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Iterative optimization method
The MM algorithm is an iterative optimization method which exploits the convexity of a function in order to find its maxima or minima. The MM stands for
MM_algorithm
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up MM, Mm, mm., m.m., or MM. in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. MM or variants may refer to: MM (album), 1989, by Marisa Monte Maelzel's metronome
MM
Iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates in statistical models
In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates
Expectation–maximization algorithm
Expectation–maximization_algorithm
Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenario
Minimax (sometimes Minmax, MM or saddle point) is a decision rule used in artificial intelligence, decision theory, combinatorial game theory, statistics
Minimax
Algorithm for caching data
policies (also known as cache replacement algorithms or cache algorithms) are optimizing instructions or algorithms which a computer program or hardware-maintained
Cache_replacement_policies
Decimal error detection code
The Verhoeff algorithm is a checksum for error detection first published by Dutch mathematician Jacobus Verhoeff in 1969. It was the first decimal check
Verhoeff_algorithm
Economic model of personal preferences
doi:10.1080/10618600.2012.638220. Hunter, David R. (February 2004). "MM algorithms for generalized Bradley-Terry models". The Annals of Statistics. 32
Random_utility_model
search algorithms which builds up penalties during a search Reactive search optimization (RSO) — the algorithm adapts its parameters automatically MM algorithm
List of numerical analysis topics
List_of_numerical_analysis_topics
Statistical model for pairwise comparisons
sciences) Softmax function Thurstonian model Hunter, David R. (2004). "MM algorithms for generalized Bradley–Terry models". The Annals of Statistics. 32
Bradley–Terry_model
Branch of chemistry
QM/MM) are increasingly used to tackle large biomolecular systems. The following list illustrates the impact of computational complexity on algorithms used
Computational_chemistry
Medical condition
identified on MRI and those that were only discovered during surgery, was 6 mm. IPSS (inferior petrosal sinus sampling) or BIPSS (bilateral IPSS) is a more
Cushing's_disease
Medical condition
with QRS polarity, in any lead with max (R|S) voltage ≤6 mm (0.6 mV). The BARCELONA algorithm attained the highest sensitivity (95%), significantly higher
Left_bundle_branch_block
Algorithm in numerical analysis
In numerical analysis, the Kahan summation algorithm, also known as compensated summation, significantly reduces the numerical error in the total obtained
Kahan_summation_algorithm
Category of routing problem minimizing total distance and time
et al. 2002) and waste collection (Lacomme et al. 2004). The best MM K_WRPP algorithm was very close to the minimum solution with 2 and 3 vehicles, less
Arc_routing
Algorithm for virtual memory implementation
system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithms decide which memory pages to page out, sometimes called swap out, or write
Page_replacement_algorithm
Chinese video-focused social media platform
mental health concerns, misinformation, offensive content, addictive algorithm, its role during the Gaza war, and, following its 2026 divestiture in
TikTok
Tree-based ensemble machine learning methods
decision trees' habit of overfitting to their training set. The first algorithm for random decision forests was created in 1995 by Tin Kam Ho using the
Random_forest
Matrix decomposition
eigenvalue problem such as 𝐌𝐌∗, 𝐌∗𝐌, or [𝟎𝐌𝐌∗𝟎]. The approaches that use eigenvalue decompositions are based on the QR algorithm, which is well-developed
Singular_value_decomposition
Symptoms from excessive exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol
necessary. In many cases, the tumors causing Cushing's disease are less than 2 mm in size and difficult to detect using MRI or CT imaging. In one study of 261
Cushing's_syndrome
Formal language and associated computer program
detailed example of how this algorithm works. Steps 1 and 2 of the theorem 2p2e4 in the Metamath Proof Explorer (set.mm) are depicted left. Let's explain
Metamath
Algorithm to calculate the day of the week
In this algorithm January and February are counted as months 13 and 14 of the previous year. E.g. if it is 2 February 2026 (02/02/2026 in DD/MM/YYYY),
Zeller's_congruence
Windows application for AOL cracking
This generator worked by exploiting the algorithm used by credit card companies known as the Luhn algorithm to dynamically generate apparently legitimate
AOHell
Search engine from Google
applications, with results indexed by PageRank and other proprietary algorithms. Its homepage is recognized for its minimalist design, with the Google
Google_Search
Social platform
and algorithmic choice as core features of Bluesky. The platform offers a "marketplace of algorithms" where users can choose or create algorithmic feeds
Bluesky
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
match pattern in text. Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find" or "find and replace" operations on strings, or for input validation
Regular_expression
Identification of a specific day
same time zone. Thus dates can be sorted using simple string comparison algorithms, and indeed by any left to right collation. For example: 2003-02-28 (28
Calendar_date
Density-based data clustering algorithm
clustering algorithm proposed by Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander, and Xiaowei Xu in 1996. It is a density-based clustering algorithm that does
DBSCAN
Collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems
swarm robotics while swarm intelligence refers to the more general set of algorithms. Swarm prediction has been used in the context of forecasting problems
Swarm_intelligence
Line of smartwatches
Series 1–3 38 mm and 42 mm case sizes are compatible with the Series 4–6 40 mm and 44 mm cases, as well as the Series 7 41 mm and 45 mm cases, respectively
Apple_Watch
Camera model
that is one stop faster, f/2.8 vs. f/4.0, 24.2 vs. 16.6 mm (35 mm equivalent of 41 mm vs 28 mm) and a faster processing chip, the True II image processor
Sigma_DP2
Mathematical method of assigning a prior probability to a given observation
In algorithmic information theory, algorithmic probability, also known as Solomonoff probability, is a mathematical method of assigning a prior probability
Algorithmic_probability
Genre of card games
Glossary of patience and solitaire terms Patience sorting, a computer algorithm named after the card game genre See e.g. Parlett (1979) and Morehead &
Solitaire
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
redundancy (it expands the message without adding information) and the algorithm is based on cyclic codes. CRCs are popular because they are simple to
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
feature pairs the alpha 11 AI processor with a Light Boosting Algorithm. This algorithm analyzes individual image frames to apply localized contrast enhancement
OLED
Failure of the heart to provide sufficient blood flow throughout the body
pressures". The European Society of Cardiology has developed a diagnostic algorithm for HFpEF, named HFA-PEFF. HFA-PEFF considers symptoms and signs, typical
Heart_failure
Pelvic pain due to compression of the pudendal nerve
MJ; Galé, I; Fernando, J (23 July 2021). "Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome". Medicina Clinica. 157 (2): 71–78
Pudendal_nerve_entrapment
2021 smartphone by Apple
from a filter because it works intelligently with the image processing algorithm during capture to apply local adjustments to an image and the effects
IPhone_13
Semiconductor light source
sensitive that it would cause false positives. The particle-counting algorithm used in the device converted raw data into information by counting the
Light-emitting_diode
American multinational technology company
applications, with results indexed by PageRank and other proprietary algorithms. Its homepage is recognized for its minimalist design, with the Google
Computer graphics output device
plotter attached to an IBM 1401 was used to develop Bresenham's line algorithm in 1962. John Canaday (August 30, 1970). "Art". The New York Times. The
Calcomp_plotter
Number to represent one's identity as a numerical code
the second 5001, etc.) The checksum digit is calculated using the Luhn algorithm or its equivalent, shown below: X1 = the sum of the digits in the ID number's
National identification number
National_identification_number
Integrated circuit card for mobile devices
digits long, including a single check digit calculated using the Luhn algorithm. However, the GSM Phase 1 defined the ICCID length as an opaque data field
SIM_card
Evolutionary algorithm with a defined structure
Evolutionary programming is an evolutionary algorithm, where a share of the new population is created by mutating the previous population without crossover
Evolutionary_programming
Relational database management system, first implementation of SQL
decisions in System R, as well as some fundamental algorithm choices (such as the dynamic programming algorithm used in query optimization), influenced many
IBM_System_R
Space Odyssey character
in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL (Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer) is a sentient general-intelligence computer that controls the
HAL_9000
Geology of a Spanish archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean
ISBN 978-3-031-25042-2. Gómez-Fernández, F. (2000). "Application of a GIS algorithm to delimit the areas protected against basic lava flow invasion on Tenerife
Geology_of_the_Canary_Islands
Fibrosis of lungs due to unknown causes
intelligence have been developed to help with diagnosis. A deep learning algorithm for categorizing high-resolution CT images reported high accuracy and
Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis
Chinese automobile manufacturer
debuted with the BYD Han. DiPilot consisted of DiTrainer, a big data algorithm that can learn the driver's driving habits, and DiDAS, the core ADAS feature
BYD_Auto
Methods in geodesy
they are accurate to within 0.5 mm (0.020 in) on the Earth ellipsoid. Vincenty's goal was to express existing algorithms for geodesics on an ellipsoid in
Vincenty's_formulae
Semi-submersible offshore drilling rig
models: Bühlmann decompression algorithm Haldane's decompression model Reduced gradient bubble model Thalmann algorithm Thermodynamic model of decompression
Byford_Dolphin
Electric mid-size sedan
over the next weekend, released an OTA update for the anti-lock braking algorithm. Consumer Reports, impressed with the prompt OTA update, verified the
Tesla_Model_3
Analog videocassette recording format
other competing tape standards. The cassettes themselves use a 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) magnetic tape between two spools and typically offer a capacity of at least
VHS
Aesthetic assessment of physical traits
the "agreed-upon standards of attractiveness" of an ideal face by using algorithms to suggest an alternative which still resembles the current face. One
Physical_attractiveness
Alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies a bank account in any participating country
They have also published the JavaScript source code of the verification algorithm. An English language IBAN checker for ECBS member country bank accounts
International Bank Account Number
International_Bank_Account_Number
AGATA gamma-ray detector
segmentation of individual HPGe crystals and refined pulse-shape analysis algorithms, and high detection efficiency and peak-to-total ratio thanks to elimination
AGATA_(gamma-ray_detector)
Mathematical problem set on a chessboard
published a highly detailed description of a depth-first backtracking algorithm. The problem of finding all solutions to the 8-queens problem can be quite
Eight_queens_puzzle
South Korean long-range multiple launch rocket system
ammunition. This includes 227 mm standard MLRS, but also 131 mm and 239 mm South Korean rockets. The maximum range of the 131 mm ammunition is up to 36 kilometers
K239_Chunmoo
Global system of connected computer networks
network. Malware can be designed to evade antivirus software detection algorithms. The vast majority of computer surveillance involves the monitoring of
Internet
Method to classify an ankle fracture
diagnostic algorithm for Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle injuries". Radiographics. 32 (2): E71–E84. doi:10.1148/rg.322115017. PMID 22411951. Cao MM, Zhang
Lauge-Hansen_classification
Examination of the heart's electrical activity
image at 25mm/sec (or 40ms per mm): A small box is 1 mm × 1 mm and represents 0.1 mV × 0.04 seconds. A large box is 5 mm × 5 mm and represents 0.5 mV × 0.20
Electrocardiography
Arrangement of keys on a typographic keyboard
layout, designed for stylus use, was developed by IBM using the Metropolis Algorithm to mathematically minimize the movement necessary to spell words in English
Keyboard_layout
(often tar zip) using Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm 1F A0 ␟⍽ 0 z tar.z Compressed file (often tar zip) using LZH algorithm 2D 6C 68 30 2D -lh0- 2 lzh Lempel Ziv
List_of_file_signatures
Medication for pain and fever
League Against Rheumatism for hand osteoarthritis. Similarly, the ESCEO algorithm for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis recommends limiting the use of
Paracetamol
U.S. state
Garcia-Castellanos, D.; U. Lombardo (2007). "Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth" (PDF). Scottish Geographical Journal
South_Dakota
Chinese multi-purpose mobile app
which claimed that WeChat monitors foreign chats to hone its censorship algorithms. On 14 August 2020, Radio Free Asia reported that in 2019, Gao Zhigang
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome: proposal of a model and algorithm for patients presenting with the primary symptom of chronic widespread
Fibromyalgia
Genetic technique for identifying organisms in mixed samples
operational taxonomic unit (MOTU) is a group identified through use of cluster algorithms and a predefined percentage sequence similarity, for example, 97%)). Then
Metabarcoding
Leap week calendar system
Friday. The day of the week for these days are related to the "Doomsday" algorithm, which calculates the weekday that the last day of February falls on.
ISO_week_date
Pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries
in an adult is under 120/80 mmHg according to the AHA and ACC, and under 120/70 mmHg according to the ESC, and over 90/60 mmHg, though low blood pressure
Blood_pressure
Generalized alphabetical order
computerized sorting of dates easier by avoiding the need for a separate sorting algorithm. The monoid of words over an alphabet A is the free monoid over A. That
Lexicographic_order
Entertainment venue in the Las Vegas Valley, United States
spatial locations, regardless of the actual positions of speakers. Software algorithms compensate for any transmission loss caused by the obstruction from the
Sphere_(venue)
Finnish health technology company
reflected through the skin, changes in the reflection are analyzed by an algorithm developed by the company. The collected data is then transmitted via Bluetooth
Oura_Health
Audio compression technologies
(MDCT), a lossy audio compression algorithm. It is a modification of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm, which was proposed by Nasir Ahmed
Dolby_Digital
Cold War-era American supersonic bomber
Thunderbirds as spacecraft or futuristic aircraft. Aviation portal CORDIC algorithm (a digital resolver for Convair's navigation computers CORDIC I and II)
Convair_B-58_Hustler
American-Sri Lankan mathematician, technologist, researcher and data scientist
intelligence algorithm designs for human presence and gesture detection with mmWave radar systems. He developed and designed systems algorithms that could
Yasantha_Rajakarunanayake
3D computer graphics software
is broken with Nvidia's NVLink. The integrator is the core rendering algorithm used for lighting computations. Cycles currently supports a path tracing
Blender_(software)
South Korean main battle tank
Detection and Tracking System controlled by the Automatic Target Recognition algorithm. When the target is identified as a foe by the IFF/SIF (Identification
K2_Black_Panther
Medical imaging procedure
angles are then processed on a computer using tomographic reconstruction algorithms to produce tomographic (cross-sectional) images (virtual "slices") of
CT_scan
2020 film by Christopher Nolan
Later in Oslo, Priya tells him Sator now has all nine pieces of the Algorithm, a device future antagonists need to invert the world's entropy to destroy
Tenet
being, these were quickly applied to digital signal processing using algorithms for improving radar performance. Other advances in radar systems and applications
History_of_radar
American computer scientist (1936–2023)
Cliffs, N.J., 1979, 200 pages. Discrete Optimization Algorithms: With Pascal Programs (with M.M. Syslo and J. S. Kowalik), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Narsingh_Deo
Overview of the events of 2022 in science
13 May 2022. "Undetectable Backdoors Plantable In Any Machine-Learning Algorithm". IEEE Spectrum. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022. Goldwasser, Shafi;
April–June_2022_in_science
Line of smartphones by Apple
announced plans to scan iCloud Photos for child abuse imagery (through an algorithm called "NeuralHash"), and to filter explicit images sent and received
IPhone
Overview of the events of 2020 in science
events at the time. Researchers report to have developed a predictive algorithm which can show in visualizations how combinations of genetic mutations
April–June_2020_in_science
Berthing mechanism used to connect ISS modules
context, verification by technical or mathematical models or simulation, algorithms, charts, or circuit diagrams, and representative data. Contrast with Demonstration
Common_Berthing_Mechanism
Perception of meaningful patterns or images in random or vague stimuli
auditory pareidolia. In 1995, the psychologist Diana Deutsch invented an algorithm for producing phantom words and phrases with the sounds coming from two
Pareidolia
Error-correcting codes
correct up to t erasures at locations that are known and provided to the algorithm, or it can detect and correct combinations of errors and erasures. Reed–Solomon
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
created the standard in 1992, based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm. JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG/Exif
JPEG
Competition to develop SHA-3
Function" (PDF). Retrieved December 11, 2008. John Washburn. "WaMM: A Candidate Algorithm for the SHA-3 Competition" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
NIST hash function competition
NIST_hash_function_competition
Computes the sum of a list of numbers
A summation algorithm is an algorithm that computes the sum of a finite list of numbers ∑L[i]. It is especially relevant in floating-point arithmetic
Summation_algorithm
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
wish to explore cybersecurity issues, artificial life and evolutionary algorithms. In response, an industry of antivirus software has cropped up, selling
Computer_virus
Spore-forming organisms
with ganglia – that is, simple brains." The slime mold algorithm is a meta-heuristic algorithm, based on the behavior of aggregated slime molds as they
Slime_mold
Borough in New York City and county in New York State
(18 m) wide, with about 200 feet (61 m) between streets. The address algorithm of Manhattan is used to estimate the closest east–west cross street for
Manhattan
Battery electric mid-size SUV
windshield. Xiaomi claims that clamshell hood, which measures 1,960 mm × 1,587 mm (77.2 in × 62.5 in), is the largest aluminium hood on a mass-produced
Xiaomi_YU7
German Main Battle Tank
hull of the Leopard 2A4, but with a new turret mounting an autoloaded 130 mm main gun. On 5 December 2022, Rheinmetall announced its plans to target mostly
Panther_KF51
Metabolic disease involving abnormal deposited amyloid proteins
2021). "Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis diagnosis and treatment algorithm 2021". Blood Cancer Journal. 11 (5) 90. doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00483-7
Amyloidosis
Trauma to the body without penetration of the skin
occur allows for mild deviations from the traditional trauma treatment algorithms, such as ATLS, due to the greater precision in identifying the mechanism
Blunt_trauma
Line of ultraportable notebook computers by Apple
structure in a machined aluminum case and either a 13 or 15 in (330 or 380 mm) screen. The MacBook Air's lower prices relative to the larger, higher performance
MacBook_Air
2022 smartphone by Apple
from a filter because it works intelligently with the image processing algorithm during capture to apply local adjustments to an image, and the effects
IPhone_14
Central nervous system stimulant
time [supplementation] with zinc is not integrated in any ADHD treatment algorithm. Scholze P, Nørregaard L, Singer EA, Freissmuth M, Gether U, Sitte HH
Amphetamine
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance