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Field of nuclear engineering
self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear criticality safety is concerned with mitigating the consequences of a nuclear criticality accident. A nuclear criticality
Nuclear_criticality_safety
Smallest amount of fissile material needed to sustain a nuclear reaction
prompt critical configuration. This is known as an implosion type weapon. Criticality (status) Criticality accident Nuclear criticality safety Geometric
Critical_mass
Uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction
A criticality accident is an accidental uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction. It is sometimes referred to as a critical excursion, critical power
Criticality_accident
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up criticality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Criticality may refer to: Critical phenomena, the collective name associated with the physics of
Criticality
1958 nuclear accident at Los Alamos, New Mexico
States. It is one of 60 known criticality events that have occurred globally outside the controlled conditions of a nuclear reactor or test and the third
Cecil Kelley criticality accident
Cecil_Kelley_criticality_accident
1997 and 1999 Tōkai nuclear plant events
perceptions. There was no criticality accident alarm because the licensing board incorrectly concluded that a criticality accident could not happen at
Tokaimura_nuclear_accidents
Sustained nuclear fission achieved solely by prompt neutron emission
In nuclear engineering, prompt criticality is the criticality (the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining) that is achieved with prompt
Prompt_criticality
Nuclear reactor state where the nuclear chain reaction is exactly self-sustaining
1 in criticality, less than 1 in subcriticality, greater than 1 in supercriticality. Criticality is the normal operating condition of a nuclear reactor
Criticality_(status)
System whose failure would be serious
A safety-critical system or life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes: death
Safety-critical_system
Type of nuclear fission reactor
overpacks (containment structures) to avoid criticality accidents and guarantee nuclear criticality safety in a deep geological repository. This also contributes
Small_modular_reactor
Nuclear material pure enough to be used for nuclear weapons
Angela (2003). "Critical Mass Calculations for 241Am, 242mAm and 243Am" (PDF). Challenges in the Pursuit of Global Nuclear Criticality Safety. Proceedings
Weapons-grade nuclear material
Weapons-grade_nuclear_material
Software package for simulating nuclear processes
shielding, radiography, medical physics, nuclear criticality safety, detector design and analysis, nuclear oil well logging, accelerator target design
Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code
Monte_Carlo_N-Particle_Transport_Code
Scale to enable communication of safety information in nuclear accidents
military nuclear incident terminology Lists of nuclear reactors Nuclear safety and security Criticality accident List of hydroelectric power station failures
International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale
International_Nuclear_and_Radiological_Event_Scale
Nuclear power safety method that does not require electrical power nor intervention
Passive nuclear safety is a design approach for safety features, implemented in a nuclear reactor, that does not require any active intervention on the
Passive_nuclear_safety
nuclear power International Nuclear Events Scale Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents Nuclear close calls Nuclear criticality safety Nuclear
Vulnerability of nuclear facilities to attack
Vulnerability_of_nuclear_facilities_to_attack
Applied science
List of nuclear reactors List of nuclear power stations Nuclear energy policy Nuclear fuel Nuclear criticality safety Nuclear material Nuclear physics
Nuclear_engineering
Regulations for uses of radioactive materials
"nuclear site islanding". Design basis accident Nuclear criticality safety Passive nuclear safety Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents Nuclear power
Nuclear_safety_and_security
Severe events involving radioactive materials
related cancers. August 1945: Criticality accident at US Los Alamos National Laboratory. Harry Daghlian dies. May 1946: Criticality accident at Los Alamos National
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
American nuclear physicist (1909–2003)
– December 25, 2003) was an American nuclear physicist and a pioneer in the field of nuclear criticality safety. A doctoral student of Nobel laureate
Hugh_C._Paxton
Transgender rights activists and physicist (1959 – 2014)
several International Conferences on Nuclear Criticality Safety (e.g. International Conference on Nuclear Criticality Safety (ICNC) 1991 - UK, ICNC 2003 - Japan
Angela_Clayton
Very small nuclear reactor of 1-20 MW capacity
Advanced Reactor Criticality". Department of Energy. 2026-07-01. Retrieved 2026-07-16. "Deployable Energy achieves criticality at INL". Nuclear Newswire. 2026-07-01
Nuclear_microreactor
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
On 11 March 2011, a major nuclear accident started at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan. The direct cause was the Tōhoku
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
which can be arbitrarily long without ever reaching criticality. Another method of reducing criticality risk is to incorporate material with a large cross-section
Nuclear_weapon_design
Reactor accident due to core overheating
of coolant pressure, or low coolant flow rate, or be the result of a criticality excursion in which the reactor's power level exceeds its design limits
Nuclear_meltdown
site of a nuclear power plant. Primarily civilian: the nuclear operation/material must be principally for non-military purposes. Criticality accident International
List of civilian nuclear accidents
List_of_civilian_nuclear_accidents
Field of physics dealing with nuclear reactors
withdrawn and criticality is approached the number increases because the absorption of neutrons is being progressively reduced, until at criticality the chain
Nuclear_reactor_physics
Radioactive isotope of Americium
2003). Critical mass calculations for 241Am, 242mAm and 243Am. Proceedings of the seventh international conference on nuclear criticality safety. Japan
Americium-241
Engineering discipline
Effects Summary. When combined with criticality analysis, FMEA is known as Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis or FMECA. Fault tree analysis
Safety_engineering
The Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) is a TRIGA design nuclear research reactor operated by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. First criticality: June
Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
Nuclear_Safety_Research_Reactor
Nuclear power station in South Korea
achieved first criticality on 22 May 2022, 11 am local time with electricity generation expected to start in June 2022. Unit 2 achieved criticality on 6 December
Hanul_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant located in Slovakia
reactor criticality was reached on 22 October 2022. The third reactor was operational as of October 2023. When all four units are operational, nuclear power
Mochovce_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Chemical element with atomic number 99 (Es)
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, "Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport" Archived 2016-03-06
Einsteinium
1945–1946 sphere of plutonium
core was intended for use in the Operation Crossroads nuclear tests, but after the second criticality accident, time was needed for its radioactivity to
Demon_core
State of being protected from danger
plants Nuclear safety and security – Regulations for uses of radioactive materials Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents Criticality accident –
Safety
Two thirds of these mishaps occurred in the US. The nuclear power industry has improved the safety and performance of reactors, and has proposed new safer
List of nuclear power accidents by country
List_of_nuclear_power_accidents_by_country
Nuclear power plant in Romania
"World Nuclear News: Key Cernavoda 3 and 4 engineering contract signed". 15 November 2024. "Cernavoda 2 achieves initial criticality". World Nuclear News
Cernavodă_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Factor critical to the operation of an organization
"What is a nuclear reactor?". What is nuclear?. "Nuclear Power Plant Safety Systems". www.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca. "The new scope of mission-critical computing"
Mission_critical
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
supercritical increase in power but a runaway prompt criticality, similar to the explosion of a fizzled nuclear weapon. Their evidence came from Cherepovets,
Chernobyl_disaster
Chemical element with atomic number 95 (Am)
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, "Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport", p. 16. Ronen, Y.;
Americium
Nuclear power plant in India
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest nuclear power station in India, situated in Kudankulam in the Tirunelveli district
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Kudankulam_Nuclear_Power_Plant
US safety regulations for nuclear power and weapons
Nuclear safety in the United States is governed by federal regulations issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear
Nuclear safety in the United States
Nuclear_safety_in_the_United_States
G. "Criticality Accidents". Trinity Atomic Web Site. Retrieved 2007-06-17. Rivezzo, Charles V. "Air Force concludes clean up at old B-47 nuclear bomb
List of military nuclear accidents
List_of_military_nuclear_accidents
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
maintain criticality, is known as the prompt critical point. There is a scale for describing criticality in numerical form in which bare criticality is known
Nuclear_reactor
Nuclear power plant located in Waterford, Connecticut
The plant has had numerous safety-related shutdowns and at times been placed on enhanced examination status by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. In 1999
Millstone_Nuclear_Power_Plant
maximum credible accident. Subtypes of DBEs are: design-basis criticality: "A criticality accident that is the most severe design-basis accident of that
Design-basis_event
Disabled nuclear power plant in Japan
"Plant's Design, Safety Record Are Under Scrutiny". The Wall Street Journal. Ikuko Kao, Japan's TEPCO admits 1978 nuclear criticality, Reuters, March 22
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Overview of the nuclear power plant refuelling floor and its operations
replacement, and management of nuclear fuel assemblies during scheduled refuelling outages. This area is critical to reactor safety and efficiency, as it enables
Refueling_floor
Chemical element with atomic number 94 (Pu)
p. 339 Crooks, William J. (2002). "Nuclear Criticality Safety Engineering Training Module 10 – Criticality Safety in Material Processing Operations, Part
Plutonium
US Government agency for nuclear regulation & radiation safety
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is an agency of the United States government tasked with protecting public health and safety related to nuclear energy
Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission
Nuclear Reactor and Power Plant Accidents that have occurred in the past years
reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy
Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States
Nuclear_reactor_accidents_in_the_United_States
Chemical element with atomic number 98 (Cf)
(17): 259. doi:10.2307/3943043. JSTOR 3943043. "Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport" (PDF). Institut de
Californium
Core of a nuclear implosion weapon
In nuclear weapon design, the pit is the core of an implosion nuclear weapon, consisting of fissile material and any neutron reflector or tamper bonded
Pit_(nuclear_weapon)
113Cd is eight quadrillion years. Final Report, Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport (PDF) (Report). Republic
Isotopes_of_neptunium
Nuclear power plant in Eurajoki, Finland
achieved its initial criticality in July 1978 and it started commercial operations in October 1979. Unit 2 achieved its initial criticality in October 1979
Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear power plant in Karachi, Pakistan
Karachi Nuclear Power Complex, the power generation site is composed of three commercial nuclear power plants. The K-1 commenced its criticality operations
Karachi_Nuclear_Power_Complex
Nuclear power plant in Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan
reached initial criticality on August 23, 1963, and the second unit received its construction permit on September 26, 1972. It reached criticality (head on)
Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station
Enrico_Fermi_Nuclear_Generating_Station
Hardware and software controls used on critical process systems
when unacceptable or dangerous conditions occur. Because of its criticality, safety instrumented systems must be independent from all other control systems
Safety_instrumented_system
U.S.-based nonprofit organization
Science & Technology Mathematics & Computation Nuclear Criticality Safety Nuclear Installations Safety Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy Operations & Power
American_Nuclear_Society
Type of nuclear reactor that uses normal water
Manhattan Project, to build a nuclear explosive. In May 1944, the first grams of enriched uranium ever produced reached criticality in the low power (LOPO)
Light-water_reactor
initial criticality". Georgia Power. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023. "Nuclear explained: U.S. nuclear industry"
Nuclear power in the United States
Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States
Mochovce 3 completed". "First criticality achieved for Mochovce 4". "Krško gets an overhaul : Corporate – World Nuclear News". "Drugi blok NE Krško prve
List of commercial nuclear reactors
List_of_commercial_nuclear_reactors
Nuclear safety systems in the USA
The three primary objectives of nuclear reactor safety systems as defined by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission are to shut down the reactor, maintain
Nuclear_reactor_safety_system
Indian fast breeder nuclear reactor design
reactor achieved first criticality on 6 April 2026. A few lower power physics experiments will be carried out once sustained nuclear chain reaction is achieved
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor
Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor
New nuclear reactor technologies under development
Save Nuclear Power?". Scientific American. "China's HTR-PM reactor achieves first criticality: New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news
Generation_IV_reactor
Wildfire in New Mexico, United States
involved the Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF), a remote site for conducting research in nuclear criticality safety that housed substantial
Cerro_Grande_Fire
Canadian heavy water nuclear reactor design
the small amount of 235U in natural uranium, preventing criticality. In order to allow criticality, the fuel must be enriched, increasing the amount of 235U
CANDU_reactor
Closed nuclear power plant in Japan
Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant, Fukui Prefecture. Its name is a reference to Manjusri. Construction started in 1986 and the reactor achieved criticality for
Monju_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Fast-neutron nuclear reactor cooled by molten lead
technical and safety challenges in order to prevent any criticality accident during handling in the factory. In 2009, under the auspices of the Nuclear Energy
Lead-cooled_fast_reactor
Engineering discipline for safety-related systems
criticality and propose techniques and measures that should be employed during the development and assurance: Software for generic electronic safety-related
Software_safety
Mochovce 3 completed". "First criticality achieved for Mochovce 4". "Krško gets an overhaul : Corporate – World Nuclear News". "Drugi blok NE Krško prve
Nuclear power reactors in Europe
Nuclear_power_reactors_in_Europe
successful criticality and graphite moderator choice of Chicago Pile-1 eight months prior. On November 4, the X-10 Graphite Reactor achieves criticality at Oak
Timeline_of_nuclear_power
American physicist (1921–1945)
performing criticality tests on the same plutonium core. After these two incidents it became known as the "demon core", and all similar criticality experiments
Harry_Daghlian
Nuclear power plant in Smolensk Oblast, Russia
RBMK-1000 reactors of Smolensk NPP were commissioned in 1982-1990 (First Criticality for each unit Unit 1: 10 September 1982; Unit 2: 9 April 1985; Unit 3:
Smolensk_Nuclear_Power_Plant
achieves initial criticality Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine "Draft agreement finalized for Romanian reactors". World Nuclear News. 2008-03-07
Nuclear_power_in_Romania
List of civilian nuclear accidents List of civilian radiation accidents List of crimes involving radioactive substances List of criticality accidents and
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents
May 21, 1946 – Louis Slotin died. December 30, 1958 – Cecil Kelley criticality accident, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1961 – (US Army) SL-1
List of nuclear and radiation fatalities by country
List_of_nuclear_and_radiation_fatalities_by_country
Emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor
switch – Safety mechanism to quickly shut down a system Nuclear reactor – Device for controlled nuclear reactions Nuclear reactor safety system – Nuclear safety
Scram
Crash of US Air Force bomber with nuclear warheads
from occurring. One of its nuclear bombs was judged by nuclear weapons engineers at the time to have been only one safety switch away from detonation
1961_Goldsboro_B-52_crash
Power generated from nuclear reactions
first human-made nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1 under the Stagg Field stadium at the University of Chicago, which achieved criticality on December 2
Nuclear_power
U.S. defense contractor joint venture
contract cancellation were repeated failures to meet safety and security standards, with criticality safety and cyber security, being particular concerns. Oak
Consolidated_Nuclear_Security
Nuclear power plant in Fujian Province, China
achieved criticality in December 2021, was connected to the grid in January 2022, and began commercial operation on 25 March 2022. The Fuqing Nuclear Power
Fuqing_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Canadian physicist and chemist (1910–1946)
consisted of dangerous criticality testing, first with uranium in Otto Robert Frisch's experiments, and later with plutonium cores. Criticality testing involved
Louis_Slotin
Nuclear power plant in Niigata Prefecture, Japan
units were shut down to carry out safety improvements. TEPCO regained permission to restart units 6 and 7 from the Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) in 2017
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Chemical element with atomic number 96 (Cm)
de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire: "Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety. data and limits for actinides in transport" Archived May 19, 2011
Curium
Nuclear power plant in Matagorda County, Texas
1 reached initial criticality on March 8, 1988, and went into commercial operation on August 25. Unit 2 reached initial criticality on March 12, 1989
South Texas Nuclear Generating Station
South_Texas_Nuclear_Generating_Station
Nuclear power station in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
is the country's first nuclear power plant, and the first of the two units is expected to become operational in 2026. Safety review by the IAEA was successfully
Rooppur_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Condition of nuclear fission reactors
power critical is a condition of nuclear fission reactors that is useful for characterizing the reactor core. A reactor is in the zero power critical state
Zero_power_critical
Study, prevention, and management of major hazardous material accidents in process plants
industries, notably nuclear power, follow an approach very similar to process safety's, which is usually referred to as system safety. In the early chemical
Process_safety
Chemical element with atomic number 90 (Th)
on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2018. "Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport" (PDF). Institut de
Thorium
How nuclear fuel behaves during a reactor accident
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI). Both the fuel and the cladding can swell during
Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident
Behavior_of_nuclear_fuel_during_a_reactor_accident
Nuclear power plant located in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China
China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) started construction of units 5 and 6 (respectively). In 2017, unit 3 achieved criticality, and both units
Tianwan_Nuclear_Power_Plant
One-thousandth of a percent
rho. Reactivity is a dimensionless unit representing a departure from criticality, calculated by: ρ = ( k eff − 1 ) / k eff {\displaystyle \rho
Per_cent_mille
Nuclear power plant in Ottawa County, Ohio, United States
Davis–Besse has been the site of several safety incidents that affected the plant's operation. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Davis–Besse
Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station
Davis–Besse_Nuclear_Power_Station
Nuclear power plant in Liaoning, China
criticality on 5 March 2016, was connected to the grid on 1 April 2016, and entered commercial operation on 20 September 2016. The Hongyanhe Nuclear Power
Hongyanhe_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Third-generation pressurised water nuclear reactor design
Worldwide - World Nuclear Association". World-nuclear.org. Retrieved 24 July 2026. "Europe's first EPR reaches criticality". World Nuclear News. 21 December
EPR_(nuclear_reactor)
parliament for nuclear output of up to 29% of generation capacity by 2035, following several scandals related to falsification of safety documentation
Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea
Fission-based nuclear weapon
Gun-type fission weapons are fission-based nuclear weapons whose design assembles their fissile material into a supercritical mass by the use of the "gun"
Gun-type_fission_weapon
Proposed uses of generating power from nuclear fission and fusion
being able to maintain criticality. This burned-up fuel has to be removed and replaced with fresh fuel. The result is nuclear waste that is highly radioactive
Nuclear_fusion–fission_hybrid
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
Accidental exposure may be the result of a criticality or radiotherapy accident. There have been numerous criticality accidents dating back to atomic testing
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Nuclear power plant located in New Hill, North Carolina
9B, including safety upgrades mandated after the Three Mile Island accident. On November 16, 2006, the operator applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant
Shearon_Harris_Nuclear_Power_Plant
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NUCLEAR CRITICALITY-SAFETY
NUCLEAR CRITICALITY-SAFETY
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