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Financial-political scandal of the French Fourth Republic
Piastres affair, also known as Piastres scandal or Piastres trade (French: l'affaire des piastres, le scandale des piastres, or le trafic de piastres)
Piastres_affair
Official currency of French Indochina from 1885 to 1952
1 piastre = 17 francs. This increased rate created huge financial opportunity by exchanging piastres into francs since the real value of piastres remained
French_Indochinese_piastre
Affair took on proportions that recalled the Dreyfus affair. Henri Martin French Communist Party Generals' affair First Indochina War Piastres affair
Henri_Martin_affair
Jules Moch (SFIO) to court over the Generals' Affair. Henri Martin Affair Piastres Affair First Indochina War Frederick Logevall, Embers of War, New York
Generals'_affair
1946–1954 French colonial war in Indochina
involving both the French Union army and the Việt Minh, known as the Piastres affair. By 1954, despite official propaganda presenting the war as a "crusade
First_Indochina_War
Defunct French colonial bank
dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 5 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 10 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 10 dollars/piastres (Canton), 1902 1 piastre (Indochina)
Banque_de_l'Indochine
French politician
April 1953 a scandal over illegal currency exchanges came to light, the Piastre Affair. Letourneau was forced out of office on 28 June 1953 in the aftermath
Jean_Letourneau_(politician)
Former currency of South Vietnam
The đồng, also called the piastre, was the currency of South Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 xu, also written su. In 1953
South_Vietnamese_đồng
Monetary union in Africa
and Indochina used a separate pegged currency, the French Indochinese piastre. In West Africa, the CFA franc was issued by the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale
West African Economic and Monetary Union
West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union
Albanian currency
with the occupiers. The majority of the population used gold and silver piastres, or gave up on money altogether and bartered instead. In 1923, Italian
Albanian_lek
1946–1958 political entity of France
Houphouet-Boigny, Félix (1957). "Black Africa and the French Union". Foreign Affairs. 35 (4): 593-599 (594-5). doi:10.2307/20031255. JSTOR 20031255. Mortimer
French_Union
Metric unit of area
proportional, are payable to the state by mine-owners. The fixed rent is 10 piastres per jerib (about 10000 square metres), to be paid whether the mine is worked
Hectare
1949–1954 associated state of French Union, 1954–1955 independent state
attentistes reunited during the piastre devaluation crisis, triggered by France's unilateral lower of the franc–piastre exchange rate. Through successive
State_of_Vietnam
British archaeologist
through the Dardanelles, was terminated. The price in pounds of the Turkish piastre fell. A manyfold increase in British traffic through straits was anticipated
Frank_Calvert
Military unit
the Egyptian Labour Corps the pay was 5 piastres per day while the other corps and services paid 6 piastres per day plus clothing and rations. These
Egyptian_Labour_Corps
Obsolete currency of Vietnam
e. 160,000 piastres of nominal value in round figures with an expenditure of 120,000 piastres for the purchase of brass, 36,000 piastres for costs manufacturing
Bảo_Đại_Thông_Bảo
UNESCO World Heritage Site in southern Egypt
Bernardino Drovetti made an attempt to excavate Abu Simbel, leaving 300 piastres with the local sheikh to pay for digging out the temple entrance, before
Abu_Simbel
Institution of the imperial family of the Ming and Qing dynasties
Currency units Văn Mạch Quán Tiền Colonial currencies French Indochinese piastre Laws Hương ước Treaties Saigon (1862) Huế (1863) Saigon (1874) Huế (1883)
Imperial_Clan_Court
Military overthrow of President Ngô Đình Diệm
would not intervene to stop it. Conein also provided 3 million Vietnamese piastres (approx. $42,000 USD) to reward military units that joined the coup. The
1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état
1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d'état
British general (1833–1885)
its way into the press. Critics said Gladstone had neglected military affairs and had not acted promptly enough to save the besieged Gordon. Critics
Charles_George_Gordon
Symbol used to represent a monetary currency's name
original on 8 March 2020. "European Commission – Economic and Financial Affairs – How to use the euro name and symbol". Ec.europa.eu. Archived from the
Currency_symbol
Series of military engagements in 1863–1864 between Japan and Western Powers
Japan was forced to choose between paying compensation of three million piastres and opening another port on the Inland Sea. The harbour of Hyōgo was opened
Shimonoseki_campaign
Vietnamese bureaucrat of the Nguyễn dynasty (1824–1886)
The French resident superior seized his property and found 14.5 million piastres. On 23 November 1885, Tường was deported to Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean
Nguyễn_Văn_Tường
Laws on how Ottoman vilayets (provinces) were to be governed
with "ties" to the village who were over 18 years of age, paying 50-plus piastres in direct yearly taxes. These men were able to elect headmen and those
Vilayet_Law
President of Laos (1924–2025; served 1998–2006)
Savannakhet in March 1946, Siphandone seized the entire provincial fund (150,000 piastres). He became an officer of the armed wing of the movement and in 1948 their
Khamtai_Siphandone
Last emperor of Vietnam from 1926 to 1945 (1913–1997)
property in Hong Kong, he received a sum of up to one million Indochinese piastres. Shortly after, Bảo Đại wrote a letter back to the country to resign from
Bảo_Đại
Historical Jewish section of the Old City of Damascus
of Grand Vizier Fuad Pasha. The Jewish community had to pay 4 million piastres, and 200 Jews were planned to be executed as well. In view of their apparent
Jewish_Quarter_of_Damascus
British journalist
second highest decoration in the Ottoman Empire), a settlement of 400,000 piastres (then a very substantial sum), and trade concessions, including the right
William_Nosworthy_Churchill
Egyptian piastre was typically valued higher, leading to disparities in exchange, such as 10 Egyptian piastres equaling 11 Turkish piastres around the
Economy_of_Egypt
Foreign Exchange Bureau, issued new currency replacing French Indochinese piastre and defined the exchange rate of dong against USD at 35:1. Land reform
Economy of the Republic of Vietnam
Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam
Tunisia and Kairouan—were exempted. The new tax raised 9.7m piastres out of a total 22.95m piastres of government income. Although burdensome, the new mejba
Mejba_Revolt
French pirate
Margarita from the Tierra Firme squadron, a capture yielding over a million piastres. He then joined forces with corsair L’Olonnais, using his own ship to ferry
Michel_le_Basque
King of Imerina-Avaradrano and Imandiavato
surrounding the village, and while his father still lived he managed the daily affairs of state in Avaradrano without taking the title of king. He declared Ambohimanga
Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka
Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana_Andriandrazaka
Ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848
stood at 80 million francs (£2,400,000). Tax arrears came to 14,081,500 piastres out of a total estimated tax of 75,227,500 pts. Timidly he approached Ibrahim
Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt
Archeological site in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
has in the middle a small mosque, where formerly, on payment of a few piastres baksheish, the keeper of the edifice would lift a flagstone from the centre
Tomb_of_Eve
Two common currencies of 14 African countries
franc Congolese franc Currencies related to the euro French Indochinese piastre South Vietnamese đồng CFP franc Djiboutian franc Réunion franc Reichsmark
CFA_franc
Greek Orthodox Christian family in Beirut
supply. He would not sell the grain, which cost 40 piastres in peacetime, for less than 250 piastres. The family owned more than 90,000 acres, or 400,000
Sursock_family
Vietnamese revolutionary (1902–1930)
1927-1954, 2008 Page 121 "public by the French, offering “a reward of 5,000 piastres to anyone who catches or kills Nguyễn Thái Học.” In this period, ... It
Nguyễn_Thái_Học
English statesman and Australian politician (1802–1894)
maint: location missing publisher (link) Griffiths, Owen L. (2018). From piastres to polymer : a history of the paper money of Mauritius from 1720 to 2017
Henry_Grey,_3rd_Earl_Grey
1516–1830 autonomous Ottoman state in North Africa
coinage, was also in use: The pataque chique, also known as the "current piastre of Algiers" in Europe, and known in Algiers as Cezayir doro. Algerian currency
Regency_of_Algiers
1887–1954 French territories in Southeast Asia
Australian historian Milton Osborne refers to this uprising as "The 1916 Affair", the circumstances leading up to this large revolt were directly caused
French_Indochina
President of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963
Saigon businesses, while Luyen became a multimillionaire by speculating in Piastres and Pounds on the currency exchange using inside government information
Ngo_Dinh_Diem
Leader of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969
father's old friend, to French Secret Service agents in Shanghai for 100,000 piastres. A source states that he later claimed he did it because he expected Châu's
Ho_Chi_Minh
Walled complex in Huế, Vietnam
was the agency of the Nguyen Dynasty in charge of the royal family's affairs, taking care of the royal family's books, compiling the family tree of
Imperial_City_of_Huế
Fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy
weighing 37 kilograms (82 lb) and a small chest containing 4,606 Spanish piastres. Over 4–5 September, two small casks were recovered, one with its bottom
HMS_Lutine_(1793)
they had lost to the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. Relations between Japan and Thailand subsequently
Thailand_in_World_War_II
1862–1949 French colony in southern Vietnam
government whereby French sovereignty over its army and administrative affairs was confirmed, but Japanese forces were free to fight the war against the
French_Cochinchina
Retail stores that sell general goods
riyal Shop in Saudi Arabia and other Arabian Gulf countries 20 Qirsh (Piastres) Kuruş/ 50 Qirsh and 1 Dinar (US$1.4) shop in Jordan. 25 Liras (Pounds)/
Variety_store
Egyptian newspaper
daily in Arabic and on Thursdays in French. Prices per copy reached 5 piastres in 1966 due to raw materials shortages, but were reduced to just 70 milliemes
Al-Waqa'i'_al-Misriyya
King of Cambodia from 1860 to 1904
saved Cambodian independence, but French control over Cambodia's internal affairs strengthened continually until the end of his reign (full independence
Norodom_of_Cambodia
Province of Peru
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Tacna_province
1759 satirical novella by Voltaire
religious order in which he was indoctrinated. Candide gives two thousand piastres to Paquette and one thousand to Brother Giroflée. Candide and Martin visit
Candide
Dey of Algiers
200,000 Piastres to the dey, 100,000 for the Beylik and another 200,000 for Algiers to free slaves, and an additional payment of 24,000 Piastres. Even tho
Sidi_Hassan
Last dynasty of Vietnam (1802–1945)
serve on the French battlefront. Vietnam also contributed 184 million piastres in loans and 336,000 tons of food. These burdens proved heavy since agriculture
Nguyễn_dynasty
City in Syria
Relations with Syria: The Greek community, Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008, archived from the original on 7 May 2008, retrieved 26 February
Latakia
Tunisian politician (1805–1880)
into circulation, totalling 995,850 piastres. In addition, he was found liable for seventeen and a half million piastres, the value of fraudulent teskérés
Mahmoud_Ben_Ayed
Department of Peru
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Department_of_Tacna
Vietnamese politician
Preceded by Thái Văn Toản Succeeded by Trần Đình Nam (as Minister of Internal Affairs) Thượng thư of the Ministry of National Education In office 1933–1942 Monarch
Phạm_Quỳnh
Cast round coin with square hole, currency of Vietnam from 970 to 1948
against the French Indochinese piastre. Because the exchange values between the native cash coins and silver piastres were confusing, the local Vietnamese
Vietnamese_cash
History of Istanbul under Ottoman rule
kuruşes (also piastres) and paras, Austrian thalers, Dutch leeuwendaalders (also esedi-kuruş and arslans), Seville piastres (also Mexican piastres, sumuns,
Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire
Istanbul_during_the_Ottoman_Empire
Province of Peru (1823–1929)
President of the Republic of Peru, has offered Chili the sum of 10,000,000 piastres (about £790,000) for the provinces of Tacna and Arica. These provinces
Arica_Province_(Peru)
Algerian religious and military leader (1808–1883)
the city that anyone who brought him a living Christian would receive 50 piastres. The lure of money enabled him to save a large number of additional Christians
Emir_Abdelkader
Han Chinese in Vietnam
failure to do so would result in deportation or a fine of up to 5 million piastres. As most ethnic Chinese in Vietnam were Taiwanese in 1955, the measures
Hoa_people
Canadian film director (1946–2023)
Press, November 24, 1996. Jacques Bensimon, "Prix Gémeaux a Quebec family affair". The Globe and Mail, October 31, 2000. Alain Chartrand at IMDb Article
Alain_Chartrand
Ottoman Empire civil code of 1877
Abdulhamid II gave Nicolaides, through the Ottoman Internal Affairs fund, 5,000 piastres due to the translations of the legal documents. Nicolaides also
Mecelle
Currency of Thailand
Kurush to THB (Kş.6=฿0/3/½) Peruvian sol to THB (S/.2=฿2/6/3½) Indochinese Piastre to THB (Ps.1=฿3/4/1) Economy of Thailand Stock Exchange of Thailand [1]
Thai_baht
Set of laws
Abdulhamid II gave Nicolaides, through the Ottoman Internal Affairs fund, 5,000 piastres due to the translations of the legal documents. He made requests
Düstur
with the printing of appropriate stamps. Two stamps inscribed E.E.F. (1 Piastre, and 5 Millièmes) were issued in February 1918, the first definitives (11
Postage stamps and postal history of Palestine
Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Palestine
French privateer corvette of Robert Surcouf
brought Kent to Île de France (Mauritius), where she was sold for 30,900 piastres. In 1801, Confiance had her crew reduced to 89 men and sailed en aventurier
Confiance_(1797_ship)
Christian bishopric in Turkey (3rd century to 1923)
century, the annual income of the metropolis was estimated at 200,000 piastres, and according to the registers of the Patriarchate of Constantinople,
Metropolis_of_Ancyra
amount of which varied according to the year, from 10,332 piastres in 1756 to 4,572 piastres in 1806 – and had to pay additional taxes (ghrâma) whenever
History of the Jews in Tunisia
History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia
1948–49 Vietnamese anti-communist government
7. Hammer, Ellen J. "The Bao Dai Experiment". Pacific Affairs, vol. 23, no. 1, Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia, 1950, p. 55, doi:10.2307/2753754
Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
Provisional_Central_Government_of_Vietnam
Ottoman voivode of Athens (r. 1775–1795)
malikhane of Athens at a price of 750,000 piastres—later in his account Skouzes raised the figure to 1.5 million piastres—and gave it over to Haseki. Benizelos
Hadji_Ali_Haseki
Dates 1867 – 1915 Currency (1867) 100 soldi = 1 florin (1886) 40 paras = 1 piastre See also Crete (Austro-Hungarian Post Offices) Private air company. Dates
Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Ar–Az)
Compendium_of_postage_stamp_issuers_(Ar–Az)
Former ruling family of Vietnam
Emperor was the head of the organisation and he personally donated 1000 piastres during its first year of existence. Furthermore, honorary members of the
House_of_Nguyễn_Phúc
Canadian actor (born 1944)
Arts". Canada Weekly. Vol. 11, no. 16. Department of External Affairs, Public Affairs Branch. 20 April 1983. Manon Dumais, "Jutra 2014: Le triomphe de
Gilles_Renaud
1960 South Vietnamese critique manifesto
becomes an endless parade of illegal transactions involving millions of piastres. The administrative machinery, already slowed down, is about to become
Caravelle_Manifesto
Second emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty in the 19th century
He was known for his attention to detail and micromanagement of state affairs, to a level that "astonished his contemporaries". As a result, he was held
Minh_Mạng
Historical country in the North Caucasus
renowned Kabardian horse breeds sold for between 500 and several thousand piastres, at least twenty-five times the price of an average Crimean horse. According
Kabardia
Founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty (r. 1802–04)
central administration at Huế was divided into six ministries: Public affairs, finance, rites, war, justice, and public works. Each was under a minister
Gia_Long
Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea
in exchange for a lump annual payment of 45,000 piastres, and a considerable autonomy in local affairs. The island recovered gradually, reaching a population
Samos
Yazidi principality
post had left him heavily indebted. Rassam estimated his debts at 122,000 piastres. During a subsequent dispute over the surrender of the residence at Baadre
Sheikhan_principality
1940–41 conflict in French Indochina
they gained from the French, in addition to having to pay six million piastres as a concession to the French. However, the real beneficiaries of the conflict
Franco-Thai_War
Prefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
l'explication des aboutissants de la conférence dans Hugues Tertrais, la piastre et le fusil. Le coût de la guerre d'Indochine, 1945–1954. Paris : ministère
Pau,_Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Ancient port and city in Tel Aviv, Israel
important branch of the economy. A 'biarah' (a watered garden) cost 100,000 piastres and annually produced 15,000, of which the farming costs were 5,000: 'A
Jaffa
Egyptian judge and diplomat (1866–1965)
Royal Chamberlain an envelope containing a cheque for 10,000,000 Egyptian piastres (US$257,000), half of the royal dowry. Zulficar was appointed the first
Youssef_Zulficar_Pasha
German espionage mission to Ethiopia, 1915
German marks in a mixture of hard currencies including marks, Ottoman piastres, Austro-Hungarian Maria Theresa thaler and Italian lira. The German government
Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition
Seventh_German_Inner_Africa_Research_Expedition
1803–1806 naval expedition
(costing 800 piastres), and Lisyansky in the Armenian one (600 piastres). Shemelin claimed that for the cargo they received only 176,605 piastres. The situation
First Russian circumnavigation
First_Russian_circumnavigation
Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet from 1820 to 1832
figures in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital, amounted to about 11 million piastres. On 27 January 1820, Abdullah was confirmed as governor of Sidon. In the
Abdullah_Pasha_ibn_Ali
Short-lived sponsored state of Imperial Japan in 1945
questions submitted to it by the Japanese and for overseeing provincial affairs. Minoda underlined that its primary aim was to make the Vietnamese population
Empire_of_Vietnam
1863–1953 French protectorate in southeast Asia
residual matters affecting sovereignty, such as financial and budgetary affairs, passed to the new Cambodian state in 1954. Khmer: ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង;
French protectorate of Cambodia
French_protectorate_of_Cambodia
Town in Nineveh, Iraq
thousand into slavery, Yazidi girls were sold at the Black sea for thirty piastre." During the 19th century, the Yazidis of the Sinjar Mountains often posed
Sinjar
Award
action or serious wounds. Recipients were given an annual reward of 12 piastres from the Government-General. Despite its name and symbolism, it wasn't
Military_Medal_of_Annam
Lebanese Catholic prelate
"Bishop Tubia gave 3000 piastres the other day to a village now burnt to purchase arms", as well as "a bond for 9000 piastres more for the same purpose"
Tobia_Aoun
Capital city (de facto) in Basilan, Philippines
Sultan to formally cede Basilan Island to France in exchange for 100,000 piastres or 500,000 French francs. The French Admiral totally ignored Spanish protests
Isabela,_Basilan
French politician
additionally had to optimize French Guiana's budget, and brought 250 000 Piastres. The Constitution of Year III was put to a vote in the Departmental Assembly
Georges_Nicolas_Jeannet-Oudin
1540–1897 kingdom in Madagascar
customary offerings of meat have been increasingly replaced by a symbolic piastre, sums of money and other gifts. Andriamanelo's son Ralambo is credited
Imerina
Confederation
Nevertheless, the Tai chiefdoms always maintained their autonomy in internal affairs. Even though the upland Tai had stronger ethnic and cultural ties to Laos
Sip_Song_Chau_Tai
in 1946, while allowing cash coins to circulate until 1948. In 1952 the piastre was abolished and replaced with the South Vietnamese đồng in the south
List of coin hoards in Vietnam
List_of_coin_hoards_in_Vietnam
League of Nations mandate
administration of the Government of Damascus and hampers the smooth running of the affairs of the administrative district of Aleppo". "11. French Syria (1919-1946)"
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon
travel, tourism, insurance
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
Boy/Male
Japanese
Lawful; manages affairs of state.
Male
French
Norman French Arthurian legend name of the bravest Knight of the Round Table who betrayed King Arthur by having an affair with Queen Guinevere. The name is probably a diminutive form of Lance ("land") or the word lance (the weapon), LANCELOT means either "little land" or "little lance."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a plasterer, from Old French plastrier or an agent derivative of Middle English plaster (see Plaster 1).Americanized spelling of German Pflasterer, an occupational name for a paver or a Pflästerer, a manufacturer of plasters for wounds, from an agent derivative of Middle High German pflaster (see Plaster).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
This was the Name of a Well-known; Woman Loved by the Masses for her Kindness and Generosity; Her Advice was Sought by the People in Different Affairs
Surname or Lastname
English (Norman) and French
English (Norman) and French : nickname from Old French druerie ‘love’, ‘friendship’, a derivative of dru ‘lover’, ‘friend’ (see Drew 3). In Middle English the word also had the concrete meanings ‘love affair’, ‘love token’, ‘sweetheart’.English (Norman) and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of Old High German triuwa ‘truth’, ‘trust’ + rīc ‘power(ful)’.Irish (County Roscommon) : English name adopted by bearers of Gaelic Mac an Druaidh ‘son of the druid’. Compare Drew 6.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The ultimate trustee, The disposer of affairs
Surname or Lastname
English, Portuguese, Galician, Spanish, Catalan, and French
English, Portuguese, Galician, Spanish, Catalan, and French : occupational name for a shepherd, Anglo-Norman French pastre (oblique case pastour), Portuguese, Galician, Spanish, Catalan, pastor ‘shepherd’, from Latin pastor, an agent derivative of pascere ‘to graze’. The religious sense of a spiritual leader was rare in the Middle Ages, and insofar as it occurs at all it seems always to be a conscious metaphor; it is unlikely, therefore, that this sense lies behind any examples of the surname.German and Dutch : humanistic name, a Latinized form of various vernacular names meaning ‘shepherd’, for example Hirt or Schäfer (see Schafer).Americanized spelling of Hungarian Pásztor, an occupational name from pásztor ‘shepherd’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Plaster.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumberland)
English (Northumberland) : topographic name for someone who lived by a stream among lush pastures, from Middle English grene ‘green’ + welle ‘spring’, ‘stream’, or habitational name from a minor place so named.The main English family of this name came originally from Greenwell, Wolsingham, County Durham, where they are recorded as owning land as early as 1183.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Romanian : occupational name for a merchant (Late Latin negotiator, from negotiari ‘to trade, deal’, a derivative of negotium ‘business’, ‘affair’).
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who Entrusts his Affairs to the Management of Another
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Tart.French : metonymic occupational name for a maker and seller of fine pastries,
from Old French tarte ‘tart’, ‘pastry’.Possibly
an altered form of Tartre, a regional variant of Tertre,
a habitational name from a common place name meaning ‘height’,
‘hill’.A Tartre with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Mathew; a variant spelling of Matthews. In the U.S., this form has absorbed some European cognates such as German Matthäus.Among the earliest bearers of the name in North America was Samuel Mathews (c.1600–c.1657), who came to VA from London in about 1618. He established a plantation at the mouth of the Warwick River, which was at first called Mathews Manor; later its name was changed to Denbigh. He was one of the most powerful and influential men in the early affairs of the colony. He (or possibly his son, who bore the same name) was governor of the colony from 1657 until his death in 1660.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for a stonemason, Middle English, Old French mas(s)on. Compare Machen. Stonemasonry was a hugely important craft in the Middle Ages.Italian (Veneto) : from a short form of Masone.French : from a regional variant of maison ‘house’.George Mason (1725–92), the American colonial statesman who framed the VA Bill of Rights and Constitution, which was used as a model by Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence, was a VA planter, fourth in descent from George Mason (?1629–?86), a royalist soldier of the English Civil War who had received land grants in VA. As well as being prominent in the affairs of VA, the family also produced the first governor of MI.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : in medieval times this did not denote a rank in the army, but was an occupational name for a servant, Middle English, Old French sergent (Latin serviens, genitive servientis, present participle of servire ‘to serve’). The surname probably originated for the most part in this sense, but the word also developed various more specialized meanings, being used for example as a technical term for a tenant by military service below the rank of a knight, and as the name for any of certain administrative and legal officials in different localities, which may also have contributed to the development of the surname. The sense ‘non-commissioned officer’ did not arise until the 16th century.William Sargent (1624–1717) came to Gloucester, MA, from Devon, England before 1678. Many of his descendants distinguished themselves in the civil and military affairs of the colonies and some in literary or artistic paths, notably the portrait painter John Singer Sargent (1856–1925).
Male
Welsh
Perhaps a masculine form of Welsh unisex Eilian, ELYAN means "second, a moment in time."Â In Arthurian legend, this is the name of a Knight of the Round Table. He was the illegitimate son of Sir Bors, and cousin to Lancelot. He is noted for helping to rescue Guinevere after her affair with Lancelot was exposed. He joined Lancelot in his exile. Also spelled Helyan.
Boy/Male
Greek
Rock.
Girl/Female
Muslim
This was the name of a well-known, Woman loved by the masses for her kindness and generosity, Her advice was sought by the people in different affairs
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Affairs; Marriage
Boy/Male
Indian
The ultimate trustee, The disposer of affairs
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
PIASTRES AFFAIR
n.
Any external topical application to the body, except ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.
n.
In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters.
n.
One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister.
pl.
of Pastry
v. i.
To feed or live luxuriously; as, the herds luxuriate in the pastures.
a.
Furnished with pilasters.
n.
A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster.
n.
A fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters, or the like.
a.
Without columns or pilasters.
n.
See Piaster.
n.
One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.
n.
The interval or space between two pilasters.
n.
One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
n.
A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster (commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.
n.
Transposition, as of the letters or syllables of a word; as, pistris for pristis; meagre for meager.
pl.
of Pasty
pl.
of Pigsty
n.
A very astringent shrub (Spiraea tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.
a.
Covered with verdure; clothed with the fresh green of vegetation; verdured; verdant; as, verdurous pastures.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians.
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