
American philosopher (1917–2003)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)
International award for affirming life's spiritual dimension
March 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2018. Shortt, Rupert (2 May 2017). "Alvin Plantinga and the Templeton Prize". The Times Literary Supplement. London. Retrieved
Templeton_Prize
Concept in Christian theology
be regarded as an attribute of God, and this in an unlimited sense." Plantinga 1974, p. 10. Kärkkäinen 2017. Warfield 1971, pp. 320–323. Tenney 1975
Sovereignty of God in Christianity
Sovereignty_of_God_in_Christianity
English philosopher and Christian apologist (born 1934)
Theological Seminary. Parsons, Keith M. (1989). God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytic Defense of Theism. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus
Richard_Swinburne
Literary and artistic movement
Sicilia" (PDF) (in Italian). Palermo: Flaccovio editore. Plantinga 1989, pp. 302-3. Plantinga 1989, p. 326. "Ugo Foscolo e il tempio degl'Italiani: Santa
Romanticism_in_Italy
Approach to epistemological questions from a religious perspective
contemporary Christian religious epistemology, as in the work of Alvin Plantinga (born 1932), William P. Alston (1921-2009), Nicholas Wolterstorff (born
Religious_epistemology
Association football club in the Netherlands
DF NED Neal Viereck — DF NED Brian van den Boogaard — DF NED Viggo Plantinga No. Pos. Nation Player — MF NED Noa Dundas — MF NED Sil van der Wegen
Jong_FC_Utrecht
Austrian mathematician (1879–1934)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Hans_Hahn_(mathematician)
Critical investigation of a text
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Exegesis
American philosopher (1942–2024)
(Oxford University Press 2010) (ISBN 0-199-73842-4), co-authored with Alvin Plantinga Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (W. W. Norton & Company 2013)
Daniel_Dennett
In religion and philosophy, immaterial essence of a living being
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Soul
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Karl_Marx
Theological and philosophical doctrine
Augustine Hick Saint Irenaeus Leibniz Maimonides Maistre Malebranche Plantinga Swinburne Thomas Works Dialogue between a Man and His God (c. 1664 BC)
Absence_of_good
Term for an alleged human sense for God
attitude of "true benevolence".[citation needed] Analytic philosopher Alvin Plantinga of the University of Notre Dame gives a definition of a similar modified
Sensus_divinitatis
Fallacious argument against abiogenesis of chance
as the Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit, an argument that philosopher Alvin Plantinga criticised by questioning Dawkins' contention that God is necessarily
Junkyard_tornado
Basic level of knowledge and judgement shared by nearly all people
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Common_sense
Christian hymn writer
2015. "Harry Dixon Loes". Hymntime. hymntime.com. Retrieved 2 May 2015. Plantinga, Harry. "Harry Dixon Loes". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 28 April 2015. Deggans
Harry_Dixon_Loes
Impact and appraisal of Dutch humanist
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Legacy and evaluations of Erasmus
Legacy_and_evaluations_of_Erasmus
Christian theodicy
his own ends would be immoral. The twentieth-century philosopher Alvin Plantinga's free will defense argues that, while this may be the best world God could
Irenaean_theodicy
That which makes or defines an entity
J. L. Schellenberg Paul Draper William L. Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Essence
Family of paradoxes around the definition of omnipotence
J. L. Schellenberg Paul Draper William L. Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Omnipotence_paradox
Epistemological problem
Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252001230. OCLC 133061. Plantinga, Alvin (1967). God and other minds: a study of the rational justification
Problem_of_other_minds
Australian philosopher (1926–2014)
Nozick. The intuitions that lead to this kind of externalism led Alvin Plantinga towards an account of knowledge that added the requirement for 'properly-functioning'
David_Malet_Armstrong
Composition by Ludwig van Beethoven
Leon Plantinga and Alexander Ringer claim that the inspiration for the Eroica theme may have come from Classical era composer Muzio Clementi. Plantinga theorizes
Eroica_Variations
American philosopher (1928–2024)
000, subsequently raised to $30,000. Later awardees have included Alvin Plantinga, Jürgen Mittelstraß, Hilary Putnam, Ruth Millikan, and Thomas Nagel. When
Nicholas_Rescher
Polish–American mathematician (1901–1983)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
Alfred_Tarski
Indian guru (1911?–2008)
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
Alston Antony Flew 1970 1990 2010 William L Rowe Dewi Z Phillips Alvin Plantinga Anthony Kenny Nicholas Wolterstorff Richard Swinburne Robert Merrihew
Gnosticism
British legal philosopher (1907–1992)
F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Reformed William Lane Craig Alvin Plantinga Nicholas Wolterstorff Science Paul Feyerabend Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos
H._L._A._Hart
French philosopher (1925–1995)
David Lewis John Locke G. E. Moore John McDowell Robert Nozick Alvin Plantinga Plato Duncan Pritchard James Pryor Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine Thomas
Gilles_Deleuze
Protestant Christian denomination
Joan Ostling, authors and journalists Alvin Plantinga, philosopher, University of Notre Dame Cornelius Plantinga, theologian, author, president of Calvin
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Early Morning Raga Sung in Rainy Season
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Cross over Water; Ford
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lotus; Goddess Saraswati
Girl/Female
German, Irish
Dark; Dusky
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Leadership
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
To Attack Violently and Persistently
Boy/Male
Tamil
Blessed
Surname or Lastname
English
English : German : from the personal name Keno, derivative of Konrad.German : patronymic from the Frisian personal name Keno; alternatively, but less likely, from a derivation of the old Nordic root gan ‘spell’, ‘magic’, which was used in personal names.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Aniruddhan | அநிரà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à®¨
Which cant be restricted, Courageous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French cof(f)re ‘chest’, ‘box’, applied as a metonymic occupational name for a maker of coffers or chests or, by extension, for a treasurer.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kaufer or Kauffer (see Kaufer).
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA
PLANTINGA