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Thermodynamic extension of Debye–Hückel theory
Pitzer equations are important for the understanding of the behaviour of ions dissolved in natural waters such as rivers, lakes and sea-water. They were
Pitzer_equations
American academic administrator (1914–1997)
faculty at Ohio State University. Acentric factor Pitzer equations Pitzer strain Rossini, Frederick D.; Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Arnett, Raymond L.; Braun, Rita
Kenneth_Pitzer
Surname list
Russell K. Pitzer Pitzer equations, thermodynamic equations named after Kenneth S. Pitzer This page lists people with the surname Pitzer. If an internal
Pitzer
Model describing the departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas
extensions are the Davies equation, Pitzer equations and specific ion interaction theory. One such extended Debye–Hückel equation is given by: − log 10
Debye–Hückel_theory
Calculation involving electrolyte solutions
validity of the Debye–Hückel equation. This equation, together with Specific ion interaction theory (SIT) and Pitzer equations is important for the understanding
Bromley_equation
Method to estimate ion activity coefficients in solution
The SIT and Pitzer approaches have been compared recently. The Bromley equation has also been compared to both SIT and Pitzer equations. It has been
Specific ion interaction theory
Specific_ion_interaction_theory
When the ratio of reactants to products of a chemical reaction is constant with time
solutions, equations such as the Debye–Hückel equation or extensions such as Davies equation Specific ion interaction theory or Pitzer equations may be used
Chemical_equilibrium
Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior
can be calculated theoretically by Pitzer equations or TCPC model. Bromley equation Pitzer equation Davies equation van 't Hoff factor Law of dilution
Osmotic_coefficient
Empirical extension of Debye–Hückel theory
the formation of ion pairs, such as Mg2+ SO2− 4. Osmotic coefficient Pitzer equations Davies, C. W. (1962). Ion Association. London: Butterworths. pp. 37–53
Davies_equation
Quantification of the electrical interactions between ions in solution
Overbeek) Interface and colloid science Osmotic coefficient Pitzer equations Poisson–Boltzmann equation Specific ion Interaction Theory Salting in Salting out
Ionic_strength
Measure of the effective concentration of a species in a mixture
solution can also be estimated with the Debye–Hückel equation, the Davies equation or the Pitzer equations. The prevailing view that single ion activities
Thermodynamic_activity
Value accounting for thermodynamic non-ideality of mixtures
calculated theoretically, using the Debye–Hückel equation or extensions such as the Davies equation, Pitzer equations or TCPC model. Specific ion interaction theory
Activity_coefficient
Gas equation of state which accounts for non-ideal gas behavior
qualitatively by the vdW equation. However, the vdW equation of state is a member of a family of state equations based on the Pitzer (acentric) factor,
Van_der_Waals_equation
American mathematician
and historian of mathematics, who is Flora Sanborn Pitzer Professor Emerita of Mathematics at Pitzer College, one of the Claremont Colleges. Her main interest
Judith_Grabiner
and S.A. Dunkle, 1988, PHRQPITZ-A computer program incorporating Pitzer's equations for calculation of geochemical reactions in brines. U.S. Geological
The_Geochemist's_Workbench
different ionic media, ionic strengths and temperatures, by EDH, SIT and Pitzer equations". Journal of Molecular Liquids. 229: 15–26. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2016
Hydrolysis_constant
Canadian-American university president
as the Bradley-Pitzer equation which has been frequently used by scientists to calculate the coefficients in the Debye–Hückel equation. Bradley was born
Daniel_J._Bradley
Measure of the non-sphericity of molecules
The acentric factor ω is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be useful in the description of fluids. It has become a standard
Acentric_factor
Subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with chemical equilibrium
Sometimes activity coefficients can be calculated using, for example, Pitzer equations or Specific ion interaction theory. Otherwise conditions must be adjusted
Equilibrium_chemistry
Month of 1914
Czech Republic) (d. 1989)[citation needed] Kenneth Pitzer, American chemist, known for his Pitzer equations in describing the behavior of molecule ions in
January_1914
American theoretical chemist and educator (1938–2026)
Russell Mosher Pitzer (May 10, 1938 – May 25, 2026) was an American theoretical chemist and educator. Russell Mosher Pitzer was born in Berkeley, California
Russell_M._Pitzer
Hydrated double sulfate of magnesium and potassium
Fleming, G. W.; Dunkle, S. A. (1988). "A Computer Program Incorporating Pitzer's Equations for Calculation of Geochemical Reactions in Brines" (PDF). Water-Resources
Leonite
Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis
of parameters from higher-order approximations) can be used to calculate Pitzer parameters. Empirical parameters are used to quantify the behavior of solutions
Osmotic_pressure
When a molecule is deformed from its lowest-energy conformation by applied stress
the resistance to bond twisting. In cyclic molecules, it is also called Pitzer strain. Torsional strain occurs when atoms separated by three bonds are
Strain_(chemistry)
Energy to convert a liquid substance to a gas at a given pressure
solutions can be simply carried out using equations based on the chemical thermodynamic models, such as Pitzer model or TCPC model. The vaporization of
Enthalpy_of_vaporization
American actor (born 1959)
Quincey Morris 1993 The Night We Never Met Shep Gettysburg Lt. Andrew Lewis Pitzer 1994 Dickwad Chet Short film 1995 Under the Hula Moon Marvin 1995 Out There
Billy_Campbell
Theories of quantum chemistry explained via relativistic mechanics
Education. 68 (2): 110. Bibcode:1991JChEd..68..110N. doi:10.1021/ed068p110. Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1979). "Relativistic effects on chemical properties" (PDF)
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Relativistic_quantum_chemistry
Meanings of mass in special relativity
Physics, 77 (5): 430–431, Bibcode:2009AmJPh..77..430O, doi:10.1119/1.3056168 Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1979). "Relativistic effects on chemical properties" (PDF)
Mass_in_special_relativity
Organic compound (H3C–CH3)
chemistry (8 ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks. p. 95. ISBN 9780840054449. Kemp, J. D.; Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1937). "The Entropy of Ethane and the Third Law of Thermodynamics
Ethane
Energy contained within a system
fundamental equation, for example U = U(S,V,{Nj}), that by itself contains all thermodynamic information about the system. The fundamental equations for the
Internal_energy
Private liberal arts college in Los Angeles, California
Basketball Team reached the SCIAC championship game, ultimately losing to Pomona Pitzer in the Tournament Championship game. Famous Occidental College Tigers include
Occidental_College
American communal utopia
Landing, James E. "Cyrus Reed Teed and the Koreshan Unity," in Donald E. Pitzer (ed.), America's Communal Utopias. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North
Koreshan_Unity
Various molecular structures formed only by rotation about single bonds
deviations from ideal bond angles (Baeyer strain), ideal torsional angles (Pitzer strain) or transannular (Prelog) interactions. Alkane conformers arise from
Rotamer
Species of bird
North and Middle America, Part 2. U.S. National Museum Bulletin no. 50. Pitzer, S., Hull, J., Ernest, H. B., & Hull, A. C. (2008). Sex determination of
Cooper's_hawk
Device to measure temperature
Partial Differential Equations. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Continuum Mechanics and Partial Differential Equations, Rio de Janeiro, August
Thermometer
Elements of an inverted Hessian matrix
inverted Hessian matrix, originally introduced by W. T. Taylor and K. S. Pitzer. The insight in choosing the inverted matrix is from the realization that
Compliance_constants
Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production
Janet Biehl". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved 11 May 2012. Bookchin, Murray (16 June 2004). "Ecology and Revolution". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved 11 May
Socialism
American conceptual artist (born 1944)
Los Angeles exhibitions: In 2012 the Pomona College Museum of Art and the Pitzer Art Gallery in Claremont, CA, exhibited In The Shadow of Numbers, Charles
Charles_Gaines_(artist)
Chemical element with atomic number 118 (Og)
heavier congener of radon. In a 1975 article, American chemist Kenneth Pitzer suggested that element 118 should be a gas or volatile liquid due to relativistic
Oganesson
American physical chemist (1875–1946)
years. His empirical equations for what he called ionic strength were later confirmed to be in accord with the Debye–Hückel equation for strong electrolytes
Gilbert_N._Lewis
American chemist (1919–2011)
barrier to rotation (diagram at left) was first calculated accurately by Pitzer and Lipscomb using the Hartree–Fock (SCF) method. Lipscomb's calculations
William_Lipscomb
Drop in freezing temperature of a solvent due to the addition of solute
2.11 J/(g·K) for water. The solvent activity can be calculated from the Pitzer model or modified TCPC model, which typically requires 3 adjustable parameters
Freezing-point_depression
Category of chemical elements
Mackin 2014, p. 80 Johnson 1966, pp. 105–108 Stein 1969, pp. 5396‒5397; Pitzer 1975, pp. 760‒761 Rochow 1966, p. 4; Atkins et al. 2006, pp. 8, 122–123
Nonmetal
Measure of the size of an atom
41 (10): 3199–3205. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697. Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1 August 1979). "Relativistic effects on chemical properties"
Atomic_radius
Psychological or sociological research
wider audience and conduct experiments in open and diverse environments. Pitzer, D. E. (1989). "Developmental communalism: An alternative approach to communal
Social_experiment
Pair of values which express a thermodynamic system's internal energy
Gilbert Newton; Randall, Merle (1961). Thermodynamics. Revised by Kenneth S. Pitzer and Leo Brewer (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Book. ISBN 9780071138093
Conjugate variables (thermodynamics)
Conjugate_variables_(thermodynamics)
advancing the means of experimentation in this challenging field" Kenneth Pitzer, PhD 1937 – lecturer and professor (1935–1964 and 1971–1984) and dean (1951–1960)
List of University of California, Berkeley faculty
List_of_University_of_California,_Berkeley_faculty
American physicist (1900–1976)
Dahl, Alfred Switendick, Jules Moskowitz, Donald Merrifield and Russell Pitzer did further work on molecules, and Fred Quelle on solids. Slater rarely
John_C._Slater
Medical device for determining the concentration of glucose in the blood
invasive%20Glucose%203rd%20Edition.pdf. Tamada JA, Garg S, Jovanovic L, Pitzer KR, Fermi S, Potts RO (November 1999). "Noninvasive glucose monitoring:
Glucose_meter
C. "The Failure to Repair and the Persistence of Genocide | Pitzer College". www.pitzer.edu. As part of activization of Turkish genocidality in recent
Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan
Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan
Chemical compound containing a noble gas element
440D. doi:10.1038/nchem.2716. PMID 28430195. S2CID 20459726. Kenneth S. Pitzer (1975). "Fluorides of radon and element 118" (PDF). J. Chem. Soc., Chem
Noble_gas_compound
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer". National Science Foundation. Robert Sanders (January 8, 1998). "Memorial service Jan. 25 for the late Kenneth Pitzer, former chemistry
List of University of California, Berkeley alumni
List_of_University_of_California,_Berkeley_alumni
British theoretical chemist and computer scientist
SSMTG who developed and used these programs included Donald Ellis, Russell Pitzer and Donald Merrifield. In 1960, Barnett started to extend a technique he
Michael_P._Barnett
Hypothetical charge of an atom if all its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic
Archived from the original on 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2019-09-16. Noyes, A. A.; Pitzer, K. S.; Dunn, C. L. (1935). "Argentic salts in acid solution, I. The oxidation
Oxidation_state
Molecule containing only halogen elements of two or more kinds
spectrometry". Inorganic Chemistry. 5 (5): 766–769. doi:10.1021/ic50039a016. Pitzer, K. S. (1975). "Fluorides of radon and element 118". Journal of the Chemical
Interhalogen
American chemistry award
and relationships between polymer composition and properties." Kenneth S. Pitzer 1976 "...for immense contributions to quantum mechanics, statistical mechanisms
Willard_Gibbs_Award
American Universities (AAU); member of National Academy of Engineering Kenneth Pitzer, BS 1935; National Medal of Science recipient Dana Powers, BS 1970, PhD
List of California Institute of Technology people
List_of_California_Institute_of_Technology_people
American physical chemist
Berkeley. He obtained a master's degree in 1946, working with Kenneth Pitzer. With Pitzer, Gutowsky studied molecules whose bonds had fewer valence electrons
Herbert_S._Gutowsky
Kimber Selected as Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of Faculty". Pitzer College. March 19, 2025. Retrieved August 15, 2025. Brown, Jeannette E.
List of African-American women in STEM fields
List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields
School of Business; Hoover Fellow Clifford Nass, co-creator of The Media Equation theory of human-computer interaction Darwin Teilhet, mystery novelist,
List of Stanford University faculty and staff
List_of_Stanford_University_faculty_and_staff
History of American theater, 1945-1975 United States History David Cressy Pitzer College John P. Demos Brandeis University Peter Gay Yale University Consensus
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1977
List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1977
PITZER EQUATIONS
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