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War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)
The Peloponnesian War was fought in the Eastern Mediterranean between the Athenian-led Delian League and the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League from 431
Peloponnesian_War
Ancient Greek war (460–445 BC)
The First Peloponnesian War (460–445 BC) was fought between Spartans as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably
First_Peloponnesian_War
5th century BC history book by Thucydides
the Peloponnesian War (/pɛləpəˈniːʃən/) is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), which was fought between the Peloponnesian League
History of the Peloponnesian War
History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War
Military alliance led by Sparta, c. 550 – 366 BC
the two rivals in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), against the Delian League, which was dominated by Athens. The Peloponnesian League is the modern
Peloponnesian_League
Period of ancient Greece (510 to 323 BC)
Empire; the peak flourishing of democratic Athens; the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars; the Spartan and then Theban hegemonies; and the expansion of Macedonia
Classical_Greece
earthquake destroyed Sparta in 464 BC. When Sparta defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War, it secured an unrivaled hegemony over southern Greece. Sparta's supremacy
History_of_Sparta
Spartan domination of parts of Greece (404–371 BC)
Peloponnese. The defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431–404 BC resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the southern
Spartan_hegemony
Association of ancient Greek city-states under Athenian hegemony
administration, prompted the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC under the direction of Lysander
Delian_League
Army of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
conflicts (the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars), which devastated Greece. Sparta suffered several defeats during these wars, including, for the first time
Spartan_army
Series of conflicts in the 5th century BC
between the end of the second Persian invasion of Greece and the Peloponnesian War (479–431 BC) is not well supported by surviving ancient sources. This
Greco-Persian_Wars
Legendary war in Greek mythology
Nation) Volume A. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon, 1968. Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War, 1.12.2. Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths, "The Returns". Apollodorus
Trojan_War
Ancient Greek city on the island of Corfu
Corinth, which belonged to the Peloponnesian League. In 427 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, there was a revolution and civil war in Corcyra between the democrats
Corcyra_(polis)
Ancient city in southeastern Boeotia, Greece
inhabitants were unmolested until the commencement of the Peloponnesian War. In the spring of 431 BC, before war was formally declared, a party of 300 Thebans attempted
Plataea
City-state in ancient Greece
Pausanias respectively. Sparta led the Peloponnesian League against the Athenian empire during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), from which it emerged
Sparta
Ancient vessel with three banks of oars
vital role in the Persian Wars, the creation of the Athenian maritime empire and its downfall during the Peloponnesian War. Medieval and early modern
Trireme
City-state in ancient Greece
the age of Pericles. In the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), the Athenian empire fought against the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League, suffering a decisive
Classical_Athens
Ancient Greek war (395–387 BC)
the Achaemenid Empire. The war was caused by dissatisfaction with Spartan imperialism in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), both from Athens
Corinthian_War
Historic town in Greece
First Peloponnesian War (460 – c. 445 BC). By the terms of the Thirty Years' Peace of 446–445 BC Megara was forced to return to the Peloponnesian League
Megara
American historian and classicist (1932–2021)
of Greek history and is notable for his four-volume history of the Peloponnesian War. Kagan was born in Kuršėnai, Lithuania, on May 1, 1932, to a Jewish
Donald_Kagan
onset of the Peloponnesian War. The main sources concerning the Peloponnesian war (431–404 BC) are Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War and Xenophon's
History_of_Greece
5th-century BC Athenian historian and general
Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides
Thucydides
Subjugated population in ancient Sparta
location missing publisher (link) Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War, 1.102.3 Thucydides. The Peloponnesian War, 1.103.3 Thucydides, 4.41, 2–3. Bibliography
Helots
Traditional peninsular region in Greece
Plataea under Pausanias. The Peloponnesian League under Spartan leadership defeated Athenians at the Peloponnesian War of 431–404 BC. The entire Peloponnese
Peloponnese
5th century BCE military conflict between Athens and the island of Samos
and war are drawn from Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 1.115-117. Kagan, Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, p. 170. Meiggs, The Athenian Empire, p
Samian_War
Thebes' victory against Sparta in 371 BC
which Sparta had gained with its victory in the Peloponnesian War a generation earlier. The Corinthian War, between Sparta and a Persian-backed coalition
Battle_of_Leuctra
Ancient Greek tribe
73 Peloponnesian War, 1.3. Peloponnesian War, 1.12. Peloponnesian War, 2.54. Peloponnesian War, 1.24. Peloponnesian War, 7.58. Peloponnesian War 1.124
Dorians
City in Boeotia, Greece
overran and occupied the rest of the country (457–447 BC). In the Peloponnesian War, the Thebans, embittered by the support that Athens gave to the smaller
Thebes,_Greece
Battle between Aegina (and its allies) and Athens (458–57 BC)
and 457 BCE between Aegina, aided by the Peloponnesian League, and Athens, as part of the First Peloponnesian War. The battle saw Athens capture most of
Battle_of_Aegina
(Ancient Greek: Ξενάρης) on two separate occasions in his account of the Peloponnesian War, most likely referring to two different Spartans rather than the same
Xenares_(Peloponnesian_War)
Ancient city-state in mainland Greece
their conduct during the Peloponnesian War, yet they bore no malice whatever. In 395 BC, after the end of the Peloponnesian War, Corinth and Thebes, dissatisfied
Ancient_Corinth
Greek historian and geographer (c. 484–c. 425 BC)
contemporaneous historian Thucydides, who covered the Peloponnesian War in his History of the Peloponnesian War, would separately accuse Herodotus of making up
Herodotus
Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea
the Peloponnesian War, Samos appears as one of the most loyal dependencies of Athens, serving as a base for the naval war against the Peloponnesians and
Samos
4th-century BCE conflict between Thebes and Sparta
and permanently weakened. Sparta had emerged victorious from the Peloponnesian War against Athens (431–404 BC), and occupied a hegemonic position over
Theban–Spartan_War
Speech during the Peloponnesian War
Funeral Oration" is a famous speech from Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War. The speech was supposed to have been delivered by Pericles, an eminent
Pericles's_Funeral_Oration
5th century BC military conflicts
Greco-Persian Wars. The military history of Greece between the end of the second Persian invasion of Greece and the Peloponnesian War (479–431 BC) is
Wars_of_the_Delian_League
Athenian military expedition to Sicily during the Peloponnesian War (415–413 BC)
Athenian military campaign in Sicily from 415 to 413 BC during the Peloponnesian War. It pitted Athens and its allies against Syracuse, supported by Sparta
Sicilian_Expedition
Military strategy of wearing down the enemy
manpower, or morale. The Peloponnesian War, particularly Athens' naval strategy to avoid land battles and stretch Spartan resources The War of Attrition between
Attrition_warfare
2018 video game
role in Odyssey. The game's plot tells a mythological history of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 422 BCE. Players control a Spartan
Assassin's_Creed_Odyssey
Town in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece
but became the site of the Battle of Pylos in 425 BC, during the Peloponnesian War. After that, Pylos is scarcely mentioned until the 13th century, when
Pylos
the Peloponnesian War (431 BC), Nisaea was defeated in a naval battle against an Athenian fleet. Following their defeat, eight thousand Peloponnesian soldiers
Nisaea
Long-term strategy employed by a nation to further its interests
strategy comes from Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War, an account of the war between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League
Grand_strategy
Ancient Greek soldier in a phalanx
rivalry in the aftermath of the Persian wars brought Greece into renewed internal conflict. The Peloponnesian War was on a scale unlike conflicts before
Hoplite
Ancient Greek city-state
the Peloponnesian War, THE FOURTH BOOK, chapter 93". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2025-05-20. "Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, THE
Thespiae
Board wargame
The Peloponnesian War is a board wargame published by Simulations Canada (SimCan) in 1977 that simulates the 5th century BCE war between the Greek cities
The Peloponnesian War (wargame)
The_Peloponnesian_War_(wargame)
Athenian general and statesman (c. 450–404 BC)
the Alcmaeonidae, he played a major role in the second half of the Peloponnesian War as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician, but subsequently
Alcibiades
Formal act by which one state announces war against another
declaration of war against Plataea, Athens' ally – an event that began the Peloponnesian War. The utility of formal declarations of war has always been
Declaration_of_war
Period in Greek politics and culture covering the 5th century BC
Sparta and brought about the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC. After both sides were exhausted, a brief peace occurred, and then the war resumed to Sparta's advantage
Greece_in_the_5th_century_BC
dominant land power of Sparta after this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw diversification of warfare. Emphasis shifted to naval battles
Ancient_Greek_warfare
Ancient military conflicts
Spartan king Pleistoanax. Taras supported the Peloponnesian side against Athens in the Peloponnesian War, refused anchorage and water to Athens in 415
Iapygian–Tarentine_wars
Powerful family in Ancient Athens
of Athenian democracy, and having generals for Athens during the Peloponnesian War. The Alcmaeonidae were mentioned frequently throughout Herodotus'
Alcmaeonidae
British historian of Ancient Greece (1910–2000)
civil. Ste. Croix is best known for his books The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (1972) and The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: from the
G._E._M._de_Ste._Croix
Greek philosopher, historian, and soldier (c.430–355/354 BC)
sentence of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War covering the last seven years of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) and the subsequent forty-two
Xenophon
Historical summary of Athens
arts, establishing Athens as a center of classical civilization. The Peloponnesian War against Sparta ended in Athenian defeat and marked a decline in its
History_of_Athens
The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I is estimated to be 15 to 22 million deaths[failed verification] and about 21 million
World_War_I_casualties
Act or event that provokes or is used to justify war
popularized by Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War. The proschemata are the stated reasons for waging war, which may or may not be the same as the
Casus_belli
Greek island, south of Athens
were struck up to the end of the 5th century BC. During the First Peloponnesian War, by 456 BC, it was replaced by the land tortoise. During the naval
Aegina
Series of water waves
historian Thucydides suggested in his 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding
Tsunami
Peloponnesian War Siege of Nisaea (424 BC) – Peloponnesian War Siege of Delium (424 BC) – Peloponnesian War Siege of Mende (423 BC) – Peloponnesian War
List_of_sieges
Classical Athenian comic playwright (c. 446 – c. 386 BC)
including Euripides and Alcibiades, and contemporary events, such as the Peloponnesian War. He has been said to recreate the life of ancient Athens more convincingly
Aristophanes
Indo-European people in ancient southeast Europe
early history, it remained an ally of Athens and even joined the Peloponnesian War on its side. By 400 BC, the state showed first signs of fatigue, although
Thracians
Merchant ship used to evade a naval blockade
American Civil War, and Germany during the World Wars. There were numerous blockades and attempts at blockade running during the Peloponnesian War. With his
Blockade_runner
Mythical eponym of Italy
According to Aristotle (Politics) and Thucydides (History of the Peloponnesian War), Italus was the eponym of Italy (Italia). Aristotle, writing in the
Italus
Comedy by Aristophanes
Lenaia festival in 422 BC, during Athens' short-lived respite from the Peloponnesian War and shortly before the death of Cleon. The Wasps follows a son's attempt
The_Wasps
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
the Greco-Persian Wars to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, which included the Golden Age of Athens, the Peloponnesian War between Athens and
Ancient_Greece
Sea monster in Greek mythology
his livelihood. Homer, Odyssey 12.104 Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.24.5 Andrews, Tamra (2000). Dictionary of Nature Myths: Legends
Charybdis
Region in Greek mythology
which is within 110 km (68 miles) of Ithaca. Thucydides, in his Peloponnesian War, identifies Scheria as Corfu or, with its ancient name, Corcyra. In
Scheria
Tribe of giants in the Odyssey
Retrieved 12 July 2026. Adrienne Mayor, The First Fossil Hunters, p. 201, citing Thucydides. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, book 6, section 2.
Laestrygonians
1946–1949 civil war in Greece
The Greek Civil War (Greek: Εμφύλιος Πόλεμος, romanized: Emfýlios Pólemos, lit. 'Civil War') took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted
Greek_Civil_War
Greek history period from 479 to 431 BC
invasion of Greece at Plataea in 479 BC and the beginning of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC. The term originated with a scholiast commenting on Thucydides
Pentecontaetia
446/445 BC treaty between Athens and Sparta
as the First Peloponnesian War, which had been raging since c. 460 BC. The purpose of the treaty was to prevent another outbreak of war. Ultimately, the
Thirty_Years'_Peace
Athenian statesman and general (c.-495,-429)
Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian,
Pericles
Government regime in ancient Athens
in 404 BC after the end of the Peloponnesian War, and then by the Macedonians in 322 BC after the end of the Lamian War. The Athenian institutions were
Athenian_democracy
Ancient Sicilian city
Thucydides, in enumerating the allies of the Athenians at the time of the Peloponnesian War, distinctly calls the Segestans barbarians. At the same time they
Segesta
Archaic Greek expansion across the Mediterranean and Black Sea (750–550 BC)
allies during the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides' account of the Athenian's attempt to colonise Sicily during the Peloponnesian War was due to the support
Greek_colonisation
425 BCE battle between Athens and Sparta, part of the Peloponnesian War
The Battle of Sphacteria was a land battle of the Peloponnesian War, fought in 425 BC between Athens and Sparta. Following the Battle of Pylos and subsequent
Battle_of_Sphacteria
Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire (1821–1829)
the Messenian Senate, a Peloponnesian assembly convened, and elected a Senate on 26 May. Most of the members of the Peloponnesian Senate were local notables
Greek_War_of_Independence
Civil conflicts in Greece
and shipowners from the Islands, primarily Hydra island, against the Peloponnesians or Moreotes. It divided the nation, and seriously weakened the military
Greek_civil_wars_of_1823–1825
Jewish American historian (born 1953)
Co-edited with Richard Ned Lebow. War and Democracy: A Comparative Study of the Korean War and the Peloponnesian War (2001), East Gate Books. Co-edited
Barry_S._Strauss
Identifying the causes of World War I remains a debated issue. World War I began in the Balkans on 28 July 1914, and hostilities ended on 11 November 1918
Causes_of_World_War_I
480–479 BC phase of the Greco-Persian Wars
Taking on this lesson, the Persian empire would later, after the Peloponnesian War, start recruiting and relying on Greek mercenaries. Shahbazi 2012
Second Persian invasion of Greece
Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece
King of Sparta in 445–426 and 408–395 BC
Pausanias clashed with Lysander, the Spartan general who had won the Peloponnesian War against Athens in 404 BC and supported an imperialist policy in the
Pausanias_(king_of_Sparta)
Comedy by Aristophanes
Lysistrata's – mission to end the Peloponnesian War between Greek city states by denying sex from all the men of warring parties and occupying the Acropolis
Lysistrata
Earthquake affecting ancient Greece
arrival is said to have been a key event that led up to the First Peloponnesian War. Sparta was located on what is currently called the Hellenic arc which
464_BC_Sparta_earthquake
Politician or orator who panders to fears and emotions of the public
restoration of peace that lasted until the outbreak of the Second Peloponnesian War.[citation needed] Modern commentators suspect that Thucydides and
Demagogue
Covert armed youth group in ancient Sparta
Crypteia when he writes, in his account of the eighth year of the Peloponnesian War, The Lacedaemonians were also glad to have an excuse for sending some
Crypteia
Possible Greco-Persian treaty (c. 449 BC)
446 to 445 BC, the growing Athenian threat eventually led to the Peloponnesian War. Fighting between the Greeks and the Persians subsided after 450,
Peace_of_Callias
458 BCE – First Peloponnesian War Battle of Aegospotami – 405 BCE – Peloponnesian War Battle of Agincourt – 1415 – Hundred Years' War Battle of Agnadello
List of battles (alphabetical)
List_of_battles_(alphabetical)
Island in Greece
Thucydides, Peloponnesian War 3.10. Merouses 2002 ch. 5, sect. 3 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 8.14–15 Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 8.16 A translation
Chios
Three wars between the Roman Republic and the Samnites in Central Italy, 343–290 BC
Samnite War and events, which according to Thucydides, caused the Peloponnesian War, but there are differences as well. It is clear that Livy, or his
Samnite_Wars
Athenian statesman and general (died 422 BC)
BC) was an Athenian politician and general (strategos) during the Peloponnesian War. The son of Cleaenetus, a wealthy tanner, Cleon was among the first
Cleon
Festivals of Dionysus in ancient Athens
served Athens in some beneficial way during the year. During the Peloponnesian War, orphaned children of those who had been killed in battle were also
Dionysia
Greek cape at the southernmost tip of the Attic peninsula
of the Leontis tribe (phyle) even before its fortification in the Peloponnesian War. It sent four men to the ancient Boule of 500 at the time of Cleisthenes
Sounion
Annotated ancient history textbooks
Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War (1996), an edition of Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Richard Crawley.
Landmark_Ancient_Histories
416 BC event of the Peloponnesian War
The siege of Melos occurred in 416 BC, during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, when the Athenians attacked Melos, an island in the Aegean
Siege_of_Melos
Agiad King of Sparta from c. 524 BC to c. 490 BC
could vote on declaring war and making peace. A few years later, possibly in 504, the first recorded congress of the Peloponnesian League took place in Sparta
Cleomenes_I
Thasos rebelled against Athenian control (465 BC)
breakdown of relations which would result in the outbreak of the First Peloponnesian War by the end of the decade. Thucydides reports that the dispute between
Thasian_rebellion
Period of ancient Greece from c. 800 to 480 BC
comes from written histories, such as Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War. By contrast, no such evidence survives from the archaic period. Surviving
Archaic_Greece
Novel by Mary Renault
portrait of Athens at the close of the Golden Age and the end of the Peloponnesian War with Sparta, and includes Socrates as a character. The novel is narrated
The_Last_of_the_Wine
Ancient Greek currency
and for a heliast (juror) half a drachma since 425 BC. Before the Peloponnesian War (beginning in 431), which caused significant inflation, a laborer
Ancient_drachma
leaves account of "Golden Age of Pericles" and Peloponnesian War at his death (History of the Peloponnesian War). 400: Adranon is founded by Dionysius Aygris
Timeline_of_ancient_Greece
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