AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for NAPOLEONIC CODE
Search references for NAPOLEONIC CODE. Phrases containing NAPOLEONIC CODE
See searches and references containing NAPOLEONIC CODE!
Search references for NAPOLEONIC CODE. Phrases containing NAPOLEONIC CODE
See searches and references containing NAPOLEONIC CODE!NAPOLEONIC CODE
French civil code established in 1804
The Napoleonic Code (French: Code Napoléon), officially the Civil Code of the French (French: Code civil des Français; simply referred to as Code civil)
Napoleonic_Code
France under Napoleon Bonaparte from 1804 to 1815
known retroactively as the First French Empire, and colloquially as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French
First_French_Empire
1799–1815 historical period
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution
Napoleonic_era
Codification of the civil law
on the Napoleonic Code. It is a misconception that the state of Louisiana in the United States based their civil code on the Napoleonic Code. Rather
Civil_code
1803–1815 series of wars led by Napoleon
Napoleonic Wars 800km 497miles 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The Napoleonic Wars (1803–15) were a global series of conflicts fought by a fluctuating array of
Napoleonic_Wars
French lawyer and statesman (1753–1824)
French Empire. He is best remembered as one of the authors of the Napoleonic Code, which still forms the basis of French civil law and French-inspired
Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès
Jean-Jacques-Régis_de_Cambacérès
French general and emperor (1769–1821)
reforms he enacted in France and Western Europe, most notably the Napoleonic Code. He established a system of public education, abolished the vestiges
Napoleon
System for interpreting and enforcing the laws
commercial codes. Germanistic to Napoleonic influence (Swiss civil law) The Swiss civil code is considered to be mainly influenced by the German civil code and
List of national legal systems
List_of_national_legal_systems
Legal system originating in Western Europe
disseminated starting in the 19th century, most notably with France's Napoleonic Code (1804) and Germany's Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (1900). Unlike common
Civil_law_(legal_system)
invades Hanover 1804 March 21: Introduction of the Civil Code (also known as Napoleonic Code) May 18: Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of the French by the
Timeline of the Napoleonic era
Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era
Legislation that purports to cover a complete system of laws
the French Napoleonic Code (code civil) of 1804, the Austrian civil code (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) of 1812, the German civil code (Bürgerliches
Code_of_law
State in northern Italy (1805–1814)
parliament, remained in theory, but it was never summoned after 1805; the Napoleonic Code was introduced on 21 March 1804. The fourth Statute, decided on 16
Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)
civil code replaced an earlier civil code which was in force since 1865, the latter being essentially an Italian translation of the Napoleonic Code. Some
Italian_Civil_Code
Legally binding document establishing rights and duties between parties
characterised by the unique doctrine of abstraction, systems based on the Napoleonic Code are characterised by their systematic distinction between different
Contract
referred to as the Civil Procedure Code. The New Civil Procedure Code formally replaced the former Napoleonic Code of Civil Procedure of 1807 in accordance
New French Civil Procedure Code
New_French_Civil_Procedure_Code
Violent crime triggered by a sudden impulse
resulted in a custodial sentence for the murderer of two years. After the Napoleonic Code was updated in the 1970s, paternal authority over the members of the
Crime_of_passion
Dutch Civil Code
Code of the Netherlands. Early versions were largely based on the Napoleonic Code. The Dutch Civil Code was substantively reformed in 1992. The Code deals
Burgerlijk_Wetboek
Civil Code derives from the Napoleonic Code, the similarities are because both stem from common sources, namely the 1800 Draft of the Napoleonic Code. The
Law_of_Louisiana
Term used for legal codes in East Asia
five major codes, which were, in Japanese, altogether metonymically referred to as "the Napoleonic Code" (the official name of the Civil Code, the first
Six_Codes
Laws in Indonesia
receive and enact the Napoleonic Code. On 1 January 1811, the Netherlands was annexed by the French Empire and the Napoleonic Code was adopted in unmodified
Civil_Code_of_Indonesia
Murders by country and region
daughter and sibling, Sadia Sheikh. As a legacy of the very influential Napoleonic Code, before 1997, Belgian law provided for mitigating circumstances in
Honor_killings_by_region
Indian state civil law
possession). The Goan civil code is a Indianised variant of the Portuguese legal system that draws largely from the Napoleonic Code, a common legal system
Goa_Civil_Code
1685 law on slavery in the French colonial empire
by consular decree on 7 December 1802. The Code Noir coexisted for forty-three years with the Napoleonic code despite the contradictory nature of the two
Code_noir
Babylonian legal text
similar to the Code of Justinian and the Napoleonic Code. There is also evidence that dīnātum, which in the Code of Hammurabi sometimes denote individual
Code_of_Hammurabi
Process of collecting and restating certain area of law forming a legal code
late 18th century (see civil code). However, it became widespread only after the enactment of the French Napoleonic Code (1804), which has heavily influenced
Codification_(law)
Overview of the history of European law
day. The Napoleonic era, known for the Napoleonic Wars, is also notable for the French Civil Code of 1804, a landmark in legal history. This code replaced
Contemporary_European_law
Bank of the Rhine River
privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the Napoleonic Code and the reorganisation of the judicial and local administrative systems
Left_Bank_of_the_Rhine
Legal term
An allonge is more usually met with in countries using the Napoleonic Code, as the code requires every endorsement to express the consideration. Under
Allonge
Penal code of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
law, it also incorporated elements from the Napoleonic Code and the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825. The Code was adopted on 6 October 1860. After the partition
Penal_Code_of_Bangladesh
to various owners. The partible inheritance scheme outlined in the Napoleonic Code, which specified that all inheritance must be equally divided among
List_of_Burgundy_grands_crus
French lawyer and politician (1746–1807)
and the First Empire. Portalis was one of the chief draftsmen of the Napoleonic Code, which serves as the foundational framework of the French legal system
Jean-Étienne-Marie_Portalis
Historic region of Germany
privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the Napoleonic Code, and the reorganization of the judicial and local administrative systems
Rhineland
Napoleonic client state (1806–1815)
part of the country's finances without raising taxes, introduced the Napoleonic Code, completed the abolition of feudalism and partially suppressed brigandage
Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)
Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)
Overview of criminal justice system in the Netherlands
Netherlands' criminal code is based on the Napoleonic Code, imposed during the time of the French Empire. The Dutch largely kept the Napoleonic Code after their
Criminal justice system of the Netherlands
Criminal_justice_system_of_the_Netherlands
based on the Napoleonic Code, with additional influences from British and traditional Shari'a law. It has been the inspiration for the civil code of numerous
Law_of_Egypt
Erstwhile Penal code of Republic of India
derived from the Napoleonic Code and Edward Livingston's Louisiana Civil Code of 1825. The first final draft of the Indian Penal Code was submitted to
Indian_Penal_Code
Type of legal system
some civil law systems (i.e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code) where a judge investigates the case. The adversarial system is the
Adversarial_system
Country primarily in Western Europe
French revolutionary ideals and reforms, such as the metric system, Napoleonic Code and Declaration of the Rights of Man. In 1812 Napoleon attacked Russia
France
Branch of English common law
and Italy. Whereas the civil law takes the form of legal codes such as the Napoleonic Code, the common law comes from uncodified case law that arises
Civil_law_(common_law)
independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic Codes. It is divided into the judicial branch (dealing with civil law and
Politics_of_France
Malta has a mixed-system codification, influenced by Roman law, French Napoleonic Code, English Common Law, European Union law, international law, and customary
Law_of_Malta
legalized in 1811 after France invaded the country and installed the Napoleonic Code, erasing any remaining sodomy laws. No more sodomy laws were enacted
LGBTQ rights in the Netherlands
LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Netherlands
Country in Northwestern Europe
parliamentary democracy, with a laicist constitution based on the Napoleonic Code. Although the franchise was initially restricted, universal suffrage
Belgium
Civil code of Austria
drafters at the earlier and later stages of the draft. Comparable to the Napoleonic Code, it was based on the ideals of freedom and equality before the law
Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
Allgemeines_bürgerliches_Gesetzbuch
Country in Western Europe
Luxembourg; one of the many examples features the implementation of the Napoleonic Code Civil which was introduced in 1804 and is still valid today. After
Luxembourg
schools received little attention. Of permanent importance was the Napoleonic Code created by eminent jurists under Napoleon's supervision. Praised for
History_of_France
development of separate national codes, of which the French Napoleonic Code, the Austrian Code, German and Swiss codes were the most influential. Around
Law_in_Europe
French jurist and politician and one of the main contributors to the Napoleonic Code. Jacques de Maleville was born on the 19th of June, 1741 to middle
Jacques_de_Maleville
Winery, distillery and guest house
properties were in possession of the abbey until the establishment of the Napoleonic Code in 1804. In 1805, the land in Kröv was purchased by Peter Schneiders
Staffelter_Hof
Legal contract for the purchase of assets
the Egyptian Civil Code, based on the Napoleonic Code, which beyond its application in Egypt serves as the model for the civil codes of several other Arab
Contract_of_sale
Repository for the remains of Napoleon in Paris
centralisation administrative, Conseil d'Etat, Code civil, Concordat, Université impériale, Cour des comptes, Code du commerce, Grands travaux, Légion d'honneur
Napoleon's_tomb
homosexuality. The Ottoman Penal Code of 1858 was heavily influenced by the Napoleonic Code, as part of wider reforms during the Tanzimat period. As a signatory
LGBTQ_rights_in_Turkey
Legal system of the Arab Republic of Egypt
Civil Code and, to a lesser extent, upon other European codes and Islamic law. The legal code in Egypt is largely derived from the Napoleonic Code, whose
Judiciary_of_Egypt
Legal claim of civil wrong
from the pre-Napoleonic French law then in force, but was eventually codified in the Civil Code of Lower Canada and later the present Code Civil du Québec
Tort
Legal term describing cohabitation by romantic partners outside of marriage
civil union, where it is derived from the Napoleonic Code. While the Napoleonic Code or French Civil Code defined concubinage, it did not, however, address
Concubinage_(law)
System dividing an estate between heirs
ones to be found in legal systems based on both common law and the Napoleonic Code. In the latter case, there may be a further requirement implying division
Partible_inheritance
Italian monarchy ruled by the House of Savoy (1720–1861)
Ferdinand VII to the Spanish throne. Victor Emanuel I disbanded the entire Napoleonic Code and returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church. This
Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720–1861)
Spouse's sexual commitment to one another
her of the sexual solace that he owed to her." Article 215 of the Napoleonic Code (1804) says that "spouses mutually oblige themselves to a community
Marital_debt
Duchess of Parma (r. 1814–1847); Empress of the French (1810–1814)
d'Égypte Bank of France French Prefecture System Legion of Honour Napoleonic Code Coinage Public works Pont d'Iéna Simplon Pass Arc de Triomphe Column
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma
American politician and jurist (1764–1836)
figure in the drafting of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825, a civil code based largely on the Napoleonic Code. Livingston represented both New York and then
Edward_Livingston
British common law (the 50th, Louisiana, derived its law from French and Napoleonic Code), a split estate is created when the original fee simple owner sells
Split_estate
Napoleonic union of German client states
federal states through their legal and social policies, such as the Napoleonic Code; The second group were the reform states of Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden
Confederation_of_the_Rhine
French Champagne producer (1777–1866)
the wine business and make it grow. In the early 19th century, the Napoleonic Code denied women civil and political rights, prohibiting them from working
Madame_Clicquot_Ponsardin
Laws governing police and courts in French criminal cases
and became an important source of written law which influenced the Napoleonic Code. Beyond just forming the base of written customary law, it also gained
French code of criminal procedure
French_code_of_criminal_procedure
Legacy of French general and statesman
touch serfdom in Russia. After the fall of Napoleon, not only was the Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium
Legacy_of_Napoleon
colonial history, trade links and common legal practices (for example the Napoleonic Code), which can facilitate trade and investment between these countries
Francophone_economy
Book by John Kennedy Toole
Neon Bible in the possession of Thelma Toole, his mother. Louisiana's Napoleonic code-influenced inheritance law meant that these works technically belonged
The_Neon_Bible
French feminist newspaper (1881–1891)
unrelenting advocate for women's enfranchisement, demanding changes to the Napoleonic Code that relegated women to a vastly inferior status. The newspaper demanded
La_Citoyenne
Polish general
better than the Napoleonic Code. Wawrzecki was part of conservative Lithuanian nobility that opposed keeping of the Napoleonic Code within Congress Poland
Tomasz_Wawrzecki
Civilis, but as developed within German law, rather than upon the Napoleonic Code. But, over time Sweden along with the other Scandinavian countries
Law_of_Sweden
Province of the First French Empire
province of France during the First French Empire that existed under Napoleonic Rule from 1809 to 1814. The province encompassed large parts of modern-day
Illyrian_Provinces
Civil code of Chile since 1857
since then. Traditionally, the Napoleonic Code has been considered the main source of inspiration for the Chilean Code. However, this is true only with
Chilean_Civil_Code
Italian criminal code (1890–1930)
Ottoman version that was partially modelled on the Napoleonic Code, was based in part on the Zanardelli Code. A notable exception was its inclusion of the
Zanardelli_Code
British colony in Africa from 1810 to 1968
of Paris in 1814. Nonetheless, French institutions, including the Napoleonic Code of law, were maintained, and the French language was still more widely
British_Mauritius
American actress, Princess of Monaco from 1956 to 1982
rational appraisal on both sides," they married on April 19, 1956. The Napoleonic Code of Monaco and the laws of the Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies
Grace_Kelly
1947 play by Tennessee Williams
large plantation and the DuBois family home. He tells Stella about the Napoleonic Code, stating that with it a husband had control over his wife's financial
A_Streetcar_Named_Desire
also occurred in article 793 of the Napoleonic Code (1804), which became the basis of most of the following civil codes, in force in countries such as France
Beneficium_inventarii
Legal code in force between 1871 and 2015
principles of the 17th century. It was also influenced by the great Napoleonic Code, the Spanish laws in effect at that time in Argentina, Roman law (especially
Civil_code_of_Argentina
with strong influence from the Napoleonic Code (1805). In Brazil, it is provided in Art. 476 of the Brazilian Civil Code. In Italy, it is provided in Article
Exceptio non adimpleti contractus
Exceptio_non_adimpleti_contractus
Empress of the French from 1804 to 1810
d'Égypte Bank of France French Prefecture System Legion of Honour Napoleonic Code Coinage Public works Pont d'Iéna Simplon Pass Arc de Triomphe Column
Joséphine_de_Beauharnais
Film by Ridley Scott
“mediocre” while disregarding Napoleon's positive legacies such as the Napoleonic Code. Spanish historian Francisco Gracia Alonso called the film "a crime"
Napoleon_(2023_film)
was repealed only seven years later by the Penal Code of 1880, which relied on the Napoleonic Code. Confucian thought and the government's desire to
Sexuality_in_Japan
March 1747 – 31 July 1825) was one of the four legal authors of the Napoleonic Code written at the request of Napoleon at the beginning of the nineteenth
Félix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Préameneu
Félix-Julien-Jean_Bigot_de_Préameneu
English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
magazine New Scientist in 1961 as having influenced the drafting of the Napoleonic Code as well as the law reforms introduced by 19th-century British Prime
Francis_Bacon
Collection of legal works codified by Justinian I of Byzantium
backbone of the single largest legal reform of the modern age, the Napoleonic Code, which marked the abolition of feudalism, but reinstated slavery in
Corpus_Juris_Civilis
Brazilian law
Once independent, the code needed to develop in accordance with the needs of its people. The interest aroused by the Napoleonic code and the theory of codification
Brazilian_Civil_Code
literature include: Stanley from A Streetcar Named Desire invokes the Napoleonic Code while speaking with Blanche. The pig in Animal Farm who wrests control
Cultural depictions of Napoleon
Cultural_depictions_of_Napoleon
French imperial dynasty
continental Europe through a series of military victories during the Napoleonic Wars. He installed members of his family on the thrones of client states
House_of_Bonaparte
remains the language of legislation, due to the application of the Napoleonic Code in Luxembourg. Despite having German as one of its official languages
Languages_of_Luxembourg
System of enforceable rules
incorporated into countries' local law under new civil codes. The Napoleonic and German Codes became the most influential. In contrast to English common
Law
Largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
life, for example, by introducing the Napoleonic Code and removing the old elites from power. The Napoleonic Code remained in use on the left bank of the
Cologne
U.S. state
Louisiana Civil Code with the Napoleonic Code. Although the Napoleonic Code and Louisiana law draw from common legal roots, the Napoleonic Code was never in
Louisiana
Judiciary body of Niger
version on 18 July 1999. It is an inquisitorial system based on the Napoleonic Code, established in Niger during French colonial rule and the 1960 constitution
Judiciary_of_Niger
Body of law by a local authority
Constitutional Law. By contrast, most implementations of Islamic shariah, Napoleonic Code, Chinese law, and German law emphasize very specific philosophical
Legal_code_(municipal)
1803 acquisition of region of Middle America land by the U.S. from France
d'Égypte Bank of France French Prefecture System Legion of Honour Napoleonic Code Coinage Public works Pont d'Iéna Simplon Pass Arc de Triomphe Column
Louisiana_Purchase
Law that exonerates a male rapist if he marries his female victim
physical or mental. Article 357 of the French Penal Code of 1810 (not to be confused with the Napoleonic Code of 1804) contained a provision that if a man had
Marry-your-rapist_law
state affairs, and traditional male supremacy. A decade later the Napoleonic Code confirmed and perpetuated women's second-class status. The French Revolution
Women in the French Revolution
Women_in_the_French_Revolution
1832 novel by George Sand
Colonel Delmare, because she lacks the protection of the law: under the Napoleonic Code, women could not obtain property, claim ownership of their children
Indiana_(novel)
French jurist and politician who was one of the four authors of the Napoleonic Code. He was born in Le Havre as the son of fr:Pierre joseph Denis Guillaume
Louis-Joseph_Faure
from Roman law, such as the Justinian Code, the Corpus Juris Civilis, and to a lesser extent the Napoleonic Code. German law has been subject to many influences
Law_of_Germany
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
Female
English
English name borrowed from the name of an Italian island where Napoleon was exiled, derived from Latin Ilva, from Greek Aethale, ELBA means "soot, grime."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Code
Girl/Female
French American
Desired. The one desired. Famous bearer: Napoleon Bonaparte's mistress.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Irish
Cushion; Helpful
Female
Japanese
(1-儀, 2-典, 3-則, 4-法) Japanese unisex name NORI means 1) "ceremony, regalia," 2) "code, precedent," 3) "model, rule, standard," 4) "law, rule."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Coad.
Male
French
French form of Italian Napoleone, a very rare name borne by a short emperor (5'6"), probably NAPOLEON means "elf, dwarf, Nibelung (son of the mist)."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Rockstar
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Irish
Cushion; Helpful; Pillow
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person who insisted on a strict code of social behavior.German : topographic name for someone who lived on or by a hill, from Middle High German stickel ‘hill’, ‘slope’ + the suffix -er denoting an inhabitant; in the south an occupational name for someone who shapes and sets stakes in vineyards.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Code
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Irish
Helpful
Boy/Male
Greek American French Italian
Of the new city.
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Italian
Lion of Naples
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Helpful.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a watchman or guard, from Old English weard ‘guard’ (used as both an agent noun and an abstract noun).Irish : reduced form of McWard, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac an Bhaird ‘son of the poet’. The surname occurs throughout Ireland, where three different branches of the family are known as professional poets.Surname adopted by bearers of the Jewish surname Warshawski, Warshawsky or some other Jewish name bearing some similarity to the English name.Americanized form of French Guerin.The surname Ward was brought to North America from England independently by several different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. Nathaniel Ward (1578–1652), author of the MA legal code, was born in Haverhill, Suffolk, England, and emigrated to Agawam (Ipswich, MA) in 1633. William Ward was one of the original settlers of Sudbury, MA, in about 1638. Miles Ward came from England to Salem, MA, in about 1639. Thomas Ward (d. 1689) settled in Newport, RI, in 1671; among his descendants were two governors of colonial RI.
Boy/Male
American, Celebrity, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindu, Indian, Italian, Swedish
Italy; Son of Mist; Lion; Man from Naples; Lion of the Woodland; Lion of the New City
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Loyal; Faithful
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil
Lord Vishnu; Earth; Universe
Boy/Male
Biblical
Strength of God.
Girl/Female
Indian
Meditation
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Dedication; A Pledge; A Lamp; Light; Radiant; Goddess Lakshmi
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
River
Boy/Male
Indian
Radiant
Girl/Female
Indian
One who is present everywhere
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord Indra
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Fastest Person
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
NAPOLEONIC CODE
n.
Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons.
v. t.
To signal by means of a flag waved from side to side according to a code adopted for the purpose.
n.
One of the opium alkaloids; a white crystalline substance, C18H21NO3, similar to and regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its action; -- called also codeia.
n.
Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.
n.
A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86.
n. sing. & pl.
A body or code of laws.
n.
A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.
n.
The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament.
n.
The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III.
a.
Of or pertaining to Napoleon I., or his family; resembling, or having the qualities of, Napoleon I.
n.
An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.
a.
Relating to crime; -- opposed to civil; as, the criminal code.
a.
Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family.
n.
The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society.
n.
A collection or digest of laws; a code.
n.
Any system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the naval code, a system of rules for making communications at sea means of signals.
a.
Alt. of Apollonic
a.
Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code.
n.
A supporter of the dynasty of the Napoleons.