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Political ideology
deontological libertarianism, libertarian moralism, natural rights-based libertarianism, philosophical libertarianism or rights-theorist libertarianism. Bradford
Natural-rights_libertarianism
Philosophical and political rights
Some philosophers distinguish two types of rights, natural rights and legal rights. Natural rights are those that are not dependent on the laws or customs
Natural rights and legal rights
Natural_rights_and_legal_rights
Political ideology
Left-libertarianism Natural rights libertarianism Night-watchman state Optimal tax Outline of libertarianism Pragmatism Public choice Right-libertarianism
Consequentialist libertarianism
Consequentialist_libertarianism
Issues of the political philosophy
of libertarianism, based on ethical doctrines: consequentialist libertarianism and natural-rights libertarianism, or deontological libertarianism. Deontological
Debates_within_libertarianism
Political philosophy
Left-libertarianism, also known as left-wing libertarianism, is a political philosophy and type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom
Left-libertarianism
Political philosophy
that supports capitalist property rights and market distribution of natural resources. The term right-libertarianism is used to distinguish this class
Right-libertarianism
Strain of political thought
inherently wrong. Libertarianism portal Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Libertarianism in the United States Liberty Left-libertarianism Right-libertarianism
Civil_libertarianism
Political philosophy based on liberty
Libertarianism (from French: libertaire, lit. 'libertarian'; or from Latin: libertas, lit. 'freedom') is a political philosophy that holds liberty and
Libertarianism
Synthesis of Christian beliefs with libertarian thought
human nature, and God-given inalienable rights. As with some other forms of libertarianism, Christian libertarianism holds that what is prohibited by law
Christian_libertarianism
Political ideology with mixed green and libertarian beliefs
Green libertarianism is a form of green politics. Alternately, it is a form of libertarianism in which the free market provides environmentally beneficial
Green_libertarianism
Political ideology and economic theory
of the words "libertarian" and "libertarianism". It has therefore now become necessary to distinguish between their right libertarianism and the left libertarianism
Anarcho-capitalism
In the United States, libertarianism is a political philosophy promoting individual liberty. Libertarianism has been described as laissez-faire on economic
Libertarianism in the United States
Libertarianism_in_the_United_States
Rights independent of society
Natural rights are the subset of moral rights that human beings possess as a result of their nature, independent of the laws or customs of any particular
Natural_rights
Political ideology
Libertarian perspectives on LGBTQ rights illustrate how libertarian individuals and political parties have applied the libertarian philosophy to the subject
Libertarian perspectives on LGBTQ rights
Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBTQ_rights
Egoist anarchism Illegalism Philosophical anarchism Libertarianism Left-libertarianism Libertarian socialism Mutualism Social anarchism Anarcho-communism
List_of_political_ideologies
American political party
The Libertarian Party (LP) is a right-libertarian political party in the United States. The party promotes libertarianism, specifically fiscal conservatism
Libertarian Party (United States)
Libertarian_Party_(United_States)
Topics referred to by the same term
sometimes called moral libertarianism and contrasted to political or social libertarianism and metaphysical libertarianism Libertarian Party (disambiguation)
Libertarianism (disambiguation)
Libertarianism_(disambiguation)
Ideology combining conservatism with libertarianism
Libertarian conservatism, also referred to as conservative libertarianism and, more rarely, conservatarianism, is a libertarian political and social philosophy
Libertarian_conservatism
American economist (1926–1995)
a Dialectical Libertarianism, Penn State Press, 2000. p. 358, ISBN 0-27102049-0 Vance, Laurence M (March 15, 2011). "Is Libertarianism Compatible with
Murray_Rothbard
counter-economy. Economist and libertarian theorist Walter Block argues that restrictions on immigration are incompatible with libertarianism. In his view, state-enforced
Libertarian perspectives on immigration
Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration
Core concept in libertarianism
be a, or even the, defining principle of libertarianism. It is a common principle among right-libertarians of both minarchist and anarcho-capitalist
Non-aggression_principle
Legal and philosophical theory that there are values inherent in nature
theories Fitrah Jungle justice Libertarianism Moral realism Natural order (philosophy) Natural rights and legal rights Naturalistic fallacy Non-aggression
Natural_law
Political ideology
Neo-libertarianism or Neolibertarianism is a political and social philosophy that combines "the libertarian's moral commitment to negative liberty with
Neo-libertarianism
Legal, social, or ethical principles
between negative and positive rights is popular among some normative theorists, especially those with a bent toward libertarianism. The holder of a negative
Rights
Overview of and topical guide to libertarianism
topical guide to libertarianism: Libertarianism – political philosophy that upholds liberty as its principal objective. As a result, libertarians seek to maximize
Outline_of_libertarianism
American abolitionist and legal theorist (1808–1887)
Right-libertarianism Left-libertarianism List of American philosophers List of civil rights leaders Market anarchism Mutualism (economic theory) Natural and
Lysander_Spooner
Reformed Christian theology variant
that each of these claims some commitment to both libertarianism and Christianity. Libertarianism and Christianity, as societal entities, are each composed
Libertarian_Christianity
Political ideology
mainly within propertarianism/right-libertarianism between cultural liberals and social conservatives, as left-libertarians generally see it as a settled issue
Libertarian perspectives on abortion
Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion
Right-wing political activism strategy
libertarian values to Beltway values in order to improve public relations with the political elite), left-libertarianism and lifestyle libertarianism
Paleolibertarianism
Concept of property in one's own person
philosophies that emphasize individualism, such as libertarianism, liberalism, and anarchism. American libertarian socialist Stephen Pearl Andrews frequently
Self-ownership
Political spectrum and theory
Libertarian authoritarianism, or libertarian-authoritarian, is term used to describe a political spectrum and dimension that spans libertarianism, which
Libertarian_authoritarianism
provide for sanctions for infringement of "intellectual property rights". Libertarianism portal Copyleft Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA) McKay, Iain
Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property
Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property
Meta-ethical view
egoism Evolutionary ethics Hedonism Humanistic ethics Natural law Natural-rights libertarianism Objectivism Utilitarianism Virtue ethics Moore's open-question
Ethical_naturalism
English philosopher and jurist (1748–1832)
Smith, George H. (26 June 2012). "Jeremy Bentham's Attack on Natural Rights". Libertarianism.org. Retrieved 11 June 2018. Himmelfarb 1968, p. 77. Postema
Jeremy_Bentham
American libertarian philosophy
"Bleeding-Heart Libertarianism". Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Maloberti, Nicolás (2015). "Rawls and Bleeding Heart Libertarianism: How Well Do
Neoclassical_liberalism
Nonsectarian group
Libertarians for Life (LFL, L4L) is a nonsectarian group expressing an opposition to abortion within the context of libertarianism. Based in Wheaton, Maryland
Libertarians_for_Life
Political and social philosophy emphasizing the individual
egalitarian libertarianism, left-wing libertarianism, libertarian socialism, social libertarianism, and socialist libertarianism. Left-libertarianism can refer
Individualism
extremes, between deontologists, who ground law in natural rights, and consequentialists, who defend libertarian legal order by its resulting efficiency following
Libertarian_theories_of_law
Political and economic ideology integrating libertarianism with Georgism
that integrates libertarianism with Georgism. It favors a taxation system based (as in Georgism) on income derived from land and natural resources instead
Geolibertarianism
and libertarianism). Libertarianism portal Politics portal Anarcho-capitalism Debates within libertarianism Electoral alliance Green libertarianism Left-libertarianism
Libertarian perspectives on political alliances
Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances
Notion of rights of individuals and collective rights
Individual rights, also known as natural rights, are rights held by individuals by virtue of being human. Some theists believe individual rights are bestowed
Individual_and_group_rights
German-American anarcho-capitalist academic (born 1949)
associated with Austrian School economics, anarcho-capitalism, right-wing libertarianism, paleolibertarianism, and opposition to democracy. From 1986 until 2008
Hans-Hermann_Hoppe
American born Austrian school economist (born 1941)
just another commie living in Brooklyn." Block credits his shift to libertarianism to his having attended a lecture by Ayn Rand while he was an undergraduate
Walter_Block
Canadian philosopher
Equality Compatible?, Cambridge University Press, 2010. Canada portal Libertarianism portal List of University of Waterloo people "KWCMS". Taylor, Angus
Jan_Narveson
1982 book by Murray Rothbard
2025-01-15. Friedman, Mark D. (2014). Libertarian Philosophy in the Real World: The Politics of Natural Rights. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. p.26-28 Slutskiy
The_Ethics_of_Liberty
Moral philosophy principle
of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These
Harm_principle
Political party in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom Libertarianism in the United Kingdom Right-libertarianism Scottish Libertarian Party "Registration summary - Libertarian Party". The Electoral
Libertarian_Party_(UK)
Libertarian feminist movement
Feminism and the Libertarian Alternative | Libertarianism.org". www.libertarianism.org. 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2020-12-06. "How is Libertarian Feminism Different
Individualist_feminism
Libertarian based moral theory regarding abortion
"Abortion, Libertarianism, and Evictionism: A Last Word". Libertarian Papers. 5 (1). Retrieved 5 July 2020. Parr, Sean (2025). Departurism: The Libertarian Solution
Evictionism
American political philosopher (1938–2002)
4 Libertarianism. ISBN 0198782748. Papaioannou, Theo (2010). Robert Nozick's Moral and Political Theory : A Philosophical Critique of Libertarianism. Lewiston:
Robert_Nozick
Economics concept
approaches that dominate much of the economic analysis of property rights, natural rights and deontological theories ground property in inherent moral claims
Property_rights_(economics)
Philosophical interactions
major influence on the right-libertarian movement, particularly libertarianism in the United States. Many libertarians justify their political views
Objectivism and libertarianism
Objectivism_and_libertarianism
Political philosophy
socialism by its rejection of state ownership and from other forms of libertarianism by its rejection of private property. Broadly defined, it includes schools
Libertarian_socialism
Economic system free from interventionism
overlaps with other concepts such as free trade, right-libertarianism, the American concept of libertarianism, and the laissez-faire doctrine of the French liberal
Laissez-faire
Canadian-American anarchist (1947–2004)
considered libertarianism radical. He was an initiator of the Agorist Institute. Konkin rejected voting, believing it to be inconsistent with libertarian ethics
Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III
Rights that oblige either inaction or action
Negative and positive rights are rights that oblige either inaction (negative rights) or action (positive rights). These obligations may be of either a
Negative_and_positive_rights
2003 book by Michael Otsuka
fundamental principles of libertarianism conflict with the ideal of economic equality. This allows him to defend “libertarianism without inequality” – a
Libertarianism Without Inequality
Libertarianism_Without_Inequality
Philosophy supporting all forms of human association being voluntary
century, especially within libertarianism in the United States. Voluntaryist principal beliefs stem from the idea of natural rights, equality, non-coercion
Voluntaryism
Hungarian-American philosopher (1939–2016)
Machan rejected any division of libertarianism into left-wing and right-wing. He held that, by its nature, libertarianism is about political liberty for
Tibor_Machan
American academic (born 1945)
) The encyclopedia of libertarianism (pp. 442-444). Sage Publications, Inc., https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/libertarianism/chpt/rothbard-murray-1926-1995
David_D._Friedman
Canadian political philosopher (born 1942)
with equal rights to negative freedom that are global in scope and that take account of interpersonal inequalities in the value of natural resources,
Hillel_Steiner
Political ideology
State University writes in a paper titled "The Libertarian Case for Affirmative Action" that "libertarianism underwrites don't call for black reparations
Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action
Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action
State of freedom from constraint
the left,... "Libertarianism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2014-05-20. libertarianism, political philosophy
Liberty
1974 book by Robert Nozick
particularly popular among American libertarian circles as a canonical intellectual articulation of libertarianism. As such, Nozick, alongside Murray Rothbard
Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia
Government with minimal intervention
Constitutional liberalism Debates within libertarianism Objectivist movement Objectivism and libertarianism Property is theft! Rahn curve Small government
Night-watchman_state
Legal theory of property rights
Rothbard's form of libertarianism as propertarian because he "reduced all human rights to rights of property, beginning with the natural right of self-ownership"
Propertarianism
Political ideology
Libertarianism in the United Kingdom can either refer to political movements synonymous with anarchism, left-libertarianism or libertarian socialism, or
Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom
1973 book by Murray Rothbard
of libertarianism back to classical liberal philosophers John Locke and Adam Smith and the American Revolution. He argues that modern libertarianism originated
For_a_New_Liberty
Property ownership concept
unavailability of duly constituted law-enforcement resources, etc. Libertarianism and other property-rights-oriented ideologies define appropriation as requiring the
Original_appropriation
Techno-political ideology rejecting all forms of government regulation
cypherpunk culture in Silicon Valley in the early 1990s and in American libertarianism. The ideology focused on minimizing government regulation, censorship
Technolibertarianism
Human right to own property
claim to Earth's natural resources or other theories of justice. The right to property is one of the most controversial human rights, both in terms of
Right_to_property
Philosophy about how humans should regard land
to the land is libertarianism. Roughly, libertarianism is the ethical view that agents own themselves and have particular moral rights, including the
Land_ethic
Political ideology
reject the idea of absolute property rights and accept restraints that limit the freedom to abuse nature and natural resources. However, he rejects the
Green_liberalism
Theory of natural law
Government, § 27 Locke argued in support of individual property rights as natural rights. Following the argument, the fruits of one's labor are one's own
Labor_theory_of_property
Educational organization
The Center for Libertarian Studies (CLS) was a libertarian and anarcho-capitalist oriented educational organization founded in 1976 by Murray Rothbard
Center for Libertarian Studies
Center_for_Libertarian_Studies
Spanish political party
The Libertarian Party (Spanish: Partido Libertario, P-LIB), originally founded as the Party of Individual Freedom (Partido de la Libertad Individual)
Libertarian_Party_(Spain)
Economics think tank
commentator, and author Capitalism portal Libertarianism portal Politics portal United States portal Libertarian Party Mises Caucus Old Right (United States)
Mises_Institute
Type of human rights
The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. The Human Rights Committee has noted
Family_rights
overwhelmingly and militarily crush that ideology on its soil. Libertarianism portal Alliance of Libertarian Activists Murray Rothbard, The Early 1960s: From Right
Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention
Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention
Alliance of libertarian political parties
(with voting rights), Associate Members (non-voting but participatory), or Observers (individuals or organisations supportive of libertarian principles)
International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties
British writer (1787–1869)
"artificial" property rights allowed capitalists to claim a similar unearned share of production. He distinguished between "natural" rights, where labor entitles
Thomas_Hodgskin
Free State Project Libertarians for Life Liberty Fund Prometheus Award – presented by the Libertarian Futurist Society Libertarianism portal Lists portal
List of libertarian organizations
List_of_libertarian_organizations
Former political party
Russia Libertarian Party of Russia Libertarianism List of libertarian political parties (international) Political parties in Russia Russian Libertarian Movement
Russian_Libertarian_Movement
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3651740 Block, Walter (2006). "Radical libertarianism: applying libertarian principles to dealing with the unjust government, Part II"
Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment
Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment
Russian-American philosopher (1905–1982)
system based on recognizing individual rights, including private property rights. Although she opposed libertarianism, which she viewed as anarchism, Rand
Ayn_Rand
1973 nonfiction book by David D. Friedman
some books supporting similar libertarian and anarcho-capitalist views offer support in terms of morality or natural rights, Friedman (although he explicitly
The_Machinery_of_Freedom
American philosopher
self-ownership, liberty, and justice. He defends a version of left-libertarianism based on equal opportunity for well-being. Vallentyne, Peter (1991)
Peter_Vallentyne
Fundamental precept of liberalism and socialism
Equality before the law Harm principle Left-libertarianism Left-wing politics Libertarianism Libertarian socialism Lockean proviso Non-aggression principle
Law_of_equal_liberty
a list of libertarian political parties. Libertarianism portal Lists portal Politics portal Liberal parties by country List of libertarian organizations
List of libertarian political parties
List_of_libertarian_political_parties
1954–1968 U.S. social movement
The civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States from 1954 to 1968 which aimed to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination
Civil_rights_movement
historical libertarianism and contemporary economic libertarianism share general antipathy towards the government, contemporary libertarianism favors free
Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism
1793 French political document
rights are considered the "second generation rights of Man", economic and social rights (the first ones would be natural or political). These rights entail
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1793
Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_of_1793
Branch of anarchism
who combined the Austrian School economics of Ludwig von Mises with a natural-rights framework of self-ownership, drawing from 19th-century individualist
Market_anarchism
Right to collective action
of human rights by prioritizing compelled association over voluntary cooperation, undermining pluralism and individual liberty. Libertarianism portal Ballot
Freedom_of_association
State affiliate of the Libertarian Party
party also supports protecting natural rights and expanding civil rights, including sexual and racial equality, LGBT rights, and decriminalization of scheduled
Libertarian Party of Washington
Libertarian_Party_of_Washington
Rights preventing the infringement of personal freedom by other social actors
assembly, and movement. Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right
Civil_and_political_rights
Political orientation
"Parsing the Rick Perry rebellion: A manifesto of Western conservatism". Retrieved September 26, 2016. Conservatism portal Libertarianism portal v t e v t e
Western conservatism (United States)
Western_conservatism_(United_States)
Political and economic ideology
today is associated with classical liberalism, neoliberalism, right-libertarianism, and some schools of conservatism like liberal conservatism and fiscal
Economic_liberalism
Ideology supporting both civil and economic liberties
feature of libertarianism. As such, right-libertarians believe classical liberals do not have enough respect for individual property rights and lack sufficient
Classical_liberalism
American political philosopher and economist
Widerquist has done work both to clarify the concept of libertarianism and to criticize right-libertarianism version of it. He argues that the central principles
Karl_Widerquist
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NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
NATURAL RIGHTS-LIBERTARIANISM
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