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The persistent radical effect (PRE) in chemistry describes and explains the selective product formation found in certain free-radical cross-reactions
Persistent_radical_effect
Method of radical polymerization
living nature of NMP is due to the persistent radical effect (PRE). The PRE is a phenomenon observable in some radical systems which leads to the highly
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated_radical_polymerization
not proceed via the persistent radical effect (PRE). Instead an active propagating radical interchanges its role with a latent radical in a dormant complex
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization
Cobalt-mediated_radical_polymerization
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
carbon-centered radical R• stabilized if the corresponding R–H bond is weaker than in an alkane; the radical is persistent if the radical lifetime lasts
Radical_(chemistry)
and architecture. Due to some inherited drawbacks, such the persistent radical effect (PRE), several advanced ATRP techniques have been developed, including
Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Copper-based_reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Family of chemical compounds
Stable phosphurus radicals. See Radical (chemistry) for more info. Stable and persistent phosphorus radicals are phosphorus-centred radicals that are isolable
Stable_phosphorus_radicals
Radicals centered on boron atoms
and structural analysis of persistent radicals starting in 2007 with Gabbai's acridinium moiety attached to a boryl radical. Around the same time, NHC-boranes
Boryl_radicals
Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. They
Persistent_organic_pollutant
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
Konorski Learned industriousness Matching law Negative (positive) contrast effect Radical behaviorism (conceptual theory of behavior analysis that expands behaviorism
Operant_conditioning
2025 economic policy by Donald Trump
Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits. This order declared a national
Liberation_Day_tariffs
Cardiac drug
Hypoxia, heart failure and oxygen derived free radicals are all factors believed to activate the persistent sodium current. In ischemia, the major damage
F15845
Class of chemical compounds
triphenylmethyl radical, which was the first organic radical described, has been known for over 100 years, characterization of transient, persistent, or stable
Trivalent_group_14_radicals
Matter composed of organic compounds
Chenu, Claire (October 2016). "The energetic and chemical signatures of persistent soil organic matter". Biogeochemistry. 130 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:2016Biogc
Organic_matter
Organic molecule containing a neutral carbon with two unbound valence electrons
ligands, but otherwise cannot be stored in bulk. A rare exception are the persistent carbenes, which have extensive application in modern organometallic chemistry
Carbene
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
power. Radical Republicans swept to power in the 1866 midterm elections, gaining majorities in both houses of Congress. In 1867–68, the Radical Republicans
Reconstruction_era
Condensed digital summary generated from an audio signal
fingerprinting include identifying songs, melodies, tunes, or advertisements; sound effect library management; and video file identification. Media identification
Acoustic_fingerprint
1979 book by Janice Raymond
has become the archetypal articulation of radical feminist hostility to transsexuality and has had a persistent influence on feminist perceptions of transgender
The_Transsexual_Empire
Synthetic polymer
widely applied per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are persistent organic pollutants. PTFE occupies more than half of all fluoropolymer
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Philosophical tradition
strength to be the very features that led to its decline. These are "persistent and early criticisms of positivist interpretations of scientific methodology;
Pragmatism
Characteristic of biological processes
dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within
Hormesis
Female reproductive system health issue
weeks of gestation, leading to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A persistent ectopic pregnancy refers to the continuation of trophoblastic growth after
Ectopic_pregnancy
U.S. surface-to-surface cruise missile
during World War II. The JB-1A was also an early jet aircraft, with a radical flying wing planform. In August 1942, a Fieseler Fi 103, code name Flakzielgerät-43
Northrop_JB-1_Bat
Triatomic oxygen molecule
names pay no regard to the radicality of the ozone molecule. In an even more specific context, this can also name the non-radical singlet ground state, whereas
Ozone
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
turians are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid sapient species in the Mass Effect multimedia franchise developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts
Turian
Type of unpleasant bodily feeling
persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called "chronic" or "persistent", and pain that resolves quickly is called "acute". The International
Pain
white supremacist ideologies. As of the 2020s, scholars have categorised radical right parties in the UK as belonging to a subset of the far-right, distinguished
Far-right politics in the United Kingdom
Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom
Surfactant and antiseptic agent
skin after initial application. Benzalkonium chloride has demonstrated persistent antimicrobial activity for up to four hours after contact whereas ethanol-based
Benzalkonium_chloride
King of Joseon from 1724 to 1776
Yeongjo is most remembered for his reform of the taxation system, and persistent efforts to reconcile the various political factions through his Tangpyeong
Yeongjo_of_Joseon
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
Increase in consumption following energy or resource savings
of leisure time. Recent research shows that the rebound effect is broader and more persistent than earlier discussions suggested. Although the idea originally
Rebound_effect_(conservation)
French statesman (1851–1925)
his own cabinet, distinctively radical, which fell as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the Senate to vote supply
Léon_Bourgeois
Political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic
War, French radicals split into a left-wing party – the Radical Party of the Left, an associate of the Socialist Party – and the Radical Party "valoisien"
Republicanism
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
his reading of the Mass Effect series for disability representation, Adan Jerreat-Poole observed that quarian culture "radically repositions" disability
Quarian
English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)
was said to be very charming and to possess a radiant smile. Her most persistent suitor was the politician and poet Richard Monckton Milnes, but after
Florence_Nightingale
Rain that is unusually acidic
freshwaters, soils, microbes, insects and aquatic life-forms. In ecosystems, persistent acid rain reduces tree bark durability, leaving flora more susceptible
Acid_rain
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
‘nationalisation for clearly ideological reasons’; since the government 'was so persistent with a measure which can fairly be described as in no way popular'. It
Iron_and_Steel_Act_1949
1774 novel by J.W. Goethe
however, a modern biographer of Goethe, dismisses the Werther effect "as only a persistent rumor." Nonetheless, this aspect of "Werther Fever" was watched
The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther
Political party in Greece
Europeanization Effect. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 210. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) Susana Salgado (2019). "Not All About Trends: Persistent Singularities
Independent_Greeks
Hindu tradition of textual interpretation
origination and interdependent phenomena (pratītya-samutpāda) but no stable persistent identities, neither eternal universals nor particulars. In Buddhism, thoughts
Advaita_Vedanta
Species of bacteria
promotes persistent infection by consuming arginine; macrophages use arginine to produce nitric oxide, which has a strong antimicrobial effect. The ammonia
Helicobacter_pylori
Feeding of babies or toddlers with milk from the human breast
insufficient intake, such as decreased urination, dry mucous membranes, or persistent signs of hunger, are noticed. If these signs are noticed, it is important
Breastfeeding
Tile-based game
special hands that do not follow the typical pattern. Players hold a persistent score across rounds until the game ends. Mahjong was developed in the
Mahjong
Annual experimental event in Nevada, US
is guided by ten stated principles: radical inclusion, gifting, decommodification, radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, civic
Burning_Man
Journalistic media that disperse action-oriented political agendas
political stance can be other obstacles to radical media. "Perishability", on the other hand, is a persistent issue raised by both proponents and dissenters
Radical_media
Skin product helping to prevent sunburn
of sunscreen may be lower than the square of the single-layer SPF. The persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method is a method of measuring UVA protection
Sunscreen
1932–1940 political party
Rothermere was a notable early supporter. As the party became increasingly radical, however, support declined. The Olympia Rally of 1934, in which a number
British_Union_of_Fascists
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
integrated with the Ba'ath party apparatus. The 1963 Ba'athist coup marked a "radical break" in modern Syrian history, after which Ba'ath party monopolised power
Ba'athist_Syria
Medical condition
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) have adopted the term persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) to replace AFP. In the 2nd Edition of the
Atypical_facial_pain
exhibit antisocial behavior only during adolescence, and the life-course-persistent offenders, who begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue
Developmental_theory_of_crime
Indian scientist and academician
director. PhD students have reported that Tandon's tenure has been marked by persistent verbal abuse, creating a hostile and demoralizing environment for scholars
Vibha_Tandon
1936–1938 alliance of political parties in France
late 1938. The Radical government crushed the Communists and fired over 800,000 workers. In effect, the Radical Party stood alone. Radical cultural ideas
Popular_Front_(France)
Abundance of financial assets or possessions
16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. UNU-WIDER. Ropers, Richard H, Ph.D. Persistent Poverty: The American Dream Turned Nightmare. New York: Insight Books
Wealth
Islamist movements for jihad
defines "jihadism" as "a revolutionary program whose ideology promises radical social change in the Muslim world... [with] a central role to jihad as
Jihadism
Acts of Parliament to address poverty and social instability in Ireland
Parliament intended to address social instability due to widespread and persistent poverty in Ireland. While some legislation had been introduced by the
Irish_poor_laws
Rapid and fundamental political change
or economic chaos, or an affront to national pride and identity, or persistent repression and corruption. Revolutions typically trigger counter-revolutions
Revolution
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Neutral events can radically reduce genetic variation through population bottlenecks, which among other things can cause the founder effect in initially small
Natural_selection
of their buildings, including the famous Parthenon. These two equally persistent beliefs are likewise assuredly false and, in any case, are completely
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Fundamental teachings of Calvinism
Predestination. The five points are the following: Total depravity (also called radical corruption) asserts that as a consequence of the fall of man into sin,
Five_Points_of_Calvinism
1980 novel by John Kennedy Toole
She criticizes his self-centered lifestyle and urges him to join her in radical political agitation. To impress Myrna, Ignatius tries (unsuccessfully)
A_Confederacy_of_Dunces
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
previously found effect sizes. When heterogeneity is high, subsequent replications have a high probability of finding an effect size radically different than
Replication_crisis
French revolutionary, lawyer and politician (1758–1794)
arms in self-defence, and the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. A radical Jacobin leader, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the National Convention
Maximilien_Robespierre
public concern over national security, public safety, organized crime, persistent distrust in political institutions, and ongoing debates about corruption
2026 Peruvian general election
2026_Peruvian_general_election
American singer and songwriter (born 1966)
the comparison." Jackson's airplay and music channel blacklist remained persistent, massively affecting her chart performance and exposure. However, lead
Janet_Jackson
1961 book by Frantz Fanon
seek the help of the lumpenproletariat to provide the force required to effect the expulsion of the colonists. In traditional Marxist theory, the lumpenproletariats
The_Wretched_of_the_Earth
Country primarily in North America
Since the 1990s, droughts in the American Southwest have become more persistent and more severe. The regions considered as the most attractive to the
United_States
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
have released a chronic toxic cocktail of benzene, heavy metals, and persistent 'forever chemicals' (PFAS), triggering 'black rain' in major cities and
2026_Iran_war
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
multifactorial, and vexing symptom that is highly prevalent (76%) and stubbornly persistent, as evidenced by longitudinal studies over 5 years. Fatigue does not improve
Fibromyalgia
Chemical compound
molecular oxygen to the superoxide free radical by oxidizing NADPH to NADP+. This has a doubly negative effect on the lungs. Firstly, the NADPH used by
Pyocyanin
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
2011, respectively) that articles are dominated by the loudest and most persistent voices, usually by a group with an "ax to grind" on the topic. A 2008
Wikipedia
Chemical compound
of patients in need of it. Its main use is in those patients who have persistent disease despite surgical resection, those who are not surgical candidates
Mitotane
Chemical compound
function. In addition to offering protection by neutralizing peroxide radicals and effecting thromboxane production via the PTGS1 pathway, polyphenols such as
Myricetin
Effects of drugs on the environment
fish. PPCPs encompass environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs) and are one type of persistent organic pollutants. They are not removed
Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products
Environmental_impact_of_pharmaceuticals_and_personal_care_products
American abolitionist and statesman (1811–1874)
establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau. The Radicals desired the immediate emancipation of slaves and persistently lobbied for it as wartime policy, but Lincoln
Charles_Sumner
American social networking service
spring 2007 to 2008,[timeframe?] the messages were handled by a Ruby persistent queue server called Starling. Since 2009, implementation has been gradually
X_(social_network)
Substance applied to items to slow burning or delay ignition
highly reactive H· and OH· radicals in the flame, resulting in an inactive molecule and a Cl· or Br· radical. The halogen radical is much less reactive compared
Flame_retardant
Exposing of scandalous activity
failure and reprisals. Some whistleblowers speak of overwhelming and persistent distress, drug and alcohol problems, paranoid behavior at work, acute
Whistleblowing
pomegranate whose tasty arils are hidden inside a tough epicarp topped by a persistent calyx shaped like a crown or, when viewed from above, like the six-pointed
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Chemical process in paper making
Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Dioxins
Bleaching_of_wood_pulp
French politician (born 1995)
social media user's "unlimited imagination". When pressed further on the persistent rumors and if there was any truth, he answered, "I could say the opposite
Jordan_Bardella
Absence of government restriction on international trade
countries over the period 1963–2014, "tariff increases are associated with persistent, economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output
Free_trade
Political and social unrest in the Russian Empire
Propositions for restrictions to the Duma's legislative powers remained persistent. A decree on 20 February 1906 transformed the State Council, the advisory
Russian_Revolution_of_1905
2025 US executive order
youth service was a "chat service where children are encouraged to embrace radical gender ideology". In July 2025, The Lancet published an investigation which
Executive_Order_14168
Earth's most severe extinction event
stress during the biotic recovery interval, with regions experiencing persistent environmental stress post-extinction recovering more slowly, supporting
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
return to their villages on their own; the army, on the other hand, was persistent in using various ways to prevent this from happening, particularly in
Nakba
Right-wing populist political party in Australia
collectively garnered 10–12% of the vote in some electorates—indicating persistent, if marginalized, populist undercurrents. Karp, Paul (25 October 2018)
One_Nation
Political party in the United States
adopted anti-vaccine activism and policy. The Republican Party has a persistent history of skepticism or opposition to multilateralism in American foreign
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
American cultural anthropologist, activist, and feminist (born 1949)
Reflections on butch, gender, and boundaries", in Joan Nestle (Ed). The Persistent Desire. A Femme-Butch-Reader. Boston: Alyson. 466 (1992). Misguided, Dangerous
Gayle_Rubin
in the digital age. It provides a lens through which to analyse, the effect radical changes in digital technologies have in facilitating concomitant changes
Hybrid_novel
Ideology considered far outside the mainstream
that extremism is an emotional outlet for severe feelings stemming from "persistent experiences of oppression, insecurity, humiliation, resentment, loss,
Extremism
Form of sexual dysfunction in males
impotence, is a form of sexual dysfunction in males characterized by the persistent or recurring inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection with sufficient
Erectile_dysfunction
Chemical compound
emoxypine in the combined therapy of patients with LSR led to significant and persistent reduction of severity of pain syndrome and rapid recovery of function
Emoxypine
Mayor of Boston since 2021
judge sided with the unions, blocking the city worker mandate. Wu faced persistent demonstrations outside of her house protesting her COVID measures. Wu
Michelle_Wu
American economist (born 1930)
behavioral characteristics of African Americans as the principal reasons for persistent economic and social disparities." He also criticized it for downplaying
Thomas_Sowell
1966 studio album by the Beach Boys
the only blues are in the themes and in Brian's voice." Johnston heard persistent doo-wop and R&B influences. Music journalist Noah Berlatsky attributed
Pet_Sounds
1979 nuclear accident in Pennsylvania
(Electric Power Research Institute). p. 8-1. Retrieved October 24, 2021. A persistent optimism existed that the damage beyond the known areas was not as bad
Three_Mile_Island_accident
Executive order from 2017
the state health insurance marketplaces. Some sources have described the effect of these executive actions as replacing Obamacare with a new healthcare
Executive_Order_13813
2025 U.S. executive order imposing tariffs on Venezuelan oil
as well as imposing new tariffs on the country itself, which would take effect on April 2. In a post made to Truth Social, in which he made the announcement
Executive_Order_14245
Political movement seeking independence in Ireland
Popular perception elsewhere deemed the movement as terrorisitic – a persistent perception of republicanism thereafter. Nevertheless, the likes of Rossa
Irish_republicanism
Japanese author and coup attempt leader (1925–1970)
home the same day had I felt the pressure of a smile come pushing so persistently at my lips that I had difficulty in concealing it? Why had I run so when
Yukio_Mishima
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
God's Kindness
Male
African
obstinate, persistent.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Lovely tune.
Girl/Female
Australian, Romanian
Renowned Ruler
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Content; Satisfied
Girl/Female
Muslim
Assiduous, Persistent
Girl/Female
Muslim
One who is full of shame
Girl/Female
Indian, Modern
Rose
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil, Traditional
Lover of Krishna; Successful; Prosperous
Female
Bulgarian
, persistent, resolute.
Female
Romanian
Romanian name derived from the Slavic word rod, RODICA means "fertile."
Male
Celtic
, sportive.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
To Attack Violently and Persistently
Girl/Female
Arabic
Neat
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
One who is Full of Shame
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Assiduous; Persistent; Devoted
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Veiled; Covered
Girl/Female
Indian
Assiduous, Persistent
Girl/Female
Muslim
Veiled, Covered
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Lord of Pleasure
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Leader
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord Krishna; Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Holy; Divine Power
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Australian, German, Muslim
Clean; Pure; Innocent
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Error-less
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Attainment achievement
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Laxmi, Best, Beautiful, Excellent, Prosperity
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lover of Krishna; Satisfied
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vindya | விநà¯à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Knowledge
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Hidden; Inner
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
PERSISTENT RADICAL-EFFECT
a.
Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
n.
Alt. of Persistency
n.
A rootlet; a radicel.
adv.
In a persistent manner.
a.
A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
adv.
In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective.
a.
Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
a.
Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections; (Zool.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery.
a.
Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
a.
Persistent.
n.
A radicle.
a.
Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
n.
Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence, etc.
a.
Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.
a.
Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.
n.
A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
n.
One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
n.
The persistence of motion.
a.
Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
n.
The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.