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Function with a repeating pattern
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves
Periodic_function
Function that "converges" to periodicity
In mathematics, an almost periodic function is, loosely speaking, a function of a real variable that is periodic to within any desired level of accuracy
Almost_periodic_function
is a list of some well-known periodic functions. The constant function f (x) = c, where c is independent of x, is periodic with any period, but lacks a
List_of_periodic_functions
Functions of an angle
the simplest periodic functions, and are widely used for studying periodic phenomena through Fourier analysis. The trigonometric functions most commonly
Trigonometric_functions
Function with two complex number "periods"
In mathematics, a doubly periodic function is a function defined on the complex plane and having two "periods", which are complex numbers u {\displaystyle
Doubly_periodic_function
Class of functions behaving "like" periodic functions
In mathematics, a quasiperiodic function is a function that has a certain similarity to a periodic function. A function f {\displaystyle f} is quasiperiodic
Quasiperiodic_function
concept of a mean-periodic function is a generalization introduced in 1935 by Jean Delsarte of the concept of a periodic function. Further results were
Mean-periodic_function
Decomposition of periodic functions
of a periodic function into a sum of trigonometric functions. The Fourier series is an example of a trigonometric series. By expressing a function as a
Fourier_series
Artificial neural network node function
representing the function center and a and σ are parameters affecting the spread of the radius. Periodic functions can serve as activation functions. Usually
Activation_function
Fundamental theorem in condensed matter physics
to the Schrödinger equation in a periodic potential can be expressed as plane waves modulated by periodic functions. The theorem is named after the Swiss
Bloch's_theorem
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns
Periodic_table
Elapsed fraction of a cycle of a periodic function
physics and mathematics, the phase (symbol φ or ϕ) of a wave or other periodic function F {\displaystyle F} of some real variable t {\displaystyle t} (such
Phase_(waves)
Point which a function/system returns to after some time or iterations
iterated functions and dynamical systems, a periodic point of a function is a point which the system returns to after a certain number of function iterations
Periodic_point
Mathematical notion of recurrence with unpredictable period
strictly defined mathematical concepts such as an almost periodic function or a quasiperiodic function. Climate oscillations that appear to follow a regular
Quasiperiodicity
Sum of a function's values every _P_ offsets
In mathematics, any integrable function s ( t ) {\displaystyle s(t)} can be made into a periodic function s P ( t ) {\displaystyle s_{P}(t)} with period
Periodic_summation
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
endpoints identified). The latter is routinely employed to handle periodic functions. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm for computing the
Fourier_transform
Fundamental trigonometric functions
values and even to complex numbers. The sine and cosine functions are commonly used to model periodic phenomena such as sound and light waves, the position
Sine_and_cosine
Class of periodic mathematical functions
elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they
Elliptic_function
Periodic distribution ("function") of "point-mass" Dirac delta sampling
mathematics, a Dirac comb (also known as sha function, impulse train or sampling function) is a periodic generalized function with the formula Ш T ( t ) := ∑ k
Dirac_comb
Sequence for which the same terms are repeated over and over
smallest p for which a periodic sequence is p-periodic is called its least period or exact period. Every constant function is 1-periodic. The sequence 1 ,
Periodic_sequence
Constant speed wavetrain
In mathematics, a periodic travelling wave (or wavetrain) is a periodic function of one-dimensional space that moves with constant speed. Consequently
Periodic_travelling_wave
Mathematical function, denoted exp(x) or e^x
also better depicts the 2π periodicity in the imaginary y {\displaystyle y} value. The function ez is a transcendental function, which means that it is not
Exponential_function
Mathematical operation
is a special case of periodic convolution, which is the convolution of two periodic functions that have the same period. Periodic convolution arises, for
Circular_convolution
Analytic function on the upper half-plane with a certain behavior under the modular group
type of function of a complex number variable that possesses a high degree of symmetry, of a certain kind. Similarly to a periodic function of a real
Modular_form
Topics referred to by the same term
addresses Bott periodicity: a modulo-8 recurrence relation in the homotopy groups of classical groups Periodic function, a function whose output contains
Periodicity
Area of geometry, about angles and lengths
trigonometric functions are periodic, they are not injective (or, 1 to 1), and thus are not invertible. By restricting the domain of a trigonometric function, however
Trigonometry
Oscillatory error in Fourier series
continuously differentiable periodic function around a jump discontinuity. The N {\textstyle N} th partial Fourier series of the function (formed by summing the
Gibbs_phenomenon
describe periodic phenomena. Inverse trigonometric functions. See also Gudermannian function. Most special functions are transcendental. Indicator function: maps
List of mathematical functions
List_of_mathematical_functions
Second order linear differential equation featuring a periodic function
{d^{2}y}{dt^{2}}}+f(t)y=0,} where f ( t ) {\displaystyle f(t)} is a periodic function with minimal period π {\displaystyle \pi } . By this we mean that
Hill_differential_equation
Distance over which a wave's shape repeats
physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. In other words
Wavelength
Indicator function of rational numbers
}(x+T)=\mathbf {1} _{\mathbb {Q} }(x)} . The Dirichlet function is therefore an example of a real periodic function which is not constant but whose set of periods
Dirichlet_function
Function in discrete mathematics
values. It is therefore a basic tool for numerical work with smooth periodic functions, which can often be approximated well by trigonometric polynomials
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Measure of change in a periodic variable
are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes
Amplitude
Branch of ordinary differential equations
× n {\displaystyle \displaystyle A(t)\in {R^{n\times n}}} being a periodic function with period T {\displaystyle T} and defines the state of the stability
Floquet_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
non-periodic, or periodic function in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Aperiodic means non-periodic. Typically it refers to aperiodic function. Aperiodic
Aperiodic_(disambiguation)
Function with unusual fractal properties
is represented by a periodic continued fraction, so the value of the question-mark function on x {\displaystyle x} is a periodic binary fraction and thus
Minkowski's question-mark function
Minkowski's_question-mark_function
Amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time
case of a periodic signal s(t) of period T, like a train of identical pulses, the instantaneous power p(t)=|s(t)|2 is also a periodic function of period
Power_(physics)
Special mathematical functions defined on the surface of a sphere
harmonics. This is similar to periodic functions defined on a circle that can be expressed as a sum of circular functions (sines and cosines) via Fourier
Spherical_harmonics
Subset of a topological space whose closure is compact
closure is the whole non-compact space. The definition of an almost periodic function F at a conceptual level has to do with the translates of F being a
Relatively_compact_subspace
Concept in mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis, the Dirichlet kernel, is the collection of periodic functions defined as D n ( x ) = ∑ k = − n n e i k x = 1 + 2 ∑ k = 1 n cos
Dirichlet_kernel
Generalization of polynomials
come from a ring, the coefficients of quasi-polynomials are instead periodic functions with integral period. Quasi-polynomials appear throughout much of
Quasi-polynomial
Correlation of a signal with a time-shifted copy of itself, as a function of shift
autocorrelation of a periodic function is, itself, periodic with the same period. The autocorrelation of the sum of two completely uncorrelated functions (the cross-correlation
Autocorrelation
S-shaped curve
be modeled as a periodic function (of period T {\displaystyle T} ) or (in case of continuous infusion therapy) as a constant function, and one has that
Logistic_function
Tent function, often used in signal processing
\end{aligned}}} Källén function, also known as triangle function Tent map Triangular distribution Triangle wave, a piecewise linear periodic function Trigonometric
Triangular_function
Type of generalization of periodic functions in Euclidean space
topological group. Automorphic forms are a generalization of the idea of periodic functions in Euclidean space to general topological groups. Modular forms are
Automorphic_form
Mathematical problem in classical harmonic analysis
question of whether the Fourier series of a given periodic function converges to the given function is studied in classical harmonic analysis, a branch
Convergence_of_Fourier_series
Integral expressing the amount of overlap of one function as it is shifted over another
be defined for functions on Euclidean space and other groups (as algebraic structures).[citation needed] For example, periodic functions, such as the discrete-time
Convolution
Fourier transform of a real-space lattice, important in solid-state physics
arrangement of the atoms. The direct lattice or real lattice is a periodic function in physical space, such as a crystal system (usually a Bravais lattice)
Reciprocal_lattice
Fourier analysis technique applied to sequences
it produces a function of frequency that is a periodic summation of the continuous Fourier transform of the original continuous function. In simpler terms
Discrete-time Fourier transform
Discrete-time_Fourier_transform
Extension of the factorial function
give a unique solution, since it allows for multiplication by any periodic function g ( x ) {\displaystyle g(x)} with g ( x ) = g ( x + 1 ) {\displaystyle
Gamma_function
Mean amplitude of a waveform in the time domain
In signal processing, when describing a periodic function in the time domain, the DC bias, DC component, DC offset, or DC coefficient is the mean value
DC_bias
Type of motion that is approximately periodic
/ j {\displaystyle i/j} is some specific constant, then the function is actually periodic rather than quasiperiodic. See Kronecker's theorem for the geometric
Quasiperiodic_motion
Inverse of a finite difference
F+C} , where C ( x ) {\displaystyle C(x)} is a 1 {\displaystyle 1} -periodic function. By choosing one representative from the set of solutions in a way
Indefinite_sum
Different forms of the table of elements
spiral periodic tables, "Mendeleev...steadfastly refused to depict the system as [such]...His objection was that he could not express this function mathematically
Types_of_periodic_tables
Planetary motions in archaic models of the Solar System
}e^{ik_{0}t}+a_{1}e^{ik_{1}t}\,.} This is an almost periodic function, and is a periodic function just when the ratio of the constants kj is rational
Deferent_and_epicycle
periodic functions on G to the theory of continuous functions on H. The concept is named after Harald Bohr who pioneered the study of almost periodic
Bohr_compactification
Branch of mathematics
characteristics of the input function: Whether the input function's domain is continuous or discrete, and Whether the input function is periodic or aperiodic in its
Fourier_analysis
cases: Fourier series When the input function/waveform is periodic, the Fourier transform output is a Dirac comb function, modulated by a discrete sequence
List of Fourier-related transforms
List_of_Fourier-related_transforms
Special function occurring in problems possessing elliptic symmetry
including Mathieu functions of fractional order as well as non-periodic solutions. Closely related are the modified Mathieu functions, also known as radial
Mathieu_function
Mathematical function
period of the function pq u {\displaystyle \operatorname {pq} u} ; that is, the function pq u {\displaystyle \operatorname {pq} u} is periodic in the direction
Jacobi_elliptic_functions
Characteristic of any structure that is periodic across a position in space
very common that the raw data in k-space shows features of periodic functions. The periodicity is not spatial frequency, but is temporal frequency. An MRI
Spatial_frequency
Numerical integration method
number of function evaluations; Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature can be viewed as a change of variables to express arbitrary integrals in terms of periodic integrals
Trapezoidal_rule
Generalized function whose value is zero everywhere except at zero
series associated with a periodic function converges to the function. The n-th partial sum of the Fourier series of a function f of period 2π is defined
Dirac_delta_function
Topics referred to by the same term
In mathematics, Bloch function may refer to: Named after Swiss physicist Felix Bloch a periodic function which appears in the solution of the Schrödinger
Bloch_function
Circle with radius of one
^{2}\theta =1.} The unit circle also demonstrates that sine and cosine are periodic functions, with the identities cos θ = cos ( 2 π k + θ ) {\displaystyle
Unit_circle
Theorem
Dirichlet–Jordan test gives sufficient conditions for a complex-valued, periodic function f {\displaystyle f} to be equal to the sum of its Fourier series at
Dirichlet–Jordan_test
Repetitive variation of some measure about a central value
Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between
Oscillation
Function acting on function spaces
operator. In the simple case of periodic functions, this result is based on the theorem that any continuous periodic function can be represented as the sum
Operator_(mathematics)
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually t {\displaystyle t} , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable s {\displaystyle
Laplace_transform
Summability method used in harmonic analysis
>0\\0,&{\mbox{otherwise}}.\end{cases}}} Let f {\displaystyle f} be a periodic function, thought of as being on the n-torus, T n {\displaystyle \mathbb {T}
Bochner–Riesz_mean
Square root of the mean square
RMS over all time of a periodic function is equal to the RMS of one period of the function. The RMS value of a continuous function or signal can be approximated
Root_mean_square
Mathematical functions related to Weierstrass's elliptic function
_{i}=\zeta (\omega _{i}/2;\Lambda )} (see zeta function below). Also it is a "quasi-periodic" function, with the following property: σ ( z + 2 ω i ) =
Weierstrass sigma, zeta, and eta functions
Weierstrass_sigma,_zeta,_and_eta_functions
Model in Quantum Physics
periodic function with a period a. According to Bloch's theorem, the wavefunction solution of the Schrödinger equation when the potential is periodic
Particle in a one-dimensional lattice
Particle_in_a_one-dimensional_lattice
Class of mathematical functions
the theory of elliptic functions, i.e., meromorphic functions that are doubly periodic. A ℘-function together with its derivative can be used to parameterize
Weierstrass_elliptic_function
Decompositions of inner product spaces into orthonormal bases
expansion is applied to periodic functions. In contrast, a generalized Fourier series uses any set of orthogonal basis functions and can apply to any square
Generalized_Fourier_series
Periodic boundary condition in solid-state physics
requires the wave function to be periodic on a certain Bravais lattice. Named after Max Born and Theodore von Kármán, this periodic boundary condition
Born–von Karman boundary condition
Born–von_Karman_boundary_condition
June 1914 – 4 April 2004) was a mathematician who worked on almost periodic functions, Sturm–Liouville operators and inverse scattering. Levitan was born
Boris_Levitan
Variations in data at specific regular intervals less than a year
quasiperiodicity is a more general, irregular periodicity. Box–Jenkins method Oscillation Periodic function Periodicity (disambiguation) Photoperiodism .● Source
Seasonality
(pp. 52–53) describes the finite Fourier transform as a "continuous periodic function" and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as "a set of samples of
Finite_Fourier_transform
Duality for locally compact abelian groups
have Fourier transforms that are also functions on the real line and, just as for periodic functions, these functions can be recovered from their Fourier
Pontryagin_duality
Linear mathematical operator which translates a function
on functions of a real variable plays an important role in harmonic analysis, for example, it appears in the definitions of almost periodic functions, positive-definite
Shift_operator
Mathematical function relating circular and hyperbolic functions
Gudermannian function (with a complex argument) may be used to define the transverse Mercator projection. The Gudermannian function appears in a non-periodic solution
Gudermannian_function
Concept in mathematics
example in trigonometric interpolation applied to the interpolation of periodic functions. They are used also in the discrete Fourier transform. The term trigonometric
Trigonometric_polynomial
Shape and form of a signal
shape of its graph as a function of time, independent of its time and magnitude scales and of any displacement in time. Periodic waveforms repeat regularly
Waveform
Theorem in mathematics
{\displaystyle P} -periodic functions u P {\displaystyle u_{_{P}}} and v P , {\displaystyle v_{_{P}},} which can be expressed as periodic summations: u
Convolution_theorem
SI unit of frequency
Orders of magnitude (frequency) Orders of magnitude (rotational speed) Periodic function Radian per second Rate Sampling rate Although hertz is often said
Hertz
Property of two or more vectors that are orthogonal and of unit length
of expressing a periodic function in terms of sinusoidal basis functions. Taking C[−π,π] to be the space of all real-valued functions continuous on the
Orthonormality
Integral transform and linear operator
{\displaystyle H(f)(x)=-i{\bigl (}F_{+}(x)+F_{-}(x){\bigr )}.} For a periodic function f the circular Hilbert transform is defined: f ~ ( x ) ≜ 1 2 π p
Hilbert_transform
Limiting set in dynamical systems
sum of Nt periodic functions (not necessarily sine waves) with incommensurate frequencies. Such a time series does not have a strict periodicity, but its
Attractor
Smooth nowhere-analytic function
2}}.} A sharp description requires both the Lambert W function and a logarithmically periodic correction. Set L = log 2 {\displaystyle L=\log 2} and
Fabius_function
Ordered chemical structure with no repeating pattern
quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space,
Quasicrystal
Topics referred to by the same term
period, the result of Fourier analysis of a periodic function Fourier analysis, the description of functions as sums of sinusoids Fourier transform, the
Fourier
Philosophical thought experiment
shows statistical entropy in a closed system must eventually be a periodic function; therefore, the Second Law, which is always observed to increase entropy
Boltzmann_brain
analysis is that a function has a harmonic spectrum if and only if it is periodic. Fourier series Harmonic series (music) Periodic function Scale of harmonics
Harmonic_spectrum
Visible difference in brightness or color
effective way to quantify contrast for periodic functions f(x) and is also known as the modulation mf of a periodic signal f. Modulation quantifies the relative
Contrast_(vision)
of a motion Penup Phase (waves) – Elapsed fraction of a cycle of a periodic function Pitch (handwriting) Polar distribution – Type of probability distributionPages
Index of graphonomics-related articles
Index_of_graphonomics-related_articles
Russian mathematician (1891–1970)
Rockefeller Fellowship, where he worked on almost periodic functions under Harald Bohr. A type of function space in that field now bears his name. After a
Abram_Besicovitch
In approximation theory, a converse to Jackson's theorem
polynomials, the result is as follows: Let f: [0, 2π] → ℂ be a 2 π periodic function, and assume r is a positive integer, and that 0 < α < 1 . If there
Bernstein's theorem (approximation theory)
Bernstein's_theorem_(approximation_theory)
– Resonance – Sonoluminescence – Speed of light – Sunspot Almost periodic function – Amplitude modulation – Amplitude – Beat – Chaos theory – Cyclic
List_of_cycles
Algebraic structure used in topology
{\displaystyle df(\theta )=f'(\theta )d\theta } . Differentials of a periodic function have the property that their integral over a whole period is zero:
Cohomology
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PERIODIC FUNCTION
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