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Secret post-WWII United States program
Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken
Operation_Paperclip
American investigative journalist and author (born 1967)
general public" about Operation Paperclip in a review by Jay Watkins for the CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence. Operation Paperclip was included in
Annie_Jacobsen
Post WWII Soviet secret operation
scale, it had some parallels with earlier Allied operations such as the Alsos Mission, Operation Paperclip and Russian Alsos, which forcibly moved military
Operation_Osoaviakhim
Former intelligence agency within the United States Army
cryptography. At the end of World War II CIC agents were successful in Operation Paperclip that obtained German rocket scientists for the United States before
Counterintelligence_Corps
Austrian engineer (1900–1994)
turboshaft designs in the United States after the war as part of Operation Paperclip, including the Lycoming T53, the Honeywell T55, the AGT-1500, and
Anselm_Franz
Covert CIA operation during the Cold War
Operation Paperclip and Alsos Mission. Counterintelligence Corps Operation Osoaviakhim Operation Condor Operation Paperclip Operation Rusty Operation
Operation_Bloodstone
Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken
List of Germans relocated to the US via Operation Paperclip
List_of_Germans_relocated_to_the_US_via_Operation_Paperclip
2006 film by Steven Soderbergh
involving the American postwar employment of Nazi rocket scientists in Operation Paperclip. The film was shot in black-and-white and is designed to imitate
The_Good_German
Post-WW2 US evaluations of captured German technology
technology during and after World War II. It was the precursor to Operation Paperclip and centered at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio. During World War II
Operation_LUSTY
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1972)
employed by the United States government after the war as part of Operation Paperclip, with some figures such as Kurt Blome becoming involved in MKUltra
MKUltra
Nazi German scientist (1894–1969)
program, and for the US Chemical Corps under a successor program to Operation Paperclip. After attending elementary school and secondary school in Dortmund
Kurt_Blome
German-American rocket engineer and scientist (1908–1983)
brought to the United States via Operation Paperclip, and directed the design, development, construction and operation of NASA's Saturn launch facilities
Kurt_Debus
2nd episode of the 3rd season of The X-Files
government records, finding that a Nazi scientist working as part of Operation Paperclip may have been responsible for creating a race of human-alien hybrids
Paper_Clip
German prototype jet powered flying wing fighter (1944)
by the American military and shipped to the United States under Operation Paperclip. It was evaluated by both British and American researchers before
Horten_Ho_229
German-American rocket scientist
aerospace engineers of the era, he was not one of the initial hires of Operation Paperclip. Instead he took up work at the Heinkel Aircraft Company in Stuttgart
Heinrich_Struck
Clinical ophthalmologist and surgeon
surgeon and pioneer of modern vitreoretinal surgery. As part of Operation Paperclip Cibis came to the United States and performed research for the U
Paul_Anton_Cibis
Former secret American military intelligence facility
with the goal to exploit the German scientists recruited as part of Operation Paperclip in Europe. In order to prevent scientists specializing in rocket
P._O._Box_1142
German American aerospace engineer (1912–1977)
other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic
Wernher_von_Braun
German engineer (1898–1970)
he worked under the terms of Operation Paperclip. While at Wright Field Rickhey helped establish a smuggling operation, based on knowledge of black markets
Georg_Rickhey
Research project in Nazi Germany
their pursuit and denial to others. The best known US effort was Operation Paperclip, a broad dragnet that encompassed a wide range of advanced fields
German nuclear program during World War II
German_nuclear_program_during_World_War_II
German and American rocket scientist (1914–2018)
scientist. After being brought to the United States in 1953 as part of Operation Paperclip, he was part of Wernher von Braun's team at the United States Army
Georg_von_Tiesenhausen
German SS officer and war criminal (1913–1991)
French Resistance." Biography portal History portal Germany portal Operation Condor Operation Bloodstone Glossary of Nazi Germany List of Nazi Party leaders
Klaus_Barbie
British post-WWII recruiting of German scientists
were: Operation Paperclip - US removal of German rocketry experts and materials. TICOM (cryptography) Operation Alsos (nuclear weapons) Operation Osoaviakhim
Operation_Surgeon
Individual who hunts down Nazis and Nazi collaborators
former Nazi scientists and operatives for programs such as Operation Paperclip and Operation Osoaviakhim. Cooperative former Nazis, such as Wernher von
Nazi_hunting
Metal device to hold papers together
A paper clip (or paperclip) is a tool used to hold sheets of paper together, usually made of steel wire bent to a looped shape (though some are covered
Paper_clip
American subsidiary of automaker Stellantis
Wernher von Braun; this group had been brought to America under Operation Paperclip. OGMC designed the Army's first short-range ballistic missile, the
Chrysler
German rocket scientist (1919–2003)
from 1943-1945. At age 26, he emigrated to the United States via Operation Paperclip, where he worked for some years at Fort Bliss. In 1955 he began a
Magnus_von_Braun
2020s American conspiracy drama television series
A parallel plot element involves the discovery of Operation Paperclip, the U.S. government operation relocating German scientists (many of them Nazis)
Hunters_(2020_TV_series)
Walter Schreiber, were covertly moved to the United States during "Operation Paperclip" in 1951. Note: Some of those listed here were acquitted of the more
List_of_Nazi_doctors
American-born musician
lottery of life." Carey also recorded a 19-minute rock opera entitled Operation: Paperclip, The Return of The Stanislaus County Kid, written by Bob Madsen and
Tony_Carey
Topics referred to by the same term
computers Microsoft Paperclip, the default Microsoft Office Assistant Operation Paperclip, codename for the U.S. intelligence plan to extract scientists from
Paper_clip_(disambiguation)
American-born Israeli historian and Nazi hunter (born 1948)
country did not prosecute anyone as part of Simon Wiesenthal Center's Operation Last Chance and it also proved to be "technically impossible" to reverse
Efraim_Zuroff
Bosnian Croat Catholic priest
hrvatskog govornog područja u vrijeme vladavine Turaka (1991) Operation Bloodstone Operation Paperclip Ratlines for more details and references on Draganović
Krunoslav_Draganović
winter on 26 and 27 October 1942. In 1947, Büttner was recruited for Operation Paperclip and was first granted a leave of absence from teaching in Kiel and
Konrad_Johannes_Karl_Büttner
2013 video game
Wernicke, a German scientist brought to the United States during Operation Paperclip. Wernicke believed that intensive dream therapy conducted on traumatised
Outlast
German long-range ballistic missile
Union—raced to procure the Germans' missile technology. Through Operation Paperclip and Operation Osoaviakhim, captured hardware and manufacturing facilities
V-2_rocket
German physician and pathologist (1911–1992)
University of Frankfurt-am-Main, 1945–1947. In 1947 Lindenberg became an Operation Paperclip scientist, a term applied to Nazi scientists who came to the United
Richard_Lindenberg
Holocaust trials
Chemical Warfare Service to interrogate. They wanted to include him in Operation Paperclip, a secret postwar U.S. project that brought hundreds of Nazi scientists
Euthanasia_trials
2019 American historical drama television series
before coming to the U.S. to develop rockets for NASA, appearing in "Operation Paperclip". Bob Gunton as President Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the
Project_Blue_Book_(TV_series)
Allied project during WWII
and after the war, including Operation Paperclip (for rocketry), Operation Alsos (for nuclear information) and Operation Surgeon (for avionics). The project
TICOM
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
was brought, under contract, to the United States during Operation Paperclip. Operation Paperclip, authorized by President Truman, brought in over 1,600
Saturn_V
German aeronautical engineer and aviator
Münster and then at the Latimer prison camp. Knemeyer was part of Operation Paperclip and in June 1948 he was awarded a permanent contract of employment
Siegfried_Knemeyer
German Nazi functionary, SS and Police Leader, SS-Gruppenführer (1901–1970)
Nasser (Egypt) Perón (Argentina) Videla (Argentina) Operation Paperclip (USA) list of scientists Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR) list of scientists Robert Leiber
Ludolf_von_Alvensleben
German psychologist and human experimenter (1898–1986)
World War II. In 1947 he was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip and went on to serve in a number of high-level scientific posts with
Hubertus_Strughold
German scientist
Kramer relocated to the United States after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip. From 1947 to 1952 he worked for the Pilotless Aircraft Laboratory
Max_Kramer
Allied initiative to remove Nazism
among other German scientists recruited by the United States through Operation Paperclip and later occupied key positions in the American space program. The
Denazification
National integration of science and technology
members of the Nazi party, the Office of Strategic Services introduced Operation Paperclip, conducted under the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency. This program
Science and technology in the United States
Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States
United States Army general (1902–1967)
interrogation and possible employment. The mission became known as Operation Paperclip. By September 1945, the first group of scientists, including Wernher
Holger_Toftoy
1949 Soviet hearings of Japanese bacteriological warfare
and experience for use in their own warfare program (resembling Operation Paperclip), and so did the Soviet Union in building their bioweapons facility
Khabarovsk_war_crimes_trials
Post-World War II occupation of Germany
occurred at roughly the same time; the need for intelligence gathering (Operation Paperclip) may also have been a factor. After the Soviet withdrawal from the
Allied-occupied_Germany
Austrian Nazi hunter (1908–2005)
dignified enough and that he should have a larger say in the overall operations. He even wrote to the board of directors requesting Hier's removal, but
Simon_Wiesenthal
British-American interrogation camp during World War II
Camp Dustbin was a British-American interrogation camp located first at Chesnay, near Versailles, France, and then moved to Kransberg Castle outside Frankfurt
Camp_Dustbin
German-American scientist
rocket scientist. After being brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip, he developed guidance systems with Wernher von Braun's team for
Ernst_Stuhlinger
German-American rocket scientist and Operation Paperclip hire (1905–2001)
1905 – November 4, 2001) was a German-American rocket scientist and Operation Paperclip hire. After involvement with the development of numerous German rockets
William_August_Schulze
top scientist Arnim Zola, who was recruited into the agency during Operation Paperclip. When Hydra emerges, S.H.I.E.L.D. is labeled as a terrorist organization
List_of_Hydra_members
German WWII underground rocket factory
Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 60, 64–69, 75–77. ISBN 0-312-05510-2
Mittelwerk
Japanese biological weapons specialist (1892–1959)
experiments in a concentration camp similar to Unit 731. Josef Mengele Operation Paperclip Khabarovsk War Crime Trials Nobusuke Kishi Yang, Yan-jun; Tam, Yue-him
Shirō_Ishii
2021 novel by Sylvain Neuvel
Historical events covered include the United States' Operation Paperclip and the Soviet counterpart, Operation Osoaviakhim. The novel's chapter titles are titles
A_History_of_What_Comes_Next
Organization
Objectives Agency (JIOA) was the organization directly responsible for Operation Paperclip, an OSS and Army CIC program for recruiting German scientists for
Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency
Joint_Intelligence_Objectives_Agency
German veterinarian, scientist and virologist
1949 under the auspices of the United States government program Operation Paperclip, meant to rescue the scientific knowledge in Germany, and protect
Erich_Traub
Events after the end of the war in 1945
United States with its own Operation Lusty aviation technology personnel and knowledge recovery program. In Operation Paperclip, beginning in 1945, the United
Aftermath_of_World_War_II
Austrian-American psychiatrist and neurologist (1905–1985)
Massachusetts, survived by three children. Jacobsen, Annie (2014). Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to
Leo_Alexander
German-American architect and Operation Paperclip hire
architect and member of the "von Braun rocket team." He was a later Operation Paperclip hire and was involved in the design of numerous buildings in Space
Heinz_Hilten
1912 – April 18, 2006), was a German-born engineer and author, an Operation Paperclip scientist, and engineer at the Allen-Bradley Co. in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Heinz_Schlicke
Austrian Waffen-SS officer (1908–1975)
Over the course of the conflict, he was implicated in several notable operations, among them the removal from power of the Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy
Otto_Skorzeny
20th-century pro-Waffen-SS lobbying group in West Germany
Nasser (Egypt) Perón (Argentina) Videla (Argentina) Operation Paperclip (USA) list of scientists Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR) list of scientists Robert Leiber
Stille_Hilfe
Hans Erich (Eric) Hollmann (4 November 1899 – 19 November 1960) was a German electronic specialist who made several breakthroughs in the development of
Hans_Hollmann
German physician and general (1893–1970)
Germany. In 1951, Schreiber was taken to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. He arrived in New York on September 17, 1951, on the USNS General
Walter_Schreiber
Austrian war criminal (1912–2001/2010)
Nasser (Egypt) Perón (Argentina) Videla (Argentina) Operation Paperclip (USA) list of scientists Operation Osoaviakhim (USSR) list of scientists Robert Leiber
Alois_Brunner
Allied scientific intelligence operation during World War II
and transformed the postwar world. Norwegian heavy water sabotage Operation Paperclip Russian Alsos Jones 1985, p. ix. Jones 1985, pp. 73–77. Jones 1985
Alsos_Mission
German Army artillery officer
Centre. After the war, the US Nazi scientist recruitment programme Operation Paperclip saw him move to the US, largely avoiding punishment for involvement
Walter_Dornberger
Ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km
to the United States, to work directly for the U.S. Army through Operation Paperclip, developing the V-2 into the weapon for the United States.[citation
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
Intermediate-range_ballistic_missile
experimentation, discovering that a Nazi scientist who defected during Operation Paperclip has been conducting human experimentation to create alien-human hybrids
Mythology_of_The_X-Files
American judge
von Bolschwing who had been brought to the U.S. by the CIA under Operation Paperclip and appointed TCI's president by Getty due to his former Nazi intelligence
William_Newsom
aircraft salvageable parts. Operation Paperclip "A History of HMS REAPER". "Arrival: Operations at Newark". stormbirds.com. "Operation Seahorse: Final Preparations
Operation_Sea_Horse
United States to aid in American weapons development, as part of "Operation Paperclip." U.S. government records noted that he had regularly voiced opposition
Johannes_Plendl
German aeronautical engineer, a pioneer of aerodynamics
scientists, Lippisch was taken to the United States after the war under Operation Paperclip. He worked at the White Sands Missile Range. From 1950 to 1964, Lippisch
Alexander_Lippisch
Possible Nazi underground escape plan
Madrid in 1944. In 1946, this operation moved to the Presidential palace in Buenos Aires. Goñi states that the operation stretched from Scandinavia to
ODESSA
American aerospace engineer
United States and traveled there, providing rocketry expertise via Operation Paperclip, which took them first to Fort Bliss, Texas. Grau was sent by the
Dieter_Grau
Former military site near Frankfurt
BLUEBIRD (predecessor to MKUltra) under Sidney Gottlieb. As part of Operation Paperclip, Nazi doctor Kurt Blome, who participated in chemical and biological
Camp_King
Austrian chemist and inventor
alkaline battery. In 1953 he moved to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. Kordesch was born in Vienna. He studied chemistry and physics at
Karl_Kordesch
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
rockets and recruited von Braun and most of his engineering team in Operation Paperclip. The team was sent to the Army's White Sands Proving Ground in New
Space_Race
United States Army post since 1941
rocket scientists who were brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. The team first worked on ballistic missiles, starting with derivatives
Redstone_Arsenal
Post-World War II demilitarization plan for Germany
being put to work in the Soviet Union (Operation Osoaviakhim) and in the UK and US (see also Operation Paperclip). In 1949, West German Chancellor Konrad
Morgenthau_Plan
aerospace engineers List of Germans relocated to the US via the Operation Paperclip Lists of astronomical objects Lists of telescopes Lists of spacecraft
Lists_of_space_scientists
German materials scientist
German scientists to the Allies. This list was used for Operation Paperclip, also known as "Operation Overcast". This was intended to transfer German scientists
Werner_Osenberg
German rocket engineer (1906–1996)
Services (OSS) brought him to the U.S. as part of the clandestine Operation Paperclip, where he became one of the main developers of the U.S. space program
Arthur_Rudolph
WWII Allied prisoner-of-war camp in Luxembourg
German). Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2009-10-30. Jacobsen, Annie (2014). Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to
Camp_Ashcan
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
to Americans and were transported to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. Stalin made rocket and missile development a national priority upon
Sergei_Korolev
German crystallographer
1948 he had agreed to be taken to America by the U. S. Navy during Operation Paperclip, and began working with Julian Goldsmith at the University of Chicago
Fritz_Laves
Research spaceplane by Boeing
taken to the United States by the Office of Strategic Services's Operation Paperclip, bringing with them detailed knowledge of the Silbervogel project
Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar
Ukrainian guard at Nazi death camps (1920–2012)
camp at Trawniki, where he was trained to guard prisoners as part of Operation Reinhard. The principal allegation was that three former prisoners identified
John_Demjanjuk
German military officer (1916-1982)
in the anti-tank role. He took part in anti-tank operations against the Soviet Kerch–Eltigen Operation. Footage from an onboard gun camera was used in
Hans-Ulrich_Rudel
American short-range ballistic missile
been brought to the United States after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip. A product of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) at Redstone
PGM-11_Redstone
aerodynamicist during World War II. After the war, he was "invited" (Operation Paperclip) to emigrate to the United States, where he worked in aerodynamics
Sighard_F._Hoerner
German World War II cruise missile
aircraft of World War II List of missiles Mitsubishi Ki-147 Ohka Operation Paperclip RAE Larynx Republic-Ford JB-2 SCR-584 radar V-1 flying bomb facilities
V-1_flying_bomb
German-American aerospace engineer (1908-1998)
War II through the Apollo program. Rees was in the first group of Operation Paperclip rocket scientists brought to the United States by the Army Ordnance
Eberhard_Rees
German-American rocket pioneer (1912–2009)
brought to the United States with 117 other German specialists under Operation Paperclip to Fort Bliss, Texas. Most members of the group performed calculations
Konrad_Dannenberg
American bacteriologist (1910-1953)
worked with ex-Nazis who had been brought into the country through Operation Paperclip on the utilization of aerosolized anthrax. Olson was discharged from
Frank_Olson
Military unit
a major part of Operation LUSTY, as the Americans gained a wealth of knowledge about jet technology (similar to Operation Paperclip). Many JV-44 pilots
Jagdverband_44
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