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NANJING 1937

  • Nanjing Massacre
  • 1937–1938 mass murder in China

    The Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking) was the mass rape and murder, between December 1937 and March 1938, of Chinese

    Nanjing Massacre

    Nanjing Massacre

    Nanjing_Massacre

  • Nanjing 1937
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Nanjing 1937 may refer to: Don't Cry, Nanking, also known as Nanjing 1937, 1995 film by Wu Ziniu Nanjing 1937: A Love Story, 1996 Chinese novel by Ye

    Nanjing 1937

    Nanjing_1937

  • Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
  • Memorial in Nanjing, China

    then-capital of China, Nanjing, after it fell on 13 December 1937. It is located in the southwestern corner of downtown Nanjing known as Jiangdongmen (江东门)

    Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

    Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders

    Memorial_Hall_of_the_Victims_in_Nanjing_Massacre_by_Japanese_Invaders

  • Battle of Nanking
  • 1937 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War

    The Battle of Nanking (or Nanjing) was fought in early December 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army

    Battle of Nanking

    Battle of Nanking

    Battle_of_Nanking

  • Population of Nanjing in December of 1937
  • Topic related to the Nanjing Massacre

    population of Nanjing in December 1937 vary widely from source to source. Scholars have been heavily engaged in attempting to calculate Nanjing (then romanized

    Population of Nanjing in December of 1937

    Population of Nanjing in December of 1937

    Population_of_Nanjing_in_December_of_1937

  • Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre
  • Nanjing on December 13, 1937, the precise number remains unknown. Since the late-1960s when the first academic works on the Nanjing Massacre were produced

    Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

    Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

    Death_toll_of_the_Nanjing_Massacre

  • Nanjing Massacre denial
  • Denial of the 1937 massacre by Japan

    Denial of the Nanjing Massacre is a negationist claim asserting that the murder and rape of hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers and civilians by

    Nanjing Massacre denial

    Nanjing Massacre denial

    Nanjing_Massacre_denial

  • Nanjing 1937: A Love Story
  • 1996 romance novel by Ye Zhaoyan

    Nanjing 1937: A Love Story (Chinese: 一九三七年的爱情; Yijiusanqi nian de aiqing) is a 1996 romantic novel written by Ye Zhaoyan. Originally published in Chinese

    Nanjing 1937: A Love Story

    Nanjing_1937:_A_Love_Story

  • Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
  • Chinese tribunal (1946–48) of Japanese leaders

    with his sword during the Nanjing Massacre. Sentenced to death and executed in 1948. Nanking (1937–1945) Iris Chang Nanjing Massacre International Military

    Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal

    Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal

    Nanjing_War_Crimes_Tribunal

  • Don't Cry, Nanking
  • 1995 Chinese film

    Nanking, also known as Nanjing 1937 (Chinese: 南京1937; pinyin: Nánjīng yī jiǔ sān qī), is a 1995 Chinese war film about the 1937 Nanjing Massacre committed

    Don't Cry, Nanking

    Don't Cry, Nanking

    Don't_Cry,_Nanking

  • The Truth About Nanjing
  • 2008 Japanese propaganda film

    that is widely considered to advocate for denial or revisionism of the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. Mizushima said he received more than 200 million yen (US$1

    The Truth About Nanjing

    The Truth About Nanjing

    The_Truth_About_Nanjing

  • USS Panay incident
  • Japanese attack on a US gunboat in 1937

    Company tankers on the Yangtze River near the Chinese capital of Nanjing on 12 December 1937. Japan and the United States were not at war at the time. The

    USS Panay incident

    USS Panay incident

    USS_Panay_incident

  • Nanjing
  • Capital of Jiangsu, China

    devastating atrocities in both conflicts, most notably the Nanjing Massacre of 1937–38. Nanjing became the capital city of Jiangsu province in 1952, after

    Nanjing

    Nanjing

    Nanjing

  • The Flowers of War
  • 2011 Chinese-Hong Kong film by Zhang Yimou

    Yan, 13 Flowers of Nanjing, inspired by the diary of Minnie Vautrin. The story is set in Nanjing, China, during the 1937 Nanjing Massacre in the Second

    The Flowers of War

    The Flowers of War

    The_Flowers_of_War

  • Hundred man killing contest
  • 1937 event during the Japanese invasion of China

    from Shanghai to Nanjing, prior to the infamous Nanjing Massacre. According to the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun's report on December 13, 1937, Toshiaki Mukai

    Hundred man killing contest

    Hundred man killing contest

    Hundred_man_killing_contest

  • Nanking Safety Zone
  • Demilitarized area in Nanjing, China, 1937–1938

    (December 13, 1937). The Battle of Songhu was fought following the Marco Polo Bridge incident, during which the Japanese bombed Nanjing (Nanking) indiscriminately

    Nanking Safety Zone

    Nanking Safety Zone

    Nanking_Safety_Zone

  • Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre
  • Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre examines how the 1937–1938 massacre of Chinese by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing has been documented, interpreted

    Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre

    Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre

    Historiography_of_the_Nanjing_Massacre

  • Black Dragon Society
  • Ultranationalist paramilitary group in Japan

    Square Press. ISBN 978-0815411710. Harmsen, Peter (November 9, 2015). Nanjing 1937: Battle for a Doomed City. Casemate. ISBN 978-1612002842. Victoria, Brian

    Black Dragon Society

    Black_Dragon_Society

  • Battle of Shanghai
  • 1937 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War

    its advance towards Nanjing on November 11, 1937, approaching the city from different directions. The Japanese advance to Nanjing can be characterized

    Battle of Shanghai

    Battle of Shanghai

    Battle_of_Shanghai

  • Nanking (2007 film)
  • 2007 American film

    2007 documentary film about the Nanjing Massacre, committed in 1937 by the Japanese army in the former capital city Nanjing, China. It was inspired by Iris

    Nanking (2007 film)

    Nanking (2007 film)

    Nanking_(2007_film)

  • Barrier troops
  • Military unit tasked to prevent retreat of allied forces

    Press. p. 438. ISBN 0-8047-3615-4. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey Publishing. pp. 76–77. ISBN 978-1-4728-1749-5

    Barrier troops

    Barrier_troops

  • Nanjing Road
  • Road in Shanghai, China

    Nanjing Road (Chinese: 南京路; pinyin: Nánjīng Lù; Shanghainese: Noecin Lu) is a road in Shanghai, the eastern part of which is the main shopping district

    Nanjing Road

    Nanjing Road

    Nanjing_Road

  • He Jianming
  • Chinese author

    Country Fidelity and Betrayal Fundamental Interests Falling Tears are Gold Nanjing 1937: Memories of a Massacre (English translation) Abrahamsen, Eric. "He Jianming"

    He Jianming

    He_Jianming

  • City of Life and Death
  • 2009 Chinese war film by Lu Chuan

    in 1937. The Imperial Japanese Army has just captured Nanjing, capital of the Republic of China. What followed is historically known as the Nanjing Massacre

    City of Life and Death

    City of Life and Death

    City_of_Life_and_Death

  • Nanjing decade
  • Period in the history of the Republic of China from 1927 to 1937

    the decade from 1927 to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when Nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord

    Nanjing decade

    Nanjing decade

    Nanjing_decade

  • Presidential Palace (Nanjing)
  • Museum and former presidential palace in Nanjing, China

    The Presidential Palace (Chinese: 總統府; pinyin: Zǒngtǒng fǔ) in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, housed the Office of the President of the Republic of China from

    Presidential Palace (Nanjing)

    Presidential Palace (Nanjing)

    Presidential_Palace_(Nanjing)

  • Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day
  • Annual observance in China

    bombing. Starting on 13 December 1937, soldiers in the Imperial Japanese Army carried out the Nanjing Massacre in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of

    Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day

    Nanjing Massacre Memorial Day

    Nanjing_Massacre_Memorial_Day

  • Japanese war crimes
  • War crimes committed by the Empire of Japan

    2015) pages 105-121. Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey. 2017. p. 4. Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey

    Japanese war crimes

    Japanese war crimes

    Japanese_war_crimes

  • Satsuma Rebellion
  • 1877 Japanese samurai revolt

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Satsuma Rebellion

    Satsuma Rebellion

    Satsuma_Rebellion

  • Yuko Tojo
  • Japanese politician (1939–2013)

    denial or revisionism of the Nanjing Massacre. Mizushima alleges that the 1937 Nanjing Massacre was a politically motivated fabrication by China and numerous

    Yuko Tojo

    Yuko_Tojo

  • The Rape of Nanking (book)
  • 1997 non-fiction book by Iris Chang

    the 1937–1938 Nanjing Massacre—the mass murder and the mass rape of Chinese civilians which was committed by the Imperial Japanese Army in Nanjing (Nanking)

    The Rape of Nanking (book)

    The Rape of Nanking (book)

    The_Rape_of_Nanking_(book)

  • Wang Jingwei regime
  • Puppet state of Japan in China (1940–1945)

    assassination attempt ordered by Chiang, Wang established the RNG in occupied Nanjing in 1940, with a collaborationist Kuomintang as its ruling party. A deliberate

    Wang Jingwei regime

    Wang Jingwei regime

    Wang_Jingwei_regime

  • Republic of China (1912–1949)
  • Mainland period of the Republic of China

    representative of China. While there was relative prosperity during the Nanjing decade (1927–1937), the ROC faced internal and external threats. The severely weakened

    Republic of China (1912–1949)

    Republic of China (1912–1949)

    Republic_of_China_(1912–1949)

  • MP 18
  • Submachine gun

    (1941–1979)". 21 June 2021. Lai, Benjamin (29 Jun 2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Campaign 309. Osprey Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9781472817495

    MP 18

    MP 18

    MP_18

  • John Rabe (film)
  • 2009 film

    International Safety Zone in Nanjing, China, helping to save over 200,000 Chinese from the Nanjing Massacre in late 1937 and early 1938. The massacre

    John Rabe (film)

    John Rabe (film)

    John_Rabe_(film)

  • Saigō Takamori
  • Japanese samurai and politician (1828–1877)

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Saigō Takamori

    Saigō Takamori

    Saigō_Takamori

  • Ye Zhaoyan
  • Chinese author based in Nanjing

    (2002) [1996]. Nanjing 1937: A Love Story. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12754-5. Ye Zhaoyan (2021) [1997]. People of Nanjing: A Cultural Perspective

    Ye Zhaoyan

    Ye_Zhaoyan

  • International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone
  • 1937 demilitarized zone committee

    12 December 1937 – Chinese soldiers are ordered to withdraw from Nanjing 13 December 1937 – Japanese troops capture Nanjing 14 December 1937 – The International

    International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone

    International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone

    International_Committee_for_the_Nanking_Safety_Zone

  • Sanseitō
  • Far-right Japanese political party

    protect Okinawa". It also denies the existence of comfort women and the Nanjing Massacre. It regards the postwar view of history as a "masochistic view

    Sanseitō

    Sanseitō

  • Timeline of Nanjing
  • following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. c. 600,000 BCE - Nanjing Man (Homo erectus) active. 7000 BCE - Beiyinyangying

    Timeline of Nanjing

    Timeline_of_Nanjing

  • Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport
  • Former airport of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (1934–2015)

    Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport was an airport that served Nanjing, the capital of East China's Jiangsu province. It is located 6.2 kilometres (3.9 mi) south

    Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport

    Nanjing_Dajiaochang_Airport

  • Ultranationalism (Japan)
  • Political ideology in Japan

    Military Academy incident (1934–1935) February 26 incident (1936) Nanjing massacre (1937) New Political Order [ja] (1940) Kyūjō incident (1945) Assassination

    Ultranationalism (Japan)

    Ultranationalism (Japan)

    Ultranationalism_(Japan)

  • Mengjiang
  • Wang Jingwei regime autonomous zone

    with its capital in Nanjing. Mengjiang was nominally incorporated into the regime in 1940, though it remained autonomous from Nanjing. Mengjiang capitulated

    Mengjiang

    Mengjiang

    Mengjiang

  • Harukichi Shimoi
  • Japanese poet and writer (1883–1954)

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Harukichi Shimoi

    Harukichi Shimoi

    Harukichi_Shimoi

  • Stielhandgranate 24
  • Hand grenade

    Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-866-2. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.

    Stielhandgranate 24

    Stielhandgranate 24

    Stielhandgranate_24

  • Tatenokai
  • Nationalist private militia in Japan (1968–70)

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Tatenokai

    Tatenokai

    Tatenokai

  • Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma
  • 1960 murder in Tokyo, Japan

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

    Assassination of Inejirō Asanuma

    Assassination_of_Inejirō_Asanuma

  • Sun and Steel (essay)
  • 1968 essay by Yukio Mishima

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Sun and Steel (essay)

    Sun_and_Steel_(essay)

  • Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
  • Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan

    Reformed Government of the Republic of China, merged into Wang Jingwei's Nanjing-based reorganized national government on 30 March 1940, but in practical

    Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)

    Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)

    Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1937–1940)

  • Second United Front
  • 1936–47 alliance between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang

     241–242. Pantsov 2012, p. 302. Ye, Zhaoyan Ye, Berry, Michael. (2003). Nanjing 1937: A Love Story. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12754-5. Li, Ying

    Second United Front

    Second United Front

    Second_United_Front

  • Prince Yasuhiko Asaka
  • Japanese prince and general (1887–1981)

    most notable for being the commander of Japanese forces outside Nanjing in December 1937, when he presided over the mass murder and rape of hundreds of

    Prince Yasuhiko Asaka

    Prince Yasuhiko Asaka

    Prince_Yasuhiko_Asaka

  • Ethnic nationalism in Japan
  • (2010). The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937-1945. Cambridge University Press. p. 80. Yamato nationalism that inspired

    Ethnic nationalism in Japan

    Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan

  • Hideki Tojo
  • Japanese general, prime minister from 1941 to 1944

    Tōseiha (lit. 'Control Faction') within the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). In 1937, as chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, he led operations during the Japanese

    Hideki Tojo

    Hideki Tojo

    Hideki_Tojo

  • John Rabe
  • German diplomat and businessman (1882–1950)

    in Nanjing in 1931. On 1 March 1934 he joined the Nazi Party. Many Westerners were living in Nanjing, the Chinese capital city, until December 1937, with

    John Rabe

    John Rabe

    John_Rabe

  • Iwane Matsui
  • Japanese officer, war criminal (1878–1948)

    expeditionary force sent to China in 1937. He was convicted of war crimes and executed by the Allies for his involvement in the Nanjing Massacre. Born in Nagoya,

    Iwane Matsui

    Iwane Matsui

    Iwane_Matsui

  • Arahitogami
  • Type of divine being in Shinto

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Arahitogami

    Arahitogami

  • Rising Sun Flag
  • Historical Japanese military flag

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Rising Sun Flag

    Rising Sun Flag

    Rising_Sun_Flag

  • Otoya Yamaguchi
  • Japanese assassin (1943–1960)

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Otoya Yamaguchi

    Otoya Yamaguchi

    Otoya_Yamaguchi

  • Hisao Tani
  • Japanese officer, war criminal 1882-1947

    humanity. Forces under his command committed the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. Tani was tried in the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal and executed. Tani was born to

    Hisao Tani

    Hisao Tani

    Hisao_Tani

  • Stielhandgranate
  • Hand grenade

    Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-594-5. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.

    Stielhandgranate

    Stielhandgranate

    Stielhandgranate

  • Minnie Vautrin
  • American missionary in China (1886–1941)

    caring for and protecting at least 10,000 Chinese refugees during the Nanjing Massacre in China, during which she kept a now-published diary, at times

    Minnie Vautrin

    Minnie Vautrin

    Minnie_Vautrin

  • List of battles by casualties
  • Undergraduate Historical Review. 3 (2). Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey Publishing. pp. 87–88. "First Battle

    List of battles by casualties

    List_of_battles_by_casualties

  • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
  • World War II era Pan-Asian union under the Empire of Japan

    from Japan: Finance, Imperialism, and the Building of the Yen Bloc, 1894–1937 (abstract). FRIS/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2007–2010. Yellen, Jeremy

    Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

    Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

    Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere

  • Minzoku-ha
  • Japanese political faction

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Minzoku-ha

    Minzoku-ha

  • February 26 incident
  • 1936 coup d'état attempt in Japan

    decided that the two must die. They were sentenced to death on 14 August 1937. The only significant military figure to be tried for involvement in the

    February 26 incident

    February 26 incident

    February_26_incident

  • Japan during World War II
  • against civilians were committed, most notably the Sook Ching and the Nanjing Massacre, and the use of around 200,000 "comfort women", who were forced

    Japan during World War II

    Japan_during_World_War_II

  • The Good Man of Nanking
  • Diaries by John Rabe

    who lived in Nanjing at the time of the Nanjing Massacre in 1937–1938. The book contains the diaries that Rabe kept during the Nanjing Massacre, writing

    The Good Man of Nanking

    The Good Man of Nanking

    The_Good_Man_of_Nanking

  • Karafuto Prefecture
  • Territory of Japan from 1905 to 1945

    replaced with Koreans. With the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, their population would increase substantially. On November 17 1906, a 42

    Karafuto Prefecture

    Karafuto Prefecture

    Karafuto_Prefecture

  • East Hebei Autonomous Government
  • Japanese puppet/buffer state in northern China from 1935 to 1938

    Song Zheyuan's Hebei-Chahar Political Government, which was under the Nanjing government, launched on 18 December 1935. Chinese soldiers remained in

    East Hebei Autonomous Government

    East Hebei Autonomous Government

    East_Hebei_Autonomous_Government

  • Reformed Government of the Republic of China
  • Puppet government controlled by Japan

    After the retreat of Kuomintang forces from Nanjing in 1938, and from their defeat in the Battle of Nanjing, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters

    Reformed Government of the Republic of China

    Reformed Government of the Republic of China

    Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China

  • Type 93 heavy machine gun
  • Heavy machine gun, anti-aircraft cannon

    the original on 2021-10-27. Lai, Benjamin (29 Jun 2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Campaign 309. Osprey Publishing. p. 26. ISBN 9781472817495

    Type 93 heavy machine gun

    Type 93 heavy machine gun

    Type_93_heavy_machine_gun

  • The Eternal Zero
  • 2006 novel by Naoki Hyakuta

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    The Eternal Zero

    The_Eternal_Zero

  • China in the Second Sino-Japanese War
  • Appleman Williams states. From December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS Panay and the Nanjing Massacre swung public opinion in the West

    China in the Second Sino-Japanese War

    China in the Second Sino-Japanese War

    China_in_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War

  • John Magee (missionary)
  • American priest in China (1884–1953)

    civilians by Japanese soldiers during the Nanjing Massacre in December 1937. Magee's films were smuggled out of Nanjing; copies were shown to members of the

    John Magee (missionary)

    John Magee (missionary)

    John_Magee_(missionary)

  • Ryōhei Uchida
  • Japanese ultra-nationalist, Pan-Asianist, and martial artist

    Ryōhei Uchida (内田 良平, Uchida Ryōhei; 11 February 1873 – 26 July 1937) was a Japanese ultranationalist political activist, martial artist, and continental

    Ryōhei Uchida

    Ryōhei Uchida

    Ryōhei_Uchida

  • State of Burma
  • Puppet state of the Empire of Japan from 1943–1945

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    State of Burma

    State of Burma

    State_of_Burma

  • 15 cm sFH 18
  • Howitzer

    Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-480-8. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1751-8

    15 cm sFH 18

    15 cm sFH 18

    15_cm_sFH_18

  • List of Nanjing Massacre memorials
  • burial sites. Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre Lu, Suping (December 6, 2019). The 1937 – 1938 Nanjing Atrocities.

    List of Nanjing Massacre memorials

    List of Nanjing Massacre memorials

    List_of_Nanjing_Massacre_memorials

  • Nationalist government
  • Government led by the Kuomintang from 1925–1948 in mainland China

    Japanese invasion (1937–1945), and the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949), with central authority strongest during the Nanjing Decade (1927–1937), when most of

    Nationalist government

    Nationalist government

    Nationalist_government

  • Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun
  • Heavy machine gun

     7. ISBN 978-1-8460-3091-8. Lai, Benjamin (29 Jun 2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Campaign 309. Osprey Publishing. p. 26. ISBN 9781472817495

    Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun

    Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun

    Hotchkiss_13.2_mm_machine_gun

  • Japanese mythology
  • Body of myths originating in Japan

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Japanese mythology

    Japanese mythology

    Japanese_mythology

  • Culture of Japan
  • states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Culture of Japan

    Culture of Japan

    Culture_of_Japan

  • Meiji Restoration
  • 1868 return to imperial rule in Japan

    Vries (2019). Averting a Great Divergence: State and Economy in Japan, 1868–1937. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 117–119. ISBN 9781350121683. Zimmermann, Erich

    Meiji Restoration

    Meiji Restoration

    Meiji_Restoration

  • Japan First Party
  • Political party in Japan

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Japan First Party

    Japan First Party

    Japan_First_Party

  • Masanobu Tsuji
  • Japanese officer in WWII, war criminal

    as far as Sinkiang. He served as a staff officer in the Kwantung Army in 1937–1939. His aggressive and insubordinate attitude exacerbated the Soviet–Japanese

    Masanobu Tsuji

    Masanobu Tsuji

    Masanobu_Tsuji

  • Second Sino-Japanese War
  • 1937–1945 conflict in East Asia

    Battle of Shanghai, the Japanese captured the capital of Nanjing in 1937 and perpetrated the Nanjing Massacre. After failing to stop the Japanese capture

    Second Sino-Japanese War

    Second Sino-Japanese War

    Second_Sino-Japanese_War

  • Gen'yōsha
  • Influential Pan-Asianist group and secret society active in the Empire of Japan

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Gen'yōsha

    Gen'yōsha

    Gen'yōsha

  • Han Xianglin
  • Chinese humanitarian

    韩湘琳) was a Chinese humanitarian and a prominent role during the Nanjing Massacre (1937–1938). He was born in Linzi County, Shandong Province, and graduated

    Han Xianglin

    Han Xianglin

    Han_Xianglin

  • Yoshio Kodama
  • Japanese ultranationalist and organized crime power broker

    under Major Masanobu Tsuji at the China Expeditionary Army Headquarters in Nanjing. He was dismissed in mid-1941 due to Army Minister Hideki Tojo's antipathy

    Yoshio Kodama

    Yoshio Kodama

    Yoshio_Kodama

  • Japanese militarism
  • Militaristic ideology espoused by the Empire of Japan (1873–1945)

    Japan captures Beiping (July 31). Japanese troops occupy Nanjing (December 13), beginning the Nanjing massacre. 1938: Battle of Taierzhuang (March 24). Canton

    Japanese militarism

    Japanese militarism

    Japanese_militarism

  • Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
  • Japanese political party

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)

    Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)

    Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)

  • Chen Gongbo
  • Chinese politician (1892–1946)

    Legislative Yuan. After nominal rule over Shanghai was turned over to the Nanjing Nationalist Government by Japan in November 1940, Chen was appointed mayor

    Chen Gongbo

    Chen Gongbo

    Chen_Gongbo

  • Kokutai
  • Japanese political concept

    doctrine of kokutai was not codified until much later (for example, in the 1937 Kokutai no Hongi). Katō Hiroyuki (1836–1916) and Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835–1901)

    Kokutai

    Kokutai

    Kokutai

  • Solothurn ST-5
  • Anti-aircraft cannon

    Solothurn ST-5 AA gun was captured by the Japanese Imperial Army in Nanjing, 1937. Type Anti-aircraft cannon Service history Used by Nazi Germany Wars

    Solothurn ST-5

    Solothurn ST-5

    Solothurn_ST-5

  • Kuniaki Koiso
  • Japanese general, prime minister from 1944 to 1945

    Chōsen Army in Korea from December 1935. Promoted to full general in November 1937, he joined the Army General Staff in July 1938. Koiso left active duty in

    Kuniaki Koiso

    Kuniaki Koiso

    Kuniaki_Koiso

  • Manila massacre
  • 1945 massacre in the Philippines by Japan

    Manila (1945) Bataan Death March De La Salle Brothers Philippine District Nanjing Massacre Philippine War Crimes Commission Connaughton, R., Pimlott, J.

    Manila massacre

    Manila massacre

    Manila_massacre

  • Bushido: The Soul of Japan
  • 1899 book by Inazo Nitobe

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Bushido: The Soul of Japan

    Bushido: The Soul of Japan

    Bushido:_The_Soul_of_Japan

  • Conservatism in Japan
  • committed during the Imperial era (1868–1945), most notably its denial of the Nanjing and Kantō Massacres, making pseudohistorical claims that such events did

    Conservatism in Japan

    Conservatism_in_Japan

  • Sonnō jōi
  • Nationalist slogan in 1850s Japan

    states of empire Burma China Beijing East Hebei Manchukuo Mengjiang Nanjing 1937 1940 Shanghai India Kampuchea Korea Luang Prabang Philippines South Sakhalin

    Sonnō jōi

    Sonnō jōi

    Sonnō_jōi

  • Kōki Hirota
  • Prime Minister of Japan from 1936 to 1937

    diplomat and politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1936 to 1937. He was executed for war crimes committed during the Second Sino-Japanese

    Kōki Hirota

    Kōki Hirota

    Kōki_Hirota

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  • Canning
  • Boy/Male

    French

    Canning

    Church official.

    Canning

  • Ranjini
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu

    Ranjini

    Delightful, One who entertains others, One who brings Joy to others, Pleasant and charming

    Ranjini

  • Banaing
  • Boy/Male

    British, English

    Banaing

    Son of the Slayer

    Banaing

  • Canning
  • Surname or Lastname

    Irish

    Canning

    Irish : variant of Cannan.English : habitational name from a place in Wiltshire called Cannings, apparently named with the Old English byname Cana (of uncertain origin) + -ingas ‘people of’.

    Canning

  • Nandini
  • Girl/Female

    Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional

    Nandini

    Bestower of Joy; Goddess Durga; A Holy Cow; One who Brings Joy; Fathers Daughter Bestower of Joy; Innocence; Beautiful; Waste of Joy; Ganga; Fathers Daughter; Daughter who Brings Joy

    Nandini

  • Fanning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Fanning

    English : variant of Fenning.

    Fanning

  • Nandini
  • Girl/Female

    Hindi

    Nandini

    A cow.

    Nandini

  • Manring
  • Surname or Lastname

    English and Irish

    Manring

    English and Irish : reduced form of Mannering.

    Manring

  • Ranjini
  • Girl/Female

    Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu

    Ranjini

    Pleasing

    Ranjini

  • Manning
  • Boy/Male

    English American

    Manning

    Son of a hero.

    Manning

  • Ranjina
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu

    Ranjina

    Delightful, One who entertains others, One who brings Joy to others, Pleasant and charming

    Ranjina

  • Ranjina
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian

    Ranjina

    Pleasant and Charming

    Ranjina

  • Nandini
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu

    Nandini

    A holy cow, Bestowed of Joy, In Hindu mythology, The name refers to Goddess Ganga and Goddess durga.nandini also means adhishakti

    Nandini

  • Lanning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (Dorset and Somerset)

    Lanning

    English (Dorset and Somerset) : unexplained.Dutch : patronymic from a short form of the personal name Julianus (see Julian).

    Lanning

  • Lansing
  • Surname or Lastname

    Dutch

    Lansing

    Dutch : patronymic from the personal name Lans (Germanic Lanzo).English : habitational name from Lancing in West Sussex, so named from an Old English personal name Wlanc + -ingas ‘family or followers of’.This was the most frequent name in New Netherland in the 17th century. Among others, Gerrit Frederickse Lansing and his wife, Elizabeth Hendrix, came to America with their European-born children during the late 1640s. There is a waterway near Utica, NY called Lansingkill, named for a family with this surname.

    Lansing

  • Laning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Laning

    English : variant spelling of Lanning.

    Laning

  • Manning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Manning

    English : patronymic from Mann 1 and 2.Irish : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó Mainnín ‘descendant of Mainnín’, probably an assimilated form of Mainchín, a diminutive of manach ‘monk’. This is the name of a chieftain family in Connacht. It is sometimes pronounced Ó Maingín and Anglicized as Mangan.Anstice Manning, widow of Richard Manning of Dartmouth, England, came to MA with her children in 1679. Her great-great-grandson Robert, born at Salem, MA, in 1784, was the uncle and protector of author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Another early bearer of the relatively common British name was Jeffrey Manning, one of the earliest settlers in Piscataway township, Middlesex Co., NJ. His great-grandson James Manning (1738–91) was a founder and the first president of Rhode Island College (Brown University).

    Manning

  • Banning
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Banning

    English : unexplained.German : patronymic from a personal name formed with Ban- ‘decree’, ‘command’ or Band- ‘band’, ‘tie’.

    Banning

  • Landing
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Landing

    English : unexplained.

    Landing

  • Banning
  • Boy/Male

    Gaelic English Anglo Saxon

    Banning

    Little blond one.

    Banning

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