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A planetary surface is where the solid or liquid material of certain types of astronomical objects contacts the atmosphere or outer space. Planetary surfaces
Planetary_surface
Science of planets and planetary systems
structure. Planetary geology applies geology, geophysics and geochemistry to planetary bodies. Geomorphology studies the features on planetary surfaces and reconstructs
Planetary_science
Lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface
directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In
Planetary_boundary_layer
Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
the planetary atmosphere and 99% of the total mass of water vapor and aerosols, and is where most weather phenomena occur. From the planetary surface of
Troposphere
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
the surface and are less dense than on the Earth. The density of the Earth's ionosphere is greater at short distances from the planetary surface in the
Atmosphere
Planetary surface exploration vehicle
sometimes planetary rover) is a planetary surface exploration machine designed to move over the rough surface of a planet or other planetary-mass celestial
Rover_(space_exploration)
Period in Earth's history
atmosphere in an intense "late veneer" bombardment. As the Earth's planetary surface eventually cooled and formed a stable but evolving crust during the
Early_Earth
Construction of structures on planetary surface
Planetary-surface construction is the construction of artificial habitats and other structures on planetary surfaces. Planetary surface construction can
Planetary surface construction
Planetary_surface_construction
Coordinate system for planets
like an analemma. Planetary latitude is an angular coordinate that measures the north-south position of a point on a planet's surface relative to the equator
Planetary_coordinate_system
Geologic structure formed from impact on a planetary surface
produced by impact on a planetary surface, whatever the stage of erosion of the structure. In contrast, an impact crater is the surface expression of an impact
Impact_structure
Stream of charged particles from the Sun
interact freely with the planetary surface. The Earth's Moon has no atmosphere or intrinsic magnetic field, and consequently its surface is bombarded with the
Solar_wind
System of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite
Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so
Planetary_nomenclature
Orbit to planetary surface attack with inert projectiles
or a kinetic orbital strike is the hypothetical act of attacking a planetary surface with an inert kinetic projectile from orbit (orbital bombardment)
Kinetic_bombardment
top Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs Cave – Natural void under a planetary surface Cirque – Amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion Cliff –
Glossary_of_landforms
Hypothetical planetary engineering process
astrophysical criteria must be met before the surface of such a body is considered habitable. Modifying a planetary surface such that it is able to sustain life
Terraforming
Terrestrial planet with the surface covered by molten lava
A lava planet is a type of terrestrial planet whose planetary surface is mostly or entirely covered by magma oceans or pools of erupted lava. Situations
Lava_planet
Depression caused by an impact or geologic activity
consisting of a hole or depression on a planetary surface, usually caused either by an object hitting the surface, or by geological activity on the planet
Crater
Planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals
astronomers, and geophysicists. Terrestrial planets have a solid planetary surface, making them substantially different from larger gaseous planets,
Terrestrial_planet
American aerospace company founded in 2020
for planetary exploration. Jaret B. Matthews, an aerospace engineer, founded Astrolab in January, 2020. Astrolab develops commercial planetary surface mobility
Astrolab
Hypothesized climate effects due to an asteroid or comet impact on Earth
of prolonged cold climate due to an impact event upon the Earth's planetary surface by a large asteroid or comet. If such meteors were to survive atmospheric
Impact_winter
Astronautical use of materials harvested in outer space
exploration crews. It is now very common for spacecraft and robotic planetary surface mission to harness the solar radiation found in situ in the form of
In_situ_resource_utilization
Layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
(closer to outer space) and the cooler layers lower (closer to the planetary surface of the Earth). The increase of temperature with altitude is a result
Stratosphere
Topics referred to by the same term
Surface activity may refer to Stellar magnetic field § Surface activity Plate tectonics, a form of planetary surface activity Surfactant, a surface active
Surface_activity
Hypothesis on the interstellar spreading of primordial life
theory of solar system and planetary formation was gaining favor, and implied that when the Earth first formed, the surface conditions would have been
Panspermia
Movement of an object through air
space, in this case also called spaceflight, without contacting any planetary surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with
Flight
Physical process
In planetary physics, spallation describes meteoritic impacts on a planetary surface and the effects of stellar winds and cosmic rays on planetary atmospheres
Spallation
Transitional concept of geologic time
captured by another world's gravity. When meteorites arrive on a planetary surface, they undergo subsequent chemical alteration and physical modification
Rock_cycle
Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life
An understanding of planetary habitability begins with the host star. The classical habitable zone (HZ) is defined for surface conditions only; but a
Planetary_habitability
Atmospheric explosion of a meteor
meteor exploding within a planetary body's atmosphere after entering, before actually colliding with the planetary surface (lithosphere or hydrosphere)
Meteor_air_burst
Height of the bottom of a cloud
expressed either in metres or feet above mean sea level or above a planetary surface, or as the pressure level corresponding to this altitude in hectopascals
Cloud_base
Geological study of planets
geology. Planetary geology includes such topics as determining the properties and processes of the internal structure of the terrestrial planets, surface processes
Planetary_geology
Proposed crewed Venus flyby
time. Definition of the planetary surface and its properties. Chemical composition of the low atmosphere and the planetary surface. Ionospheric data such
Manned_Venus_flyby
Former NASA Mars rover, active from 2004 to 2010
allowing more extensive geological analysis of Martian rocks and planetary surface features. Initial scientific results from the first phase of the mission
Spirit_(rover)
Prevention of interplanetary biological contamination
Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target
Planetary_protection
Proposed type of space transportation system
orbit. The design would permit vehicles to travel directly between a planetary surface, such as the Earth's, and orbit, without the use of large rockets
Space_elevator
Class of molecules formed by ultraviolet irradiation of organic compounds
including heteropolymers, that give a reddish, organic surface covering on certain planetary surfaces. Tholins are disordered polymer-like materials made
Tholin
Orbits where planets may have liquid surface water
Goldilocks zone, is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface could potentially support liquid water. Liquid water is considered
Habitable_zone
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives
Planetary_nebula
Astrogeological concept
In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process by which the chemical elements of a planetary body accumulate in different areas of that
Planetary_differentiation
Set of non-stellar objects in orbit around a star
interest to astrobiology is the habitable zone of planetary systems where planets could have surface liquid water, and thus, the capacity to support Earth-like
Planetary_system
Three-shaft planetary gearset
An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear
Epicyclic_gearing
ESA/JAXA mission to study Mercury in orbit (2018–present)
The mission comprises two satellites launched together: the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The mission
BepiColombo
Topics referred to by the same term
phases Surface wave, a mechanical wave, in physics Interface (matter), common boundary among two different phases of matter Planetary surface Surface of the
Surface_(disambiguation)
Amount of matter present in an object
free fall), it must be accelerated by a force from a scale or the surface of a planetary body such as the Earth or the Moon. This force keeps the object
Mass
A rover is a planetary surface exploration vehicle designed to move over the surface of a planet or other celestial body to explore, collect information
List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_rovers_on_extraterrestrial_bodies
Cartography of solid objects outside of the Earth
Planetary cartography, or cartography of extraterrestrial objects (CEO), is the cartography of solid objects outside of the Earth. Planetary maps can show
Planetary_cartography
Subgenre of science fiction focusing on adventures on alien planets
Planetary romance (other synonyms are sword and planet, and planetary adventure) is a subgenre of science fiction or science fantasy in which the bulk
Planetary_romance
Supported hypothesis for the origin of life
condensed). It continues that these organic molecules were distributed to planetary surfaces, where life then emerged on Earth and perhaps on other planets. Pseudo-panspermia
Pseudo-panspermia
2015 film by Ridley Scott
days after the announcement of NASA's discovery of water on Mars' planetary surface, which might have aided in boosting its opening. Ticket selling website
The_Martian_(film)
Region around an astronomical object
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which
Magnetosphere
Temperature of a planet when approximated as radiating as a black body
is not in radiative equilibrium. Planetary equilibrium temperature differs from the global mean temperature and surface air temperature, which are measured
Planetary equilibrium temperature
Planetary_equilibrium_temperature
Spaceflight operation
deceleration with respect to the central body or, for launch from a planetary surface, substantial acceleration to reach orbital speed. Higher energy orbits
Orbit_insertion
Sixth planet from the Sun
retrieved 18 November 2020 Melosh, H. Jay (2011). Planetary Surface Processes. Cambridge Planetary Science. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. p. 5
Saturn
Exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler 1520
the cause of this phenomenon could be the direct sublimation of the planetary surface and its emission into space, the intense volcanism caused by the tidal
Kepler-1520b
Space suit for the Martian surface
Aoudo suit by the Austrian Space Forum is a space suit simulator for planetary surfaces. The suit ventilates with ambient air, but has a host of features
Mars_suit
Habitability of the celestial bodies of the Solar System
event in a very short time. It is also suspected that most of the planetary surface was stripped away by a large impact, which would have also removed
Planetary habitability in the Solar System
Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System
Second planet from the Sun
there was no absorption line. Due to the harsh surface environment of Venus, Venus has been under the planetary protection category two, the second lowest
Venus
Planet containing a significant amount of water or other liquid
(like on Titan's surface, which could be the most abundant kind of exosea). The study of extraterrestrial oceans is referred to as planetary oceanography
Ocean_world
Third planet from the Sun
with liquid surface water. Among all rocky Solar System objects it is the most massive, 81 times that of Earth's Moon, and among all planetary-mass objects
Earth
Oval feature on Venus or Miranda
In planetary geology, a corona /kəˈroʊnə/ (plural: coronae /kəˈroʊniː/) is an oval-shaped feature. Coronae appear on both the planet Venus and Uranus's
Corona_(planetary_geology)
Asteroid impact structure in France
the millions of years mostly destroyed its impact crater, the initial surface expression of the asteroid impact, leaving highly deformed bedrock and
Rochechouart_impact_structure
List of celestial bodies with Anatolian and Turkish-origin names approved by the IAU
Turkish cultural and geographical elements are listed below. Other planetary surface features officially named after Anatolian and Turkish cultural and
Turkish_names_in_space
the Martian surface. The study evolved from telescopic and remote-sensing techniques developed by astronomers to study planetary surfaces. However, it
Martian_surface
Life that does not originate on Earth
water may be at the right temperature to exist in liquid form at a planetary surface. This area is neither too close to the star, where water would be
Extraterrestrial_life
Class of planetary rover
Kevin (8 May 2018). "Astrobotic to develop CubeRover standard for planetary surface mobility". Autonomous Vehicle Technology. Archived from the original
CubeRover
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
are added into the delta-v budget when dealing with launches from a planetary surface. Orbit maneuvers are made by firing a thruster to produce a reaction
Delta-v
Highest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud
It is traditionally expressed either in metres above the Earth (or planetary) surface, or as the corresponding pressure level in hectopascal (hPa, equivalent
Cloud_top
Temperature difference per unit of length
forecasting and climate. The absorption of solar light at or near the planetary surface increases the temperature gradient and may result in convection (a
Temperature_gradient
Planitia on Mars
1600 km or 994 mi in diameter and with a floor 2.5 km below the average planetary surface altitude, and has been suggested to be an ancient buried impact basin
Chryse_Planitia
Field of engineering for the design and construction of structures below the ground
construction in an underwater environment Planetary surface construction – Construction of structures on planetary surface Space architecture – Architecture of
Underground_construction
Innermost layer(s) of a planet
A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in
Planetary_core
Method for estimating the age of a planet's surface
estimating the age of a planet or moon's surface based upon the assumptions that when a piece of planetary surface is new, then it has no impact craters;
Crater_counting
Proposed method of Moon landing
ascent is a method of landing a spacecraft on the Moon or another planetary surface directly, without first assembling the vehicle in Earth orbit, or
Direct_ascent
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
zones of their stars (where liquid water can potentially exist on a planetary surface), but Earth remains the only planet known to support life. Such a
Planet
Planetary geologist (1939–2011)
involved with lunar and planetary studies since 1967 and most recently focused his research on understanding planetary surface processes and geologic histories
Ronald_Greeley
Solid debris from outer space that hits a planetary surface
Archived 1 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Bombardment: Shaping Planetary Surfaces and Their Environments 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2107). 30 September
Meteorite
Alternative technology to enable extravehicular activity
hazardous environments including in human spaceflight, especially planetary surface exploration. Suitports present advantages over traditional airlocks
Suitport
The HWC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. Surface planetary habitability is thought to
List of potentially habitable exoplanets
List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets
Study of extraterrestrial oceans
Planetary oceanography, also called astro-oceanography or exo-oceanography, is the study of oceans on planets and moons other than Earth. This field developed
Planetary_oceanography
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
crater counting is currently the only method for determining surface age on most planetary surfaces. Unfortunately, there is currently disagreement in the scientific
Enceladus
Graphical symbols used in astrology and astronomy
Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of
Planetary_symbols
Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere
approximately 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) above the polar regions. Rising from the planetary surface of the Earth, the tropopause is the atmospheric level where the air
Tropopause
Fields of natural science related to Earth
the atmosphere Planetary boundary layer – The lowest part of the atmosphere, directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface By air turbulence
Outline_of_Earth_science
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
Retrieved 25 January 2011. L2 is in deep space far away from any planetary surface and hence the thermal, micrometeoroid, and atomic oxygen environments
Lagrange_point
Rather than space, the player's ship flies over planetary surfaces and through tunnels. On the surface, the player flies over 3D heightmapped terrain,
Total Eclipse (1994 video game)
Total_Eclipse_(1994_video_game)
Fine-grained aluminium phyllosilicates
metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water and have been important
Clay_mineral
Facility fulfilling habitational purposes
Mars analog habitat Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth Planetary surface construction Space architecture Space infrastructure Terrestrial analogue
Space_habitat_(facility)
Feature of the solid surface of a planetary body
A landform is a land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. They may be natural or may be anthropogenic (caused or influenced
Landform
Fictional short range spacecraft class
fiction franchise built for short trips in space, such as between a planetary surface and orbit. Also referred to as shuttles, their introduction preceded
Shuttlecraft_(Star_Trek)
Crater containing multiple concentric topographic rings
objects Impact structure – Geologic structure formed from impact on a planetary surface Peak ring (crater) – Roughly circular ring within an impact craterPages
Multi-ringed_basin
2017 science fiction novel by John Scalzi
be isolated; none are self-sufficient. Humans can only live on a planetary surface on End; they need space stations or underground habitats in other
The_Collapsing_Empire
Architecture of off-planet habitable structures
long-term infrastructure investments Planetary surface construction – Construction of structures on planetary surface Research station – Facility for scientific
Space_architecture
Weapon based solely on a projectile's kinetic energy
American air-to-surface missilePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Kinetic bombardment – Orbit to planetary surface attack with inert
Kinetic_energy_weapon
Planetary surface feature of aeolian origin
A windstreak is a planetary surface feature of aeolian origin characterized by an albedo that contrasts with surrounding surface in an elongated pattern
Windstreak
Largest moon of Saturn
11, 2007). "Cassini VIMS and Altimeter joint study of Titan surface". Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 38 (1338): 1679. Retrieved March 28, 2026
Titan_(moon)
2014 space trading and exploration simulator
Minerals and metals can be extracted from asteroids in planetary rings and on a planetary surface. Some planets have alien organisms, mineral formations
Elite_Dangerous
Larger of the two moons of Mars
on Greek mythology, in which Phobos is a companion to the god, Ares. Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical
Phobos_(moon)
NASA federally funded research and development center
Newton, Jason; Csaszar, Ambrus; et al. (2006). Humanoids for Lunar and Planetary Surface Operations. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
Galilean moons. It is observable from Earth with common binoculars and is a planetary-mass moon, slightly smaller and less massive than Earth's Moon. Europa
Europa_(moon)
Limits not to be exceeded if humanity is to survive in a safe ecosystem
Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may
Planetary_boundaries
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a sheepshearer or someone who used shears to trim the surface of finished cloth and remove excess nap, from Middle English shereman ‘shearer’.Americanized spelling of German Schuermann.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a tailor, from Yiddish sher ‘scissors’ + man ‘man’.Roger Sherman (1722–93), the only man to sign all three documents at the foundation of the American republic (the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution), was born in Newton, MA, a descendant of Capt. John Sherman, who had emigrated in about 1636 to MA from Dedham, Essex, England, where his father was a farmer, following his brother Edmund, who had emigrated two years earlier. A descendant of Edmund Sherman was the U.S. general William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–91), who led the Union march through GA. He was born in Lancaster, OH, the son of a judge; his middle name was bestowed in honor of a Shawnee chieftain.
Girl/Female
American, Assamese, British, Celebrity, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Sindhi, Telugu
A Small; Natural Hollow on the Surface of the Body; Happy; Dimples
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Female
English
 English name derived from the flower name which originally meant "a line of verse engraved on the inner surface of a ring," but later acquired the POSY means "bouquet, flower." Pet form of English Josephine, meaning "(God) shall add (another son)."Â
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from a Germanic personal name, Halidher, composed of the elements halið ‘hero’ + hari, heri ‘army’, or from another personal name, Hildher, composed of the elements hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’ + the same second element.Dutch and North German : topographic name for someone living on a slope, from Middle Dutch helldinge ‘slanting surface’. Compare Halder.English : from an agent derivative of Old English healdan ‘to hold’, hence a name denoting an occupier or tenant. Compare Holder.English : variant of Hilder.English : possibly a variant of Elder, with the addition of an inorganic initial H-.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Means greenery. the lush greenery on the surface of the earth
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name from Yiddish tesler ‘carpenter’. Compare Tesler.German : variant of Teschner.English : from an agent derivative of Old English tǣsel ‘teasel’, hence an occupational name for someone whose job was to brush the surface of newly-woven cloth or to card wood preparatory to spinning, using the dry seed-heads of teasels (a kind of thistle).
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese
Silver Voice; Hell's Door; Slanting Surface
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese name derived from the name of a Dutch town, from Middle Dutch helldinge, HÉLDER means "slanting surface."
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Swiss
Italian Form of Paul; Small; Slanting Surface; Clear
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a stone- or bricklayer, from Middle English setter ‘one who lays stones or bricks in building’ (agent derivative of setten ‘to set’).English : occupational name from Old French saietier ‘silk weaver’ (an agent derivative of sayete, a kind of silk).English : from an agent derivative of Middle English setten ‘to place (decoration, on a garment or metal surface)’, probably an occupational name for an embroiderer.German : unexplained.Norwegian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Means greenery. the lush greenery on the surface of the earth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Greenery; The Lush Greenery on the Surface of the Earth
Male
Portuguese
Variant spelling of Portuguese Hélder, ÉLDER means "slanting surface."
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
Girl/Female
Latin
Luminous.
Boy/Male
Muslim
True, Truth, Real, Right
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kamkrish | கமà¯à®•à¯à®°à¯€à®·
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Gracious; Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Tamil
Merciful Lord Shiva, Compassionate
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Slave of the Extremely Pure
Boy/Male
Muslim
Aggressive, Hardliner
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu
God
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Crown.
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
PLANETARY SURFACE
a.
Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
a.
Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
a.
In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.
a.
Under the dominion or influence of a planet.
a.
Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.
a.
Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.
n.
One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface.
a.
Caused by planets.
n.
A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a shell or a coral.
a.
Of or pertaining to a plane.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
n.
A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth.
n.
A small bladderlike body in the substance of vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf.
n.
A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and daily or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.