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Subjugated population in ancient Sparta
proportion of helots in relation to Spartan citizens varied throughout the history of the Spartan state; according to Herodotus, there were seven helots for each
Helots
City-state in ancient Greece
mothakes and perioikoi (free non-citizens), and helots (state-owned enslaved non-Spartan locals), with helots making up the vast majority of the population;
Sparta
Covert armed youth group in ancient Sparta
any helots who they came across. That suggests that helots may have had to comply with curfew laws put into place by the Spartans. Troublesome helots could
Crypteia
Structure of ancient Spartan government
supported by their kleroi and Helots, and to do no work, except that related to military conflict. All classes, including Helots, fought in the Spartan military
Spartan_constitution
City in Texas, United States
Helotes (/həˈloʊtɪs/ hə-LOH-tis) is a city in Bexar County, Texas, United States, located on the far northwestern side of San Antonio. It is part of the
Helotes,_Texas
Army of the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
most numerous class was the Helots, state-owned serfs enslaved to farm the Spartiate klēros. By the 5th century BC, the helots, too, were used as light troops
Spartan_army
Citizens of ancient Sparta
develop through the use of the helot serfdom. This made the Spartiate similar to landed gentry. In order to keep the helots in check, all Spartiate must
Spartiate
Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD
to political functions. Sparta had a special type of slaves called helots. Helots were Messenians enslaved en masse during the Messenian Wars by the state
Ancient_Greece
War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)
switch sides and support the helots; the offended Athenians repudiated their alliance with Sparta. When the rebellious helots were finally forced to surrender
Peloponnesian_War
is used both for Spartan helots and for slaves as held elsewhere in the Greek world; later sources distinguish between helots, who were the property of
Women_in_ancient_Sparta
Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)
their fighting age helots to assist on the logistical problems posed by such a large Greek army. He argues that only 10,000 helots were deployed for combat
Battle_of_Plataea
Spartan free non-citizens
perioeci owned helots, which means that the main division in the Spartan society was between Spartan citizens and perioeci on one side, and helots on the other
Perioeci
480 BC engagement of the Greco-Persian Wars
supposing (without proof) that there were 900 helots (three per Spartan) present at the battle. If helots were present at the battle, there is no reason
Battle_of_Thermopylae
and helots, which seems to indicate that they were not the same thing. Plato in Alcibiades I cites "the ownership of slaves, and notably helots" among
Slavery_in_ancient_Greece
Magistrates in ancient Sparta
also held power over the Helots and the Perioeci. They controlled the Crypteia, the secret police who repressed the Helots, and they were even able to
Ephor
Graphic novel
guards take shelter from a storm at a farm worked by Helots. For entertainment they force the Helots to drink unwatered wine and observe their drunken revels
Three_(comics)
King of Sparta from c. 930 to c. 900 BC
Classical era Laconian helots had forgotten their national identity, unlike their peers in Messenia—therefore indicating that Laconian helots had been enslaved
Agis_I
Ancient Spartan education and training regimen
agōgē, although they may have received a similar state-sponsored education. Helots (slaves), mothax (free non-citizens, thought to be children of slave rape
Agoge
Earthquake affecting ancient Greece
that this figure is likely an exaggeration. The earthquake gave Spartan helots an opportunity to revolt against their aristocratic rulers, and the Spartan
464_BC_Sparta_earthquake
War between Messenia and Sparta in Archaic Greece
result of two decades' struggle, the Messenian people became enslaved as helots and made serfs of the state, following Spartan victory in the southwestern
Second_Messenian_War
King of Sparta from c. 489 BC to 480 BC
meet Xerxes's army at Thermopylae with a small force of 1,200 men (900 helots and 300 Spartan hoplites), where he was joined by forces from other Greek
Leonidas_I
Epeunactae (ἐπευνακταί), were a class of citizens in ancient Sparta. They were Helots who either slept with the widows of Spartans when Sparta had manpower shortage
Epeunacti
immediate aftermath, the helots saw an opportunity to rebel. This was followed by the siege of Ithome which the rebel helots had fortified. The pro-Spartan
History_of_Sparta
1988 historical novel by Valerio Massimo Manfredi
Aristodemus, the last King of the Helots. The legend goes that he who wears his armour, shall be the one to free the Helots from slavery. However, the blood
Spartan_(book)
Species of moth
Pseudophaloe helotes is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1884. It is found in Panama. Savela, Markku (July 5, 2019)
Pseudophaloe_helotes
Spartan domination of parts of Greece (404–371 BC)
functioned within three classes: homoioi or spartiates, perioeci, and the helots. The helots were captives of war and were state-owned slaves of Sparta. They powered
Spartan_hegemony
Traditional founder of Sparta's institutions
redistributed the land of Laconia and Messenia equally among the homoioi with the helots as bound tenants. The consensus among scholars is that this never happened
Lycurgus
Agiad King of Sparta from c. 524 BC to c. 490 BC
battle. They were at least 2,000 Spartan soldiers, with an equal number of helots. The Spartan army marched north through the Perioecic city of Sellasia,
Cleomenes_I
Spartan military, helot (slave) soldiers
The neodamodes (Greek: νεοδαμώδεις, neodamōdeis) were helots freed after passing a time of service as hoplites in the Spartan army. The date of their first
Neodamodes
Species of fish
The Eastern striped grunter (Helotes sexlineatus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunter from the family Terapontidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific
Eastern_striped_grunter
Species of beetle
Batrisodes venyivi, also known as Helotes mold beetle, is an eyeless beetle in the family Staphylinidae. They are found exclusively in the dark zones
Batrisodes_venyivi
High school in Helotes, Bexar County, Texas, United States
Sandra Day O'Connor High School is a public high school in Helotes, Texas, United States, in the San Antonio metropolitan area. It is a part of the Northside
Sandra Day O'Connor High School (Texas)
Sandra_Day_O'Connor_High_School_(Texas)
Common meals for men and youths in social or religious groups in Ancient Greece
blood. The kleros, the allotment given to each Spartan and cultivated by helots, was supposed to allow all citizens to pay their share. If that proved impossible
Syssitia
5th-century BC Athenian statesman and general
helots. However, this expedition ended in humiliation for Cimon and for Athens when, fearing that the Athenians would end up siding with the helots,
Cimon
long history that dates back to the beginnings of human civilization, with helots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta, and coloni in the Roman Empire
History_of_serfdom
Ancient Greek war (460–445 BC)
siege efforts against the helots, the Spartans became fearful of Athens' revolutionary views being so close to the helots and Spartans. Fearing the Athenians
First_Peloponnesian_War
Love or admiration of Sparta
Cimon persuaded the Athenians to send soldiers to aid Sparta, when the helots (serfs of the Spartans) revolted and fortified Mount Ithome. The Spartans
Laconophilia
American country musician (born 1933)
amplifier and guitar with their "Prismatone" pickup. During a show in Helotes, Texas, Nelson left the guitar on the floor of the stage, and it was later
Willie_Nelson
Spartan soldier who was killed at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC
who were buried separately from the rest of the Spartiates and from the Helots. Herodotus, Histories, IX.72 Herodotus Book 9: Calliope, 72 "...he having
Callicrates_of_Sparta
Species of worm
Microcotyle helotes is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae. Microcotyle helotes was described
Microcotyle_helotes
Part of the economy of ancient Greece
most helots were liberated from agricultural serfdom by the Theban commander Epaminondas. The penestai in Thessaly held a similar status to the helots of
Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece
Spartan general and regent (died c. 477 BC)
convict Pausanias of disloyalty, even though some helots reported that Pausanias offered freedom if the helots joined in revolt. Later, one of the messengers
Pausanias_the_Regent
City in Texas, United States
are two roads serving Helotes and the far northwest side of the city. Hausman is a major road, and a route used by locals of Helotes and Northwest San Antonio
San_Antonio
Thessalian labourers
tied to the land they inhabited, comparable in status with the Spartan helots. Tradition made the penestae descendants of the Achaeans subjected by invading
Penestai
War between Messenia and Sparta
Achaeans to other states. Those who did not emigrate were reduced socially to helots, or serfs. Their descendants were held in hereditary servitude for centuries
First_Messenian_War
Last king of Sparta from 207 to 192 BC
but it seems that Nabis freed many helots as soon as he got into power. However, he might have only freed the helots living on the land of his exiled enemies
Nabis_of_Sparta
Cape in Greece
great and unlawful evil affecting suppliants, as the Spartans killed the Helots who had fled into Tainaron and were suppliants in the temple of Poseidon
Cape_Matapan
Acting Governor of the Cape Colony
Willem Helot (27 October 1675 – 7 November 1749), was secunde and Acting Governor of the Cape Colony. Helot arrived at the Cape as a soldier in 1694 and
Willem_Helot
Ancient temple in southern Greece
at Spartan ephors who killed helots taking refuge in his sanctuary. It is thought that the sanctuary pre-dates the helots' subjugation by the Spartans
Temple_of_Poseidon_(Tainaron)
Music venue in Helotes, Texas
Country Store, or just Floore's) is a music venue and dance hall located in Helotes, Texas. The John T. Floore country store is notable for its association
John_T._Floore_Country_Store
Military alliance led by Sparta, c. 550 – 366 BC
conquering Laconia and Messenia and reducing their population into slavery (as helots), but the subjugation of Tegea on its northern border failed at the battle
Peloponnesian_League
British documentary series
the Helots to revolt. A desperate Sparta asks Athens for help, only to change their minds once it is clear that Athens could side with the Helots. Sparta
The_Spartans_(TV_series)
Period of ancient Greece from c. 800 to 480 BC
against the assembly, and the enslavement of the Messenian population as Helots. Around the same time, the ephors gained the power to restrict the actions
Archaic_Greece
Theban general and statesman (419/411–362 BC)
one-third of Sparta's territory and contained half of their helot population. It had been the helots' labor which had allowed the Spartans to become a "full-time"
Epaminondas
425 BCE battle between Athens and Sparta, part of the Peloponnesian War
be able to hold out for longer than anticipated. By offering freedom to Helots and monetary rewards to free men who would volunteer to carry food across
Battle_of_Sphacteria
nothoi or mothakes. Unusually for slaves in ancient Greece, helots were free to select other helot partners for sexual reproduction, although the paramilitary
Women_in_Greece
Region of Ancient Greece
who did not manage to leave the area) were reduced to the condition of Helots. The Spartan poet Tyrtaeus describes how the Messenians endured the insolence
Messenia_(ancient_region)
Armed uprising by slaves
special type of serf called helots who were often treated harshly, leading them to rebel. According to Herodotus (IX, 28–29), helots were seven times as numerous
Slave_rebellion
Battle between Athens and Sparta (457 BC)
Sparta grew suspicious that the Athenians were potentially aiding the helots in Ithome in their uprising. Sparta turned away the Athenian forces that
Battle_of_Tanagra_(457_BC)
Ancient Greek social and political organisation
20th-century view that Perioeci and helots both came from the Achaeans was questioned because of Spartan abuse of the helots yet acceptance of Perioeci into
Polis
195 BCE war between Sparta and a Greco-Roman alliance
resisted them; much of the confiscated land was redistributed to liberated helots loyal to Nabis. After increasing his territory and wealth by the aforementioned
War_against_Nabis
Period of ancient Greece (510 to 323 BC)
thanks to an invasion of Laconia that also allowed him to liberate the helots and give them Messene as a capital. He decided in the end to constitute
Classical_Greece
1989 studio album by Tad
No. Title Length 1. "Behemoth" 4:10 2. "Pork Chop" 4:22 3. "Helot" 2:58 4. "Tuna Car" 2:37 5. "Sex God Missy" (Lumberjack mix) 4:29 6. "Cyanide Bath"
God's_Balls
Law-enforcement body
secret police force called the crypteia to watch the large population of helots, or slaves. In the Roman Empire, the army played a major role in providing
Police
laborers tied to the land and called penestae in Thessaly and helots in Sparta. Penestae and helots did not rate as chattel slaves; one could not freely buy
Slavery_in_antiquity
2024 studio album by Ella Langley
November 7, 2024 Buda Maverick's Dance Hall Laci Kaye Booth November 8, 2024 Helotes John T. Floore Country Store Leg 2 — Still Hungover (2025) January 23,
Hungover_(album)
Eurypontids Gerousia Ephorate Assembly Navarchy Social groups Spartiates Perioeci Helots Neodamodes Trophimoi Mothax Sciritae Epeunacti Partheniae Society Agoge
List_of_kings_of_Sparta
2002 novel by Jerry Pournelle
Legion is able to detect and defeat despite the Helots' advanced weaponry and sabotage campaigns. The Helots have off-planet assistance from Earth Prime in
The_Prince_(anthology)
Philosophical and political concept
the Indians agree with the Lacedaemonians. Yet the Lacedaemonians have Helots for slaves, who perform the duties of slaves; but the Indians have no slaves
Liberty
Greek rhetorician and writer (436–338 BC)
fact that this ordeal would not restore the true Messenians but rather the Helots, in turn making these slaves masters. Isocrates believed justice was most
Isocrates
Regional unit in Greece
mythology. The region was one of the largest that was conquered and enslaved as helots by ancient Sparta. In the Middle Ages, Messenia shared the fortunes of the
Messenia
Ancient Greek light infantry
sometimes even unfree conscripts would be employed, such as the Peloponnesian helots.[citation needed] They were armed with a variety of missile weapons and
Psiloi
outlast Sparta, whose citizens feared leave their city for long lest the helots, a subjugated population of Sparta, revolt. This strategy required that
History_of_Greece
Magistrate commanding the fleet in Sparta
Eurypontids Gerousia Ephorate Assembly Navarchy Social groups Spartiates Perioeci Helots Neodamodes Trophimoi Mothax Sciritae Epeunacti Partheniae Society Agoge
Navarch_(Sparta)
Traditional region of Ancient Greece
classes: The Penestae, whose condition was nearly the same as that of the Helots. The subject people, who inhabited the districts not occupied by the Thessalian
Ancient_Thessaly
King of Sparta
hold of the old Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the term "helot". He succeeded his father Teleclus and was succeeded by his son Polydorus
Alcmenes
Greek victory column in Istanbul, Turkey
Plataea, in 479 BC, Herodotus recounts the collection of rich spoils, by the Helots, (the Spartan underclass), who had taken part in the battle, and then records
Serpent_Column
Spartan general (died 391 BC)
with an army of about 5,000 men, composed of 1,000 Neodamodes (emancipated helots) and 4,000 other Peleponesians, to aid the Ionians against Tissaphernes
Thibron_(harmost)
Spartiate was a professional soldier. Spartans instead relied on slaves called helots for civilian jobs such as farming. If battle was refused by one side, it
Ancient_Greek_warfare
Species of amphibian
salamander native to the United States. It is endemic to central Texas, near Helotes, in Bexar County. The Texas salamander grows from 2 to 4 in (5.1 to 10
Eurycea_neotenes
222 BCE battle between a Macedonian-Achaean alliance and Sparta
for his mercenaries. In order to obtain money, Cleomenes began to sell helots their freedom in exchange for a sum of money. Cleomenes became aware of
Battle_of_Sellasia
Status of peasants under feudalism
institutions similar to serfdom were known in ancient times. The status of the helots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta resembled that of the medieval
Serfdom
Park) at the shores of Medina Lake in Lakehills to SH 16 northwest of Helotes. PR 37 has been noted as an excellent drive by motorcyclists for its views
Texas_Park_Road_37
Community in Greece
defeat of the Spartan army at the Battle of Leuctra in Boeotia, 371 BC, the helots of Messenia revolted yet again against their Spartan overlords. This time
Messene
Genus of ray-finned fishes
quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) (Fourlined terapon) The Eastern striped grunter (Helotes sexlineatus) is sometimes placed in the genus Pelates. Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer
Pelates
County in Texas, United States
stole horses and killed settlers in the county. In 1870, Comanches killed Helotes settlers and stole horses. Also, in 1871, Indians raided the Maverick Ranch
Bexar_County,_Texas
Citizenship in ancient Rome
conquered people (a tribe or a city-state) like Sparta and the conquered Helots, Rome tried to make those under its rule feel that they had a stake in the
Roman_citizenship
American artist (1908–1972)
husband, from 1968 until her death. She died of cancer at her home in Helotes, Texas in 1972. Stitchery developed out of the practices of the utilitarian
Martha_Mood
American Professor (born 1953)
heart of the Peloponnese to destroy Spartan hegemony, free the Messenian helots, and spread democracy in the Peloponnese. Hanson has edited several collections
Victor_Davis_Hanson
American politician
southwest portions of Bexar County, including the cities of San Antonio, Helotes, Von Ormy, Lytle, and the unincorporated community of Macdona. The district
John_Garza
Light infantry or light cavalry soldier
of 479 BC, mentioned that the Spartan Army fielded 35,000 lightly armed helots to 5,000 hoplites, but there is no mention of them in his account of the
Skirmisher
Permanent army composed of full-time career soldiers or conscripts
aside from mercenaries. However, the Spartan army commonly consisted of helots (serfs), who considerably outnumbered the Spartiates, as well as numerous
Standing_army
Spartan soldier (died 480 BC)
course of action. Eurytus donned his armor and turned back, ordering his helot attendant to lead him back to the battle. He entered the battle blind and
Eurytus_of_Sparta
American singer-songwriter (born 1983)
Fredericksburg, TX to be closer to the recording studio Stone Creek Sound in Helotes, TX. O’Toole is currently writing and recording his 9th studio album. Circeo
Rich_O'Toole
American college basketball season
ratings: Scout: Rivals: 247Sports: ESPN: (NR) Brendan Wenzel SG Helotes, TX O'Connor High School 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 170 lb (77 kg) Apr 18, 2019
2018–19 Utah Utes men's basketball team
2018–19_Utah_Utes_men's_basketball_team
Radio station in Helotes, Texas, United States
KONO-FM (101.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Helotes, Texas, and it serves Greater San Antonio. It is owned by Cox Media Group and airs
KONO-FM
Thasos rebelled against Athenian control (465 BC)
this promise only by an earthquake in Laconia in 464 BC, which triggered a helot rebellion. Thucydides cited the Thasian episode as one of the incidents
Thasian_rebellion
American country singer (born 1956)
final leg was played September 1, 3, and 4 at Floore's Country Store in Helotes, Texas. Approximately 3,000 people attended the last show on September
Robert_Earl_Keen
Spartan military and political leader (died 395 BC)
estimated at 454 BC. Some ancient authors record that his mother was a helot or slave. Lysander's father was Aristocritus, who was a member of the Spartan
Lysander
Building in Île-de-France, France
Ballon & Helot-Lécroart 1985, p.21; Ballon 2002, pp. 249–252. Ballon & Helot-Lécroart 1985, p. 27. Ballon & Helot-Lécroart 1985, p. 22. Ballon & Helot-Lécroart
Château_de_Rueil
HELOTS
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HELOTS