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Cognitive phenomenon in reading
In cognitive psychology, the missing letter effect refers to the finding that, when people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading
Missing_letter_effect
auditory effect Misinformation effect Missing letter effect Modality effect Mozart effect Munchausen syndrome Naive realism Name-letter effect Near-miss
List_of_psychological_effects
(psychological theories) Missing letter effect (perception) (psychometrics) Misnay–Schardin effect (explosives) Mohring effect (microeconomics) (transportation)
List_of_effects
First letter of the Latin alphabet
A (minuscule: a) is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its
A
between high and low frequency words. Word lists by frequency tf–idf Missing letter effect Zipf's law Processing Fluency Daniel Smilek; Scott Sinnett; Alan
Word_frequency_effect
Better recognition of letters if in words
weight if they neglected to focus on the full word. Tachistoscope Missing letter effect Falikman, M. V. (2011). "Word superiority effects across the varieties
Word_superiority_effect
Twenty-first letter in many Semitic alphabets
penultimate letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician šīn 𐤔, Hebrew šīn ש, Aramaic šīn 𐡔, Syriac šīn ܫ, and Arabic sīn س. The Phoenician letter gave
Shin_(letter)
Uppercase or lowercase
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (more formally
Letter_case
Short story by Edgar Allan Poe
cheap card-rack with a dirty, half-torn letter in one of its slots. Dupin determined that this was the missing letter, which D— had folded inside-out, re-addressed
The_Purloined_Letter
Document issued by a financial institution
A letter of credit (LC), also known as a documentary credit or bankers commercial credit, or letter of undertaking (LoU), is a payment mechanism used
Letter_of_credit
This is a list of solved missing person cases in the 2020s. List of solved missing person cases (post-2000) "Keane Mulready-Woods Murder Trial Adjourned
List of solved missing person cases (2020s)
List_of_solved_missing_person_cases_(2020s)
Surgical or chemical action that removes use of testicles
Children Yakoob Beg. "THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN.; CASE OF THE KINGMA CHILDREN—LETTER FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT". The New York Times. New York. 20 March 1880
Castration
1897 letter written by Oscar Wilde
De Profundis (Latin: "from the depths") is a letter written by Oscar Wilde during his imprisonment in Reading Gaol, to his friend and lover Lord Alfred
De_Profundis_(letter)
American member of the British royal family (born 1981)
the publication of a letter she had sent to her father. Thomas Markle Sr. had provided the publisher with excerpts of the letter after five of his daughter's
Meghan,_Duchess_of_Sussex
Development of a mechanized state of mind
(antonym) (Einstellung effect as a) wrong working hypothesis Functional fixedness and the candle problem Law of the instrument Missing square puzzle (a typical
Einstellung_effect
American politician (born 1952)
was set to hold a vote on net neutrality, Collins and King sent the FCC a letter asking that the vote be postponed to allow public hearings on the merits
Susan_Collins
2007 studio album by Gotthard
Domino Effect is the eighth studio album released by the hard rock band Gotthard. The album peaked at #1 on the Swiss charts and was certified as Platinum
Domino Effect (Gotthard album)
Domino_Effect_(Gotthard_album)
Extra-short duration of a speech sound (usually a vowel)
vowel letter, as in eye [aɪ̯]. It is also sometimes used for any flap consonants missing dedicated symbols in the IPA, since a flap is in effect a very
Extra-shortness
American media personality (born 1980)
FactCheckArmenia.com denying the Armenian genocide. In April 2021, Kardashian wrote a letter to President Joe Biden thanking him for officially recognizing the Armenian
Kim_Kardashian
Forged document by the Daily Mail
The Zinoviev letter was a forged document published and sensationalised by the Daily Mail newspaper four days before the 1924 United Kingdom general election
Zinoviev_letter
Set of letters used to write a given language
International Phonetic Alphabet. Abecedarium Alphabet book Alphabet effect Fingerspelling Pangram Letter symbolism Pulgram, Ernst (1951). "Phoneme and Grapheme: A
Alphabet
American inventor and businessman (1955–2011)
while he was alive, he left a letter for Jobs to be opened upon his death. As he died soon afterwards, Jobs was given the letter which stated that "his mother
Steve_Jobs
American photographer and environmentalist (1902–1984)
portrait of a U.S. president. During this occasion, Adams gave Carter a letter containing two memoranda. One advocated placing Big Sur under federal protection
Ansel_Adams
Video game franchise
"Kingdom Hearts Missing-Link Android Beta Delayed". Siliconera. Retrieved March 15, 2025. Romano, Sal (November 18, 2024). "Kingdom Hearts Missing-Link delayed
Kingdom_Hearts
English brothers, sculptors and installation artists
a work of art. Proceeds went to the Missing Tom Fund set up by Moore to find his brother Tom who has been missing for over ten years. The work was also
Jake_and_Dinos_Chapman
Movement demanding sanctions against Israel
prominent Palestinian scholars published a letter calling for help from the "global civil society". The letter asked activists to demand that their governments
Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions
Peoples Temple cult settlement in Guyana, led by Jim Jones
open door to cooperation with the U.S. He followed up that meeting with a letter to Burnham stating that Jones was "one of the finest human beings" and that
Jonestown
spite of his co-stars having drunk from the same tainted bottle to no ill-effect. Mervin tries to regain contact with Solomon. 123 6 "Episode 6" Jamie Annett
List of Death in Paradise episodes
List_of_Death_in_Paradise_episodes
Social movement against sexual abuse and harassment
ReFrame and many others.'" In February 2019 actress Emma Thompson wrote a letter to the American production company Skydance Media, to explain that she had
MeToo_movement
Book of the New Testament
figures affirming the connection and modern scholars often viewing the letter as pseudepigraphic due to its sophisticated Greek, possible dependence on
Epistle_of_James
violence against the president are often made for rhetorical or humorous effect without serious intent, while credibly threatening the president of the
List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots
List_of_United_States_presidential_assassination_attempts_and_plots
Great Lakes freighter sunk in Lake Superior
vice admiral and president of the Lake Carriers Association (LCA), wrote a letter to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) on September 16, 1977
SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
have the right to stay in the closet as long as they want to. In an open letter to Thiel after losing the case, Gawker's Nick Denton accused Thiel of making
Peter_Thiel
1956 film by Cecil B. DeMille
Retrieved March 11, 2025. Birchard 2004, p. 351. "Cecil DeMille Signed Letter Archive. DeMille, Cecil B. [Fortunino Matania]". AbeBooks. Archived from
The Ten Commandments (1956 film)
The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)
American rapper
The album has spurred a half dozen singles, including "Human Spirit", "Letter To The Old Me", "The Unheard", "Protected", "Weight of Your Soul", and "Exit
Souleye_(hip-hop_artist)
American whistleblower (born 1983)
the 'Snowden Effect'". The Nation. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2014. Watson, Tom. "The Snowden Effect Hits Congress:
Edward_Snowden
2021 trial in the US Senate
Capitol. The letter stated that Trump's refusal to testify would support "a strong adverse inference" against Trump. The House's letter noted that there
Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump
Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump
Casualties of ongoing conflict since 2014
civilian casualties on both sides. The war also saw a large number of missing and captured individuals, and efforts to exchange prisoners between conflicting
Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Problem in historical fiction
The Tiffany problem or Tiffany effect refers to the issue where a historical or realistic fact seems anachronistic or unrealistic to modern audiences of
Tiffany_problem
Genre of dramatic works intended to be humorous
Surrealism in the arts. Surreal humour is the effect of illogic and absurdity being used for humorous effect. Under such premises, people can identify precursors
Comedy
Epic historical novel by Cormac McCarthy
Apocalyptic Novel." McCarthy began writing Blood Meridian in the mid-1970s. In a letter sent around 1979 he said that he had not touched Blood Meridian in six months
Blood_Meridian
Perception of meaningful patterns or images in random or vague stimuli
Charlotte's Islands. An account of the mission and people, with a descriptive letter from the Rev. Charles Harrison. p. 20 – via University of British Columbia
Pareidolia
Governor of California since 2019
Newsom sent Attorney General Jeff Sessions and President Donald Trump a letter urging them not to increase federal enforcement against recreational cannabis
Gavin_Newsom
American politician and military officer (born 1981)
and former Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller, signed a letter supporting her nomination. Vice President JD Vance and Secretary of State
Tulsi_Gabbard
Alphabet of the Hebrew language
holds that a single letter of unknown pronunciation, held by some to be the four-pronged shin on one side of the teffilin box, is missing from the current
Hebrew_alphabet
American federal holiday in November
and 1799. English Wikisource has original text related to this article: Letter to the Danbury Baptists As Thomas Jefferson was a deist and a skeptic of
Thanksgiving_(United_States)
English polymath (1819–1900)
to memory. Its language, imagery and parables had a profound and lasting effect on his writing. He later wrote: She read alternate verses with me, watching
John_Ruskin
Indigenous people of North Sentinel Island
3 in) tall, possibly because of insular dwarfism (the so-called "Island Effect"), nutrition, or simply genetic heritage. During a 2014 circumnavigation
Sentinelese
American actor (1970–1993)
Arlyn Phoenix (who later changed her name to Heart) published an open letter in the Los Angeles Times on her son's life and death. It read, in part:
River_Phoenix
American politician and attorney (born 1951)
in a letter to his constituents that he was leaving the Democratic Party and joining the Republicans, effective August 27, 2007. In his letter, he stated
John Kennedy (Louisiana politician)
John_Kennedy_(Louisiana_politician)
Subgenre of pornography
November 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2015. Jerry Barnett (20 February 2014). "Letter to MPs on Criminalising "Rape Porn"". Sex & Censorship. Ben Yates (4 April
Rape_pornography
Fear of the number 13
Raider: Chronicles. The episode "Grey 17 Is Missing" of the TV series Babylon 5 has a similar theme of a "missing" floor number actually containing a hidden
Triskaidekaphobia
1913–1927 novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust
Mme. Bontemps, who has a niece named Albertine. The Narrator hopes for a letter from Gilberte repairing their friendship, but gradually feels himself losing
In_Search_of_Lost_Time
Serbian-American engineer and inventor (1856–1943)
Tesla passed nine exams (nearly twice as many as required) and received a letter of commendation from the dean of the technical faculty to his father, which
Nikola_Tesla
American fiscally conservative movement (2007–2016)
Congressional Tea Party supporters had a negative effect compared to 22% thinking it was a positive effect. It noted that "[t]he new poll also finds that
Tea_Party_movement
American actress and singer (1987–2020)
on a project with Guillermo Díaz, directing a short film PSA about the effect of immigration on children and their parents. Díaz's part of the project
Naya_Rivera
American musician (born 1976)
musician best known for his work with The Get Up Kids, Reggie and the Full Effect and My Chemical Romance. He has also been involved in other musical projects
James_Dewees
Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–present)
unless a referendum was held within 14 days. He submitted his resignation letter on 7 August 2005, shortly before the Israeli cabinet voted 17 to 5 to approve
Benjamin_Netanyahu
Standard sizes of paper
Regional variations exist, such as the North American paper sizes (e.g., Letter, Legal, and Ledger) which are governed by the ANSI and are used in North
Paper_size
2010s diesel emissions scandal involving Volkswagen
explored the effect of the scandal on the secondary market in Israel. They report that the scandal had a statistically significant negative effect on the number
Volkswagen_emissions_scandal
President of Indonesia from 1945 to 1967
own armed forces. Soon afterwards, on 29 May, the "Gilchrist Letter" appeared. The letter was supposedly written by the British ambassador Andrew Gilchrist
Sukarno
release. Many of the cut scenes were later released as Twin Peaks: The Missing Pieces in 2014. The film was a box office bomb and widely panned by critics
List_of_Twin_Peaks_episodes
Illegal method for gain from release of prisoners
disguise the handwriting of the kidnapper, leading to the phrase ransom note effect being used to describe documents containing jarringly mixed fonts. An early
Ransom
Election of George W. Bush
suffered a drop in contributions. Mother Jones also cited a Public Citizen letter sent out to people interested in Nader's relation with the organization
2000 United States presidential election
2000_United_States_presidential_election
Russian opposition leader and activist (1976–2024)
sentence of 19 years on extremism charges. In December 2023, Navalny went missing from prison for almost three weeks. He re-emerged in an Arctic Circle corrective
Alexei_Navalny
1980 Italian horror film directed by Ruggero Deodato
into the Amazon rainforest to locate a crew of filmmakers that have gone missing while filming a documentary on local cannibal tribes. Produced as part
Cannibal_Holocaust
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
conditions is called the free-running period and is denoted by the Greek letter τ (tau). The rationale for this criterion is to distinguish circadian rhythms
Circadian_rhythm
19th-century expansionist belief in the U.S.
possible. On February 27, 1803, Jefferson wrote in a letter to William Henry Harrison: "but this letter being unofficial, & private, I may with safety give
Manifest_destiny
Anti-war organization
institutions. In September 2025, the Creative Community for Peace released an open letter rejecting the Film Workers for Palestine's pledge not to cooperate with
Film_Workers_for_Palestine
Violent tactic resulting in the attacker's intentional death
defendant's birth certificate was missing, the "expert" was ordered to estimate his age. Feinstein, Benjamin (1 April 1947). "Letter to: The President, Military
Suicide_attack
Student-led demonstrations in China
Liu Xiaobo and Hu Ping, one of CAD's leaders, jointly published an "Open Letter to Chinese University Students", urging protesters to unite, build on their
1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre
Russian and American actor (1920–1985)
Theatre. Many years later, Katerina Kornakova would help Brynner with her letter of recommendation asking Michael Chekhov to employ him in his theatre company
Yul_Brynner
American nonprofit
founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan published an open letter to their newborn daughter, announcing their intention to donate 99%+ of
GivingTuesday
expression related to the psychological and social anxiety effect for players concerned about missing the opportunity to obtain limited-time characters, items
Glossary_of_video_game_terms
Capital of England and the United Kingdom
and Determined in the Rolls Court. Saunders and Benning. The Inner London Letter Post. H.M.S.O. 1980. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-10-251580-0. "The Essex, Greater
London
1963–65 serial child killings in England
Johnson sent Hindley another letter, again pleading with her to assist police in finding the body of her son Keith. In the letter, Johnson was sympathetic
Moors_murders
Norwegian terrorist (born 1979)
skewed development in the boy". The SSBU wrote Child Welfare Services a letter claiming that an order should be placed to have Breivik removed by force
Anders_Behring_Breivik
Type of jury verdict in criminal trials
doctrine. See Gamble v. United States.) A jury verdict that is contrary to the letter of the law pertains only to the particular case before it; however, if a
Jury_nullification
Class of recreational drug
temporary retinal damage with habitual poppers use in certain users; in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine, an ophthalmologist described four
Poppers
Bilateral relations
Barbour delivered to him a first letter from President Kennedy. The letter was virtually a copy of the undelivered letter of June 15 to Ben-Gurion. As Yuval
Israel–United States relations
Israel–United_States_relations
still missing". The Guardian. Associated Press. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014. Maclean, Ruth (17 April 2014) Nigerian schoolgirls still missing after
History_of_slavery
name on the shirt of the batter's uniform is said to be "at the letters", "letter-high" or "chest-high". Slang expression of the action of a batted ball that
Glossary_of_baseball_terms
Current calendar year
Folketing. 2026 Iran war: Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs addresses in a letter to the United Nations that ships not tied to either the United States or
2026
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 64 printable characters
example, the letter 'M' has the value 77 (per ASCII and similar). The first 6 bits of the value is 010011 or 19 decimal which maps to Base64 letter 'T' which
Base64
1988 aircraft bombing over Scotland
comprehensive letter requesting a full inquiry from our group 'UK Families-Flight 103'. I am one of the signatories. I hope that the contents of this letter underline
Pan_Am_Flight_103
2025 novel by Stephen Graham Jones
missing family from San Francisco. The skinless man is revealed to be Benjamin Flowers; his three sons Archibald, Milo, and Arthur are also missing.
The_Buffalo_Hunter_Hunter
British politician (1912–1998)
for it all, which Powell believed to be the cause of inflation and, in effect, a form of taxation as the holders of money find their money is worth less
Enoch_Powell
British socialite and child sex trafficker (born 1961)
until his death in 1968. Elisabeth later reflected that the accident had an effect on the entire family, and surmised that Maxwell had shown signs of anorexia
Ghislaine_Maxwell
Genre of detective fiction
characteristics and structures, including the defeated sleuth, the purloined letter, and the missing person. The first theme of the defeated sleuth focuses on the armchair
Metaphysical_detective_story
Disney cartoon character
serving as the king and her husband. She, at the suggestion of a letter left by the missing King, sends Donald Duck and Goofy on their mission to find Mickey
Minnie_Mouse
American gangster and businessman (1899–1947)
instance; hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain
Al_Capone
King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, King of England and Ireland from 1603
being witches. After 1599, his views became more sceptical. In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on "the
James_VI_and_I
2003 film by Tommy Wiseau
installment of Amy Dickinson's advice column Ask Amy unwittingly featured a hoax letter that derived its situational premise from The Room and, even after being
The_Room
CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (NB. In compliance with the German Umweltinformationsgesetz [de] (UIG) this letter can be inspected on request
Skyshine
American politician (born 1940)
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid condemned the plan. They sent Bush a letter reading: [T]here is no purely military solution in Iraq. There is only a
Nancy_Pelosi
Electors of the U.S. president and vice president
Jimmy Carter wrote a letter of reform to Congress that also included his expression of abolishing the Electoral College. The letter read in part: My fourth
United States Electoral College
United_States_Electoral_College
Jewish rebellion against Roman rule (132–136 CE)
ideologically filtered, source for the revolt. He also provided details missing from Dio (whom he likely neither knew nor used as a source), such as naming
Bar_Kokhba_Revolt
English broadcaster and natural historian (born 1926)
badgers. Attenborough was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain
David_Attenborough
Law or rule that is not enforced
An unenforced law (also symbolic law, dead letter law) is a law which is formally in effect (de jure), but is usually (de facto) not penalized by a jurisdiction
Unenforced_law
Murders of eight men in Canada
and forensic services. Criticisms of the TPS's handling of the initial missing persons investigations led to several internal reviews, an external review
2010–2017 Toronto serial homicides
2010–2017_Toronto_serial_homicides
travel, tourism, insurance
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
MISSING LETTER-EFFECT
travel, tourism, insurance