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Financial-political scandal of the French Fourth Republic
Piastres affair, also known as Piastres scandal or Piastres trade (French: l'affaire des piastres, le scandale des piastres, or le trafic de piastres)
Piastres_affair
Official currency of French Indochina from 1885 to 1952
1 piastre = 17 francs. This increased rate created huge financial opportunity by exchanging piastres into francs since the real value of piastres remained
French_Indochinese_piastre
Affair took on proportions that recalled the Dreyfus affair. Henri Martin French Communist Party Generals' affair First Indochina War Piastres affair
Henri_Martin_affair
Jules Moch (SFIO) to court over the Generals' Affair. Henri Martin Affair Piastres Affair First Indochina War Frederick Logevall, Embers of War, New York
Generals'_affair
1946–1954 French colonial war in Indochina
involving both the French Union army and the Việt Minh, known as the Piastres affair. By 1954, despite official propaganda presenting the war as a "crusade
First_Indochina_War
Defunct French colonial bank
dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 5 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 10 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 10 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 1 piastre (Indochina)
Banque_de_l'Indochine
French politician
April 1953 a scandal over illegal currency exchanges came to light, the Piastre Affair. Letourneau was forced out of office on 28 June 1953 in the aftermath
Jean_Letourneau
Former currency of South Vietnam
The đồng, also called the piastre, was the currency of South Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 xu, also written su. In 1953
South_Vietnamese_đồng
British journalist
second highest decoration in the Ottoman Empire), a settlement of 400,000 piastres (then a very substantial sum), and trade concessions, including the right
William_Nosworthy_Churchill
Tunisia and Kairouan—were exempted. The new tax raised 9.7m piastres out of a total 22.95m piastres of government income. Although burdensome, the new mejba
Mejba_Revolt
Military overthrow of President Ngô Đình Diệm
would not intervene to stop it. Conein also provided 3 million Vietnamese piastres (approx. $42,000 USD) to reward military units that joined the coup. The
1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d'état
Vietnamese bureaucrat of the Nguyễn dynasty (1824–1886)
The French resident superior seized his property and found 14.5 million piastres. On 23 November 1885, Tường was deported to Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean
Nguyễn_Văn_Tường
British archaeologist
through the Dardanelles, was terminated. The price in pounds of the Turkish piastre fell. A manyfold increase in British traffic through straits was anticipated
Frank_Calvert
Monetary union in Africa
and Indochina used a separate pegged currency, the French Indochinese piastre. In West Africa, the CFA franc was issued by the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale
West African Economic and Monetary Union
West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union
Series of military engagements in 1863–1864 between Japan and Western Powers
Japan was forced to choose between paying compensation of three million piastres and opening another port on the Inland Sea. The harbour of Hyōgo was opened
Shimonoseki_campaign
Metric unit of area
proportional, are payable to the state by mine-owners. The fixed rent is 10 piastres per jerib (about 10000 square metres), to be paid whether the mine is worked
Hectare
Albanian currency
with the occupiers. The majority of the population used gold and silver piastres, or gave up on money altogether and bartered instead. In 1923, Italian
Albanian_lek
UNESCO World Heritage Site in southern Egypt
Bernardino Drovetti made an attempt to excavate Abu Simbel, leaving 300 piastres with the local sheikh to pay for digging out the temple entrance, before
Abu_Simbel
1940–41 conflict in French Indochina
they gained from the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. However, the real beneficiaries of the conflict
Franco-Thai_War
Egyptian newspaper
daily in Arabic and on Thursdays in French. Prices per copy reached 5 piastres in 1966 due to raw materials shortages, but were reduced to just 70 milliemes
Al-Waqa'i'_al-Misriyya
Laws on how Ottoman vilayets (provinces) were to be governed
with "ties" to the village who were over 18 years of age, paying 50-plus piastres in direct yearly taxes. These men were able to elect headmen and those
Vilayet_Law
Symbol used to represent a monetary currency's name
original on 8 March 2020. "European Commission – Economic and Financial Affairs – How to use the euro name and symbol". Ec.europa.eu. Archived from the
Currency_symbol
Obsolete currency of Vietnam
e. 160,000 piastres of nominal value in round figures with an expenditure of 120,000 piastres for the purchase of brass, 36,000 piastres for costs manufacturing
Bảo_Đại_Thông_Bảo
Military unit
the Egyptian Labour Corps the pay was 5 piastres per day while the other corps and services paid 6 piastres per day plus clothing and rations. These
Egyptian_Labour_Corps
Institution of the imperial family of the Ming and Qing dynasties
Currency units Văn Mạch Quán Tiền Colonial currencies French Indochinese piastre Laws Hương ước Treaties Saigon (1862) Huế (1863) Saigon (1874) Huế (1883)
Imperial_Clan_Court
1949–1954 associated state of French Union, 1954–1955 independent state
attentistes reunited during the piastre devaluation crisis, triggered by France's unilateral lower of the franc–piastre exchange rate. Through successive
State_of_Vietnam
1946–1958 political entity of France
Houphouet-Boigny, Félix (1957). "Black Africa and the French Union". Foreign Affairs. 35 (4): 593-599 (594-5). doi:10.2307/20031255. JSTOR 20031255. Mortimer
French_Union
Greek Orthodox Christian family in Beirut
supply. He would not sell the grain, which cost 40 piastres in peacetime, for less than 250 piastres. The family owned more than 90,000 acres, or 400,000
Sursock_family
Egyptian piastre was typically valued higher, leading to disparities in exchange, such as 10 Egyptian piastres equaling 11 Turkish piastres around the
Economy_of_Egypt
Last emperor of Vietnam from 1926 to 1945 (1913–1997)
property in Hong Kong, he received a sum of up to one million Indochinese piastres. Shortly after, Bảo Đại wrote a letter back to the country to resign from
Bảo_Đại
Archeological site in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
has in the middle a small mosque, where formerly, on payment of a few piastres baksheish, the keeper of the edifice would lift a flagstone from the centre
Tomb_of_Eve
British general (1833–1885)
its way into the press. Critics said Gladstone had neglected military affairs and had not acted promptly enough to save the besieged Gordon. Critics
Charles_George_Gordon
1759 satirical novella by Voltaire
religious order in which he was indoctrinated. Candide gives two thousand piastres to Paquette and one thousand to Brother Giroflée. Candide and Martin visit
Candide
English statesman and Australian politician (1802–1894)
maint: location missing publisher (link) Griffiths, Owen L. (2018). From piastres to polymer : a history of the paper money of Mauritius from 1720 to 2017
Henry_Grey,_3rd_Earl_Grey
Province of Peru
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Tacna_province
1516–1830 autonomous Ottoman state in North Africa
coinage, was also in use: The pataque chique, also known as the "current piastre of Algiers" in Europe, and known in Algiers as Cezayir doro. Algerian currency
Regency_of_Algiers
President of Laos (1924–2025; served 1998–2006)
Savannakhet in March 1946, Siphandone seized the entire provincial fund (150,000 piastres). He became an officer of the armed wing of the movement and in 1948 their
Khamtai_Siphandone
Leader of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969
father's old friend, to French Secret Service agents in Shanghai for 100,000 piastres. A source states that he later claimed he did it because he expected Châu's
Ho_Chi_Minh
Two common currencies of 14 African countries
franc Congolese franc Currencies related to the euro French Indochinese piastre South Vietnamese đồng CFP franc Djiboutian franc Réunion franc Reichsmark
CFA_franc
Ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848
stood at 80 million francs (£2,400,000). Tax arrears came to 14,081,500 piastres out of a total estimated tax of 75,227,500 pts. Timidly he approached Ibrahim
Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt
President of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963
Saigon businesses, while Luyen became a multimillionaire by speculating in Piastres and Pounds on the currency exchange using inside government information
Ngo_Dinh_Diem
Retail stores that sell general goods
riyal Shop in Saudi Arabia and other Arabian Gulf countries 20 Qirsh (Piastres) Kuruş/ 50 Qirsh and 1 Dinar (US$1.4) shop in Jordan. 25 Liras (Pounds)/
Variety_store
Cast round coin with square hole, currency of Vietnam from 970 to 1948
against the French Indochinese piastre. Because the exchange values between the native cash coins and silver piastres were confusing, the local Vietnamese
Vietnamese_cash
Ottoman Empire civil code of 1877
Abdulhamid II gave Nicolaides, through the Ottoman Internal Affairs fund, 5,000 piastres due to the translations of the legal documents. Nicolaides also
Mecelle
1887–1954 French territories in Southeast Asia
Australian historian Milton Osborne refers to this uprising as "The 1916 Affair", the circumstances leading up to this large revolt were directly caused
French_Indochina
Province of Peru (1823–1929)
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Arica_Province_(Peru)
History of Istanbul under Ottoman rule
kuruşes (also piastres) and paras, Austrian thalers, Dutch leeuwendaalders (also esedi-kuruş and arslans), Seville piastres (also Mexican piastres, sumuns,
Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire
Istanbul_during_the_Ottoman_Empire
Fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy
weighing 37 kilograms (82 lb) and a small chest containing 4,606 Spanish piastres. Over 4–5 September, two small casks were recovered, one with its bottom
HMS_Lutine_(1793)
Merchant ship
large reward for the capture of Surcouf. Her captors sold Kent for 30,900 piastres to a Danish shipping company, which renamed her Cronberg. She left Mauritius
Kent_(1799_ship)
Yazidi principality
post had left him heavily indebted. Rassam estimated his debts at 122,000 piastres. During a subsequent dispute over the surrender of the residence at Baadre
Sheikhan_principality
Walled complex in Huế, Vietnam
was the agency of the Nguyen Dynasty in charge of the royal family's affairs, taking care of the royal family's books, compiling the family tree of
Imperial_City_of_Huế
Ottoman voivode of Athens (r. 1775–1795)
malikhane of Athens at a price of 750,000 piastres—later in his account Skouzes raised the figure to 1.5 million piastres—and gave it over to Haseki. Benizelos
Hadji_Ali_Haseki
Dey of Algiers
200,000 Piastres to the dey, 100,000 for the Beylik and another 200,000 for Algiers to free slaves, and an additional payment of 24,000 Piastres. Even tho
Sidi_Hassan
King of Cambodia from 1860 to 1904
saved Cambodian independence, but French control over Cambodia's internal affairs strengthened continually until the end of his reign (full independence
Norodom_of_Cambodia
1862–1949 French colony in southern Vietnam
government whereby French sovereignty over its army and administrative affairs was confirmed, but Japanese forces were free to fight the war against the
French_Cochinchina
1540–1897 kingdom in Madagascar
customary offerings of meat have been increasingly replaced by a symbolic piastre, sums of money and other gifts. Andriamanelo's son Ralambo is credited
Merina_Kingdom
Foreign Exchange Bureau, issued new currency replacing French Indochinese piastre and defined the exchange rate of dong against USD at 35:1. Land reform
Economy of the Republic of Vietnam
Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam
French pirate
Margarita from the Tierra Firme squadron, a capture yielding over a million piastres. He then joined forces with corsair L’Olonnais, using his own ship to ferry
Michel_le_Basque
Short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan in 1945
questions submitted to it by the Japanese and for overseeing provincial affairs. Minoda underlined that its primary aim was to make the Vietnamese population
Empire_of_Vietnam
Last dynasty of Vietnam (1802–1945)
serve on the French battlefront. Vietnam also contributed 184 million piastres in loans and 336,000 tons of food. These burdens proved heavy since agriculture
Nguyễn_dynasty
Algerian religious and military leader (1808–1883)
the city that anyone who brought him a living Christian would receive 50 piastres. The lure of money enabled him to save a large number of additional Christians
Emir_Abdelkader
League of Nations mandate
administration of the Government of Damascus and hampers the smooth running of the affairs of the administrative district of Aleppo." "11. French Syria (1919-1946)"
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon
Town in Nineveh, Iraq
thousand into slavery, Yazidi girls were sold at the Black sea for thirty piastre." During the 19th century, the Yazidis of the Sinjar Mountains often posed
Sinjar
Historical Jewish section of the Old City of Damascus
of Grand Vizier Fuad Pasha. The Jewish community had to pay 4 million piastres, and 200 Jews were planned to be executed as well. In view of their apparent
Jewish_Quarter_of_Damascus
French privateer corvette of Robert Surcouf
brought Kent to Île de France (Mauritius), where she was sold for 30,900 piastres. In 1801, Confiance had her crew reduced to 89 men and sailed en aventurier
Confiance_(1797_ship)
Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea
in exchange for a lump annual payment of 45,000 piastres, and a considerable autonomy in local affairs. The island recovered gradually, reaching a population
Samos
Confederation
Nevertheless, the Tai chiefdoms always maintained their autonomy in internal affairs. Even though the upland Tai had stronger ethnic and cultural ties to Laos
Sip_Song_Chau_Tai
century, the annual income of the metropolis was estimated at 200,000 piastres, and according to the registers of the Patriarchate of Constantinople,
Metropolis_of_Ancyra
City in Syria
Relations with Syria: The Greek community, Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008, archived from the original on 7 May 2008, retrieved 26 February
Latakia
Vietnamese politician assassinated in 1947
Dr. Tri's bedside to award him the Legion of Honor. A reward of 30,000 piastres was offered to anyone who helped find the assassins. A radio station belonging
Trương_Đình_Tri
Tunisian politician (1805–1880)
into circulation, totalling 995,850 piastres. In addition, he was found liable for seventeen and a half million piastres, the value of fraudulent teskérés
Mahmoud_Ben_Ayed
Department of Peru
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Department_of_Tacna
1863–1953 French protectorate in southeast Asia
residual matters affecting sovereignty, such as financial and budgetary affairs, passed to the new Cambodian state in 1954. Khmer: ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង;
French protectorate of Cambodia
French_protectorate_of_Cambodia
Ancient port and city in Tel Aviv, Israel
important branch of the economy. A 'biarah' (a watered garden) cost 100,000 piastres and annually produced 15,000, of which the farming costs were 5,000: 'A
Jaffa
Ottoman and Russian protectorate in the southwest Balkans from 1800-07
suzerainty, as token of which they would pay an annual tribute of 75,000 piastres to the Sultan. This was a victory for the Sultan, and a disappointment
Septinsular_Republic
Vietnamese revolutionary (1902–1930)
1927-1954, 2008 Page 121 "public by the French, offering “a reward of 5,000 piastres to anyone who catches or kills Nguyễn Thái Học.” In this period, ... It
Nguyễn_Thái_Học
in 1946, while allowing cash coins to circulate until 1948. In 1952 the piastre was abolished and replaced with the South Vietnamese đồng in the south
List of coin hoards in Vietnam
List_of_coin_hoards_in_Vietnam
Currency of Thailand
Kurush to THB (Kş.6=฿0/3/½) Peruvian sol to THB (S/.2=฿2/6/3½) Indochinese Piastre to THB (Ps.1=฿3/4/1) Economy of Thailand Stock Exchange of Thailand [1]
Thai_baht
1960 South Vietnamese critique manifesto
becomes an endless parade of illegal transactions involving millions of piastres. The administrative machinery, already slowed down, is about to become
Caravelle_Manifesto
Set of laws
Abdulhamid II gave Nicolaides, through the Ottoman Internal Affairs fund, 5,000 piastres due to the translations of the legal documents. He made requests
Düstur
they had lost to the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. Relations between Japan and Thailand subsequently
Thailand_in_World_War_II
French privateer, businessman and slave trader (1773–1827)
Portuguese merchantman Nostra Signora de la Conception carrying 116,000 piastres; on 6 November, a British ship laden with a salt; and on 11 November, the
Robert_Surcouf
Capital city (de facto) in Basilan, Philippines
Sultan to formally cede Basilan Island to France in exchange for 100,000 piastres or 500,000 French francs. The French Admiral totally ignored Spanish protests
Isabela,_Basilan
Award
action or serious wounds. Recipients were given an annual reward of 12 piastres from the Government-General. Despite its name and symbolism, it wasn't
Military_Medal_of_Annam
Former ruling family of Vietnam
Emperor was the head of the organisation and he personally donated 1000 piastres during its first year of existence. Furthermore, honorary members of the
House_of_Nguyễn_Phúc
1893–1953 French protectorate in southeast Asia
could at this point join the United Nations even though their foreign affairs and national defense was still controlled by France. Following world-wide
French_protectorate_of_Laos
Han Chinese in Vietnam
failure to do so would result in deportation or a fine of up to 5 million piastres. As most ethnic Chinese in Vietnam were Taiwanese in 1955, the measures
Hoa_people
Egyptian judge and diplomat (1866–1965)
Royal Chamberlain an envelope containing a cheque for 10,000,000 Egyptian piastres (US$257,000), half of the royal dowry. Zulficar was appointed the first
Youssef_Zulficar_Pasha
amount of which varied according to the year, from 10,332 piastres in 1756 to 4,572 piastres in 1806 – and had to pay additional taxes (ghrâma) whenever
History of the Jews in Tunisia
History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia
their innocence, and the whole Jewish community had been fined 4,000,000 piastres. The condemned Jews were saved only by the official intervention of Fuad
Antisemitism_by_country
Banque de l'Indochine were described in both French francs and Mexican piastres. These banknotes circulated in relatively small quantities in China until
Paper money of the Qing dynasty
Paper_money_of_the_Qing_dynasty
Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1820 to 1832
figures in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital, amounted to about 11 million piastres. On 27 January 1820, Abdullah was confirmed as governor of Sidon. In the
Abdullah_Pasha_ibn_Ali
Founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty (r. 1802–04)
central administration at Huế was divided into six ministries: Public affairs, finance, rites, war, justice, and public works. Each was under a minister
Gia_Long
Award
courage and devotion Honour medal of Aeronautics Honour medal of Foreign Affairs Agricultural honour medal Honour medal of railroads Regional, departmental
Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam
Imperial_Order_of_the_Dragon_of_Annam
Political party
removed as the KNLC leader, after being accused of having embezzled 600,000 piastres intended for arms purchases in Bangkok. On 19 April, the leftist Leav Keo
Khmer National Liberation Committee
Khmer_National_Liberation_Committee
Lebanese Catholic prelate
"Bishop Tubia gave 3000 piastres the other day to a village now burnt to purchase arms", as well as "a bond for 9000 piastres more for the same purpose"
Tobia_Aoun
They also captured three machine guns, 13 individual weapons, and 100,000 piastres. 5-7 May A ranger battalion swept part of the Tuy Phước district. VC losses
1965_in_the_Vietnam_War
1948–49 Vietnamese anti-communist government
7. Hammer, Ellen J. "The Bao Dai Experiment". Pacific Affairs, vol. 23, no. 1, Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia, 1950, p. 55, doi:10.2307/2753754
Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
Provisional_Central_Government_of_Vietnam
King of Imerina-Avaradrano and Imandiavato
surrounding the village, and while his father still lived he managed the daily affairs of state in Avaradrano without taking the title of king. He declared Ambohimanga
Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka
Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana_Andriandrazaka
Russian and Ottoman agreement creating the Septinsular Republic
suzerainty, as token of which they would pay an annual tribute of 75,000 piastres to the Sultan. This was a victory for the Sultan, and a disappointment
Treaty of Constantinople (1800)
Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1800)
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