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Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope
The NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) is one of the four scientific instruments flown on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The JWST is the follow-on
NIRSpec
Poorly understood class of astronomical objects
"RUBIES: A complete census of the bright and red distant Universe with JWST/NIRSpec". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 697: A189. arXiv:2409.05948. Bibcode:2025A&A
Little_Red_Dots
Brown dwarf in the constellation Hydra
the hydrological cycle in the atmosphere of WISE 0855 with NIRSpec. Observations with NIRSpec detected methane (CH4), water vapour (H2O), ammonia (NH3)
WISE_0855−0714
NASA/ESA/CSA space infrared telescope launched in 2021
with Pierre Ferruit (École normale supérieure de Lyon) as NIRSpec project scientist. The NIRSpec design provides three observing modes: a low-resolution
James_Webb_Space_Telescope
Bingjie; et al. (2023-11-13). "UNCOVER: Illuminating the Early Universe—JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of z > 12 Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 957
List of the most distant astronomical objects
List_of_the_most_distant_astronomical_objects
Star in the Sunburst galaxy
the brightest in the universe at about 50 million L☉. However, 2023 JWST/NIRSpec observations revealed that the Hα emission line is not as broad as would
Godzilla_(star)
High-redshift galaxy in Sculptor constellation
Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project
UNCOVER-z13
Lyman-Break galaxy that is one of the oldest known galaxies
observed using the James Webb Space Telescope's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) in 2024, and it measured a redshift of 14.32. Its age, size, and luminosity
JADES-GS-z14-0
Seventh planet from the Sun
(23 October 2023). "Detection of the infrared aurora at Uranus with Keck-NIRSPEC". Nature Astronomy. 7 (12): 1473–1480. arXiv:2311.06172. Bibcode:2023NatAs
Uranus
Sub-Neptune orbiting the red dwarf K2-18
"Investigating aerosols as a way to reconcile K2-18 b JWST MIRI and NIRISS/NIRSpec observations". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 702: L20. arXiv:2509.13932. Bibcode:2025A&A
K2-18b
High-redshift Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known
Survey (JADES) on 29 September 2022. Spectroscopic observations by JWST's NIRSpec instrument in October 2022 confirmed the galaxy's redshift of z = 13.2
JADES-GS-z13-0
Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sculptor
Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project
UNCOVER-z12
Most massive dwarf planet
J. I.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; De Souza Feliciano, A. C. (June 2023). JWST NIRSpec Spectrum of Eris: Methane, Deuterated Methane, and Nitrogen. Asteroids
Eris_(dwarf_planet)
Ultra-short period exoplanet orbiting TOI-561
Highly Reflective Atmosphere on the Lava World TOI-561b Revealed by JWST/NIRSpec Phase Curve". The Astronomical Journal. 172 (4): 239. arXiv:2608.21519
TOI-561_b
Distant brown dwarf
galaxies. As the name says, the UNCOVER team used NIRCam to take images and NIRSpec multiobject prism spectroscopy to take spectra of any object detected in
UNCOVER-BD-1
Compact extragalactic object
RUBIES-UDS-154183 NIRSpec/PRISM spectrum of The Cliff. The orange points show NIRCam and MIRI photometry. Object type Little red dot Other designations
The Cliff (astronomical object)
The_Cliff_(astronomical_object)
First operational image from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope
appear redder than they actually are. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of four instruments used on JWST, offering the flexibility to observe
Webb's_First_Deep_Field
Solar system objects beyond Neptune
Space Telescope (JWST), and in particular its high sensitivity with the NIRSpec instrument in the 0.7–5.3 μm range, have led to a new spectral classification
Trans-Neptunian_object
James Webb near-infrared survey
UNCOVER, or Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization, was a general observer survey program on the James Webb Space
UNCOVER
Red dwarf in the constellation Leo
measurements of the star in 2011 using the Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSPEC) instrument at the Keck II observatory did not reveal any variations that
Wolf_359
Substellar object
G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Tremblin, P. (13 Oct 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Nebula Cluster". The Astrophysical
Brown_dwarf
Planet outside of the Solar System
Highly Reflective Atmosphere on the Lava World TOI-561b Revealed by JWST/NIRSpec Phase Curve". The Astronomical Journal. 172 (4): 239. arXiv:2608.21519
Exoplanet
Extrasolar planet
transit information. On August 31, 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRSpec instrument captured the exoplanet with just two transit observations and
LHS_475_b
Interstellar comet in 2025
6 August 2025, JWST made its first observations of 3I/ATLAS using its NIRSpec instrument, and results were announced by NASA on 25 August 2025. In November
3I/ATLAS
Extremely distant galaxy in constellation Boötes
through photometric analysis and later confirmed spectroscopically by NIRSpec. The CEERS team found several bright candidates, including CEERS2-588,
CEERS2-588
Strongly lensed Type II-P supernova in the constellation Sagittarius
distorted and amplified the supernova's light by approximately 30 times. The NIRSpec instrument detected characteristic absorption lines, and archival data
SN_Eos
Red dwarf star in the constellation Volans
Sulfur-rich Atmosphere around the 1.6 R ⊕ Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRspec G395H Transmission Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 975
L_98-59
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
dioxide within Tara Regio, a geologically recently resurfaced terrain. JWST NIRSpec observations show that the northern hemisphere show crystalline water ice
Europa_(moon)
Extreme trans-Neptunian object
using an assumed albedo of 0.124. A paper by Holler and colleagues using NIRSpec IFU on the James Webb Space Telescope reported that 2013 RA109 has a "bowl"
(765047)_2013_RA109
Dim, low mass stars on the main sequence
and HH 30. These show jets and more recently disk winds in NIRCam and NIRSpec observations. The disk wind is an important part in removal of mass from
Red_dwarf
Planet smaller than Neptune with a low density envelope
Batalha, Natasha E.; Alderson, Lili; et al. (2024-08-01). "JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec/G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Sub-Neptune TOI-836c". The Astronomical
Sub-Neptune
Red dwarf star in the constellation Octans
initially found in transit data from TESS, and its confirmation using the NIRSpec instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope, which also observed its transmission
LHS_475
Binary systems of planetary-mass objects
that are too faint for useful photometry. Another work by Luhman used NIRSpec spectroscopy, showing that for 7 JuMBOs (number 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14, 18)
Jupiter-mass_binary_object
High-redshift galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major
2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016. Bunker, Andrew J.; et al. (2023). "JADES NIRSpec Spectroscopy of GN-z11: Lyman- α emission and possible enhanced nitrogen
GN-z11
Instrument to measure the properties of visible light
James Webb Space Telescope contains both a near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) and a mid-infrared spectrograph (MIRI). An echelle-based spectrograph
Optical_spectrometer
Planetary-mass object in the constellation Pisces
abundance decreases at the temperature inversion. Observations with JWST/NIRSpec and NIRISS were used to find a transition of methane absorption to methane
SIMP_J013656.5+093347
High-redshift galaxy in the constellation Sextans
Mawatari, Ken; Fudamoto, Yoshinobu; Ren, Yi W (11 November 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies at z ~ 3-4". Monthly
HD1
Binary brown dwarf system in the constellation Vela
hours with MIRI LRS and directly followed by an 7 hour observation with NIRSpec. The observations found water vapor, carbon monoxide and methane absorption
Luhman_16
Exoplanet in constellation of Virgo
et al. (2023), "Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM", Nature, 614 (7949): 659–663, arXiv:2211.10487, Bibcode:2023Natur
WASP-39b
Galaxy
Stars, 25 September 2024, science.nasa.gov Galaxy GS-NDG-9422 Spectrum (NIRSpec), jameswebbtracker.com 'That's weird': James Webb Space Telescope spies
GS-NDG-9422
Galaxy in the constellation Fornax
the galaxy was observed with the JWST camera NIRCam and spectrograph NIRSpec/MSA as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), which
JADES-GS-z7-01-QU
High red-shift structure in the constellation Fornax
later spectroscopic observations by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRSpec instrument in 2022 confirmed the galaxy's high redshift to a spectroscopically
UDFj-39546284
Brown dwarf in the constellation Camelopardalis
a mass of 17±5 jupiter mass. A 2024 study observed it with JWST, using NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy, which concluded a mass of either 1.9 or 11.2 MJ
WISE_J1206+8401
Earth-size exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1
four observations of TRAPPIST-1e using the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRSpec instrument, researchers were unable to find conclusive evidence for or
TRAPPIST-1e
Protoplanetary disk in the Taurus molecular cloud
emission. One knot was seen moving with around 121 km/s. The jet is seen with NIRSpec in ionized iron with a tight semi-opening angle of 1.4°±0.9°. A CO outflow
HH_30
Moon of Saturn
body. The James Webb Space Telescope took the spectrum of Albiorix with NIRSpec, detecting a 3.0 micron absorption feature associated with hydrated minerals
Albiorix_(moon)
Astronomical objects of planetary size that did not form in orbit around a star
; Lützgendorf, N.; Rauscher, B. J.; Sirianni, M. (1 June 2023). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B". The Astrophysical
Sub-brown_dwarf
habitable. TRAPPIST-1 d was considered to be potentially habitable until JWST/NIRSpec data found little evidence for an atmosphere with Earth-like surface pressure
List of potentially habitable exoplanets
List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets
Trans-Neptunian dwarf planet
Grundy, William M.; Stansberry, John A.; et al. (December 2025). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Salacia-Actaea and Máni: Exploring Population-level Trends
Orcus_(dwarf_planet)
R.; Teske, Johanna; Scarsdale, Nicholas (2025-07-09). "JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth GJ 357 b". The Astronomical
List of terrestrial exoplanet candidates for atmosphere detection
List_of_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates_for_atmosphere_detection
Daniel; Hjorth, Jens (November 2023). "Little Red Dots or Brown Dwarfs? NIRSpec Discovery of Three Distant Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as NIRCam-selected
List_of_exoplanet_extremes
American astronomer
Principal Optical Designer for the Near Infrared Echelle Spectrograph (NIRSpec) for the Keck II Telescope while at UCLA. He and his team used this instrument
Donald_Figer
Zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere
1051/0004-6361/201935460. S2CID 189999121. Tanner, Angelle; et al. (November 2012). "Keck NIRSPEC Radial Velocity Observations of Late-M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal
Aries_(constellation)
Research institute
echelle SPECtrograph (NIRSPEC). KOA first released archived HIRES data on August 18, 2004 and the data extend back to 1994. The NIRSPEC data were first released
NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
NASA_Exoplanet_Science_Institute
Possible free-floating planet
proposal includes it in its proposed spectroscopic observations with both NIRSpec and MIRI. List of Y-dwarfs CWISE J1055+5443 another Y-dwarf discovered
WISE_J0830+2837
Extremely distant galaxy in constellation Boötes
CEERS teams followed up their high-redshift candidates with observatory's NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument to measure precise, spectroscopic
Maisie's_Galaxy
Background galaxy containing a quasar
(2023-09-01). "UNCOVER: The Growth of the First Massive Black Holes from JWST/NIRSpec-Spectroscopic Redshift Confirmation of an X-Ray Luminous AGN at z = 10
UHZ1
Planetary-mass object orbiting the brown dwarf 2M1207
heat generated by a recent collision. JWST observations of 2M1207B with NIRSpec did not detect any methane (CH4) and only weak carbon monoxide (CO) in
2M1207b
Type of starburst galaxy
ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy" (diagram top right) examines 27 galaxies at high redshifts that were observed with JWST/NIRSpec. The study measured
Blueberry_galaxy
Near-Earth asteroid
lunar materials indicate that it is likely lunar ejecta. In 2026, JWST’s NIRSpec instrument and new LBT observations revealed a spectrum that is notably
469219_Kamoʻoalewa
Small galaxy composed of up to several billion stars
Black Hole in a Diminutive Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy Discovered with JWST/NIRSpec+IFU". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 991 (1): L24. arXiv:2503.00113
Dwarf_galaxy
Relative abundance of heavy elements in a star or other astronomical object
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) has enabled the measurement of spectroscopic metallicity at redshifts
Metallicity
Scientific research institute
scientists were instrumental in the construction of three instruments (NIRSpec, MIRI and NIRISS) for the project, and will be involved in the analysis
Niels_Bohr_Institute
NASA research facility in Maryland
Instrument (MIRI); Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam); Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec); Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph
Goddard_Space_Flight_Center
Fourth-largest asteroid
Quantitative Compositional Analysis of Ceres, Pallas, and Hygiea Using JWST/NIRSpec". The Planetary Science Journal. 6 (1): 9. Bibcode:2025PSJ.....6....9R
10_Hygiea
Star in the constellation Reticulum
energy distribution measured by JWST. This includes a spectrum taken by NIRSpec and MIRI LRS at 1 to 12 μm, as well as MIRI photometry at 15, 18 and 21
WISE_0359−5401
High-redshift galaxy in the constellation Fornax
Lyman-Break galaxy in the constellation Fornax that was observed with the NIRSpec instrument of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) between 10 and 12 January
JADES-GS-z13-1
Astronomical observatory in Hawaii
provides simultaneous coverage of wavelengths from 0.94 to 2.45 microns. NIRSPEC The Near Infrared Spectrometer studies very high redshift radio galaxies
W._M._Keck_Observatory
List of largest planets by size
G.; Lützgendorf, N.; Rauscher, B. J.; Sirianni, M. (2023-06-01). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B*". The Astrophysical
List_of_largest_exoplanets
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius
Tony; van der Marel, Roeland P. (10 September 2025). "JWST-TST DREAMS: NIRSpec/PRISM Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Planet TRAPPIST-1
TRAPPIST-1
Brown dwarf in the constellation Ursa Major
a spectral type of Y0. Follow-up observations with JWST spectroscopy (NIRSpec and MIRI) showed that it had a spectral type of Y1. The observations showed
CWISEP_J1047+5457
Large plutino
Grundy, William M.; Stansberry, John A.; et al. (December 2025). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Salacia-Actaea and Máni: Exploring Population-level Trends
208996_Achlys
Sub-brown dwarf or exoplanet
incorrect retrieved mass. Additional data was taken with the NIRCam and NIRSpec instruments of JWST, and published in 2026. The study found that vertical
WD_0806−661_B
One of the farthest known galaxies from the Earth in the constellation Camelopardalis
be needed to accurately confirm the redshift of MACS0647-JD. NIRCam and NIRSpec observations of MACS0647-JD were performed in 2023 by the James Webb space
MACS0647-JD
Method in astronomy
from 1997 to 1999 and from 2002 to 2008. The James Webb Space Telescope's NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument is a multi-object spectrometer
Multi-Object_Spectrometer
Possible dwarf planet
at the surface on 31 August 2023 using the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope. Observed under Guaranteed Time Observations
120347_Salacia
Exoplanet orbiting the star Gliese 504
published the first spectral observations of Gliese 504 b, made using the NIRSpec instrument aboard the James Webb Space Telescope, showing an unusual metal-rich
Gliese_504_b
Part of the James Webb Space Telescope
instruments: Near-Infrared Camera, or NIRCam Near-Infrared Spectrograph, or NIRSpec. Mid-Infrared Instrument, or MIRI Fine Guidance Sensor/ Near InfraRed Imager
Integrated Science Instrument Module
Integrated_Science_Instrument_Module
Remains of a galaxy merger in the Milky Way
Zhang, Zenghua (2026-09-23), Metal-poor Brown Dwarf Kinematics from JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy, arXiv:2609.28746, retrieved 2026-09-25 Meisner, Aaron M.;
Gaia_Sausage
Planets found orbiting pulsars
explain why the planet has survived to this day. Observations with JWST NIRSpec found a windy (westwards) atmosphere rich in molecular carbon (C3, C2)
Pulsar_planet
Rogue planet or brown dwarf in the constellation Lyra
(sub-)brown dwarf and not a free-floating planet. Another team used the NIRSpec instrument on JWST and detected water vapor, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide
WISE_1828+2650
Ramachandran, V.; Sabbi, E.; Sander, A. A. C. (10 May 2025). "First JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy of O Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud". The Astrophysical
List_of_most_massive_stars
Brown dwarf in the constellation Pegasus
Cushing et al. WISE J2209+2711 is one of a few Y-dwarfs observed with the NIRSpec and MIRI instruments aboard the James Webb Space Telescope. The modelling
WISE_J2209+2711
Brown dwarf in the constellation Libra
J1446−2317 with JWST were published. These observations were carried out with NIRSpec and MIRI spectroscopy. These observations established this object to have
CWISEP_J1446−2317
Classical Kuiper belt object
near-infrared spectrum of Ritona, as seen by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRSpec instrument. Absorption signatures of chemical compounds are highlighted
145452_Ritona
Reflection nebula in the constellation Perseus
Jupiter. JWST has discovered new PMOs down to 2 MJ. Spectroscopy with NIRSpec has shown that the brightest PMOs resemble L dwarfs. The faintest and lowest
IC_348
installed in ISIM. March 2014: NIRCam installed in ISIM 24–25 March 2014: NIRSpec integrated into ISIM. June 2014: first combined test of all four instruments
Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope
Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope
Science operations center operated by NASA
Imaging Active-Undergoing Calibration JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) Near-IR Spectroscopy Active-Undergoing Calibration JWST MIRI (Mid-Infrared
Space Telescope Science Institute
Space_Telescope_Science_Institute
Former aerospace manufacturer
Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Solar Orbiter Ulysses Venus Express XMM-Newton NIRSpec European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) Galileo Astrium
Astrium
Classical Kuiper belt object
Grundy, William M.; Stansberry, John A.; et al. (December 2025). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Salacia-Actaea and Máni: Exploring Population-level Trends
307261_Máni
Brown dwarf in the constellation Centaurus
inferred from emission lines of hydrogen and helium in medium-resolution NIRSpec data. Surprisingly 2M1207b does not show absorption due to methane, which
2M1207
Galaxy cluster in the constellation Volans
archive.stsci.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2022. "Webb's First Deep Field (NIRSpec MSA Emission Spectra)". WebbTelescope.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022. Repp
SMACS_0723
Red dwarf star in the constellation Aries
Bibcode:2003tmc..book.....C Tanner, Angelle; et al. (November 2012), "Keck NIRSPEC Radial Velocity Observations of Late-M Dwarfs", The Astrophysical Journal
Teegarden's_Star
Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known
observed again in October 2023 by the James Webb Space Telescope with the NIRSpec and MIRI spectrographs, making it the most distant redshift galaxy of z
GHZ2
Accumulation of matter around a planet
to have a circumplanetary disk in the past. New observations from JWST/NIRSpec were able to confirm accretion from an unseen disk by detecting emission
Circumplanetary_disk
Protoplanetary disk in Taurus
ionized neon, iron, nickel, argon and sulfur. The jet was also observed with NIRSpec in ionized iron emission. The researchers measured a semi-opening angle
2MASS_J04202144+2813491
Star in the constellation Lepus
velocity changes between two epochs were detected in Gliese 229B with Keck NIRSPEC. This team independently discovered the binarity of Gliese 229B. The brown
Gliese_229
American astrophysicist
In collaboration with Livia Origlia from 2002 to 2018, Rich used the NIRSpec infrared spectrograph on Keck II to obtain high resolution spectra of stars
R._Michael_Rich
Variable star in the constellation Lepus
on the other hand confirmed the detection of CH4. Observation with JWST NIRSpec did detect CO2, H2S, CH4, CO (including 12CO and 13CO) and H2O. These observations
AF_Leporis
Binary brown dwarf star in the constellation Andromeda
estimate masses of 7–15 MJ and 6–14 MJ. The binary was observed with JWST NIRSpec and MIRI. The unresolved spectrum shows strong absorption due to ammonia
WISE_0146+4234
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