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Highest radio frequency that can be used for skywave radio transmission
In radio transmission, maximum usable frequency (MUF) is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points on Earth by reflection
Maximum_usable_frequency
3–30 MHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
the frequencies at which communication is possible are specified by these parameters: Maximum usable frequency (MUF) Lowest usable high frequency (LUF)
High_frequency
Radio transmission term
impacts the LUF. Maximum usable frequency Frequency of optimum transmission Federal Standard 1037C "lowest usable high frequency (LUF) – ATIS Telecom Glossary"
Lowest_usable_high_frequency
Frequency response boundary
ionosphere. In this context, the term cutoff frequency refers to the maximum usable frequency, the frequency above which a radio wave fails to reflect off
Cutoff_frequency
frequency can be computed by: fc=MUF∗cosθ where MUF is maximum usable frequency and θ is the angle of incidence The dependence of critical frequency with
Critical_frequency
is normally just below the value of the maximum usable frequency (MUF). In the prediction of usable frequencies, the FOT is commonly taken as 15% below
Frequency of optimum transmission
Frequency_of_optimum_transmission
Geomagnetic storm indicator
propagation. The degradation mainly consists of a reduction of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) by as much as 50%. Sometimes the E-layer may be affected
K-index
Magnetic core on which the windings of electric transformers and inductors are formed
of choice is at 70 MHz. As any given blend has a trade-off of maximum usable frequency, versus a higher mu value, within each of these sub-groups, manufacturers
Ferrite_core
Propagation of radio waves beyond the radio horizon
again towards the ionosphere. When operating at frequencies just below the maximum usable frequency, losses can be quite small, so the radio signal may
Skywave
Type of radio-wave propagation
causing attenuation of low frequencies during the day while the maximum usable frequency (MUF) which is the critical frequency of the F layer rises with
Near vertical incidence skywave
Near_vertical_incidence_skywave
Term in wireless communications
Frequency of optimum transmission Link budget Lowest usable high frequency Maximum usable frequency Multipath propagation OFDM Rain fade Rayleigh fading
Fading
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
m3 and fcritical is in Hz. The Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) is defined as the upper frequency limit that can be used for transmission between two points
Ionosphere
Concept in radio transmission
Frequency deviation ( f Δ {\displaystyle f_{\Delta }} ) is used in FM radio to describe the difference between the minimum or maximum extent of a frequency
Frequency_deviation
channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each
List_of_WLAN_channels
Concept in statistics and wave theory
bandwidth as "width of frequency range where less than half the signal's power is attenuated", i.e., the power is at least half the maximum. In signal processing
Full_width_at_half_maximum
Amateur radio frequency band
by the International Radiotelegraph Convention in 1927. As the maximum usable frequency for long-distance communication seldom dips below 3.5 MHz anywhere
80-meter_band
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
variances. Changes in solar output affect the maximum usable frequency, a limit on the highest frequency usable for communications. Both long-term and short-term
Solar_cycle
New Zealand-born geophysicist
Base. Bullen, J. M. (1961). An analysis of estimated values of maximum usable frequency throughout a sunspot cycle and associated electron density trends
Jean_Maud_Bullen
Layer in ionosphere
this depends upon the frequency of a propagating signal. The E layer electron density and resultant MUF, maximum usable frequency, during high solar activity
F_region
Type of radio propagation
loss, as does the E-layer whose maximum usable frequency can rise to 4 MHz and above and thus block higher frequency signals from reaching the F2-layer
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximum amplitude response
Resonance
Frequency at which systems tend to oscillate
of systems, it is convenient to use the angular frequency ω = 2πf rather than the frequency f, or the complex frequency-domain parameter s = σ + ωi. In
Natural_frequency
Data communications modulation protocol
exactly half a carrier period. The maximum frequency deviation is δ = 0.25 fm, where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index
Frequency-shift_keying
Concept in the psychophysics of vision
to detect the flicker: the frequency of the modulation; the amplitude or depth of the modulation (i.e., what is the maximum percent decrease in the illumination
Flicker_fusion_threshold
Type of radio propagation
occur using a single Es cloud. This variability in distance depends on a number of factors, including cloud height and density. The maximum usable frequency
Sporadic_E_propagation
code – Maser – Mask work – Master frequency generator – Maximal-ratio combiner – Maximum power – Maximum usable frequency – Maxwell coil – Maxwell's demon
Index_of_electronics_articles
Topics referred to by the same term
Forth" Main Uralian Fault, in the Ural Mountains of Russia Maximum usable frequency, a term used for radio transmissions Moderata Ungdomsförbundet, or Moderate
Muf_(disambiguation)
Distance a radio wave travels in propagation
"Radio-Frequency Communication". Retrieved 2012-07-15. Principles of Radio Wave Propagation Radio Waves and Communications Distance Maximum usable frequency
Skip_distance
commonly used from the 1920s until the start of World War II. In 1927, the advent of screen grid tubes permitted much more radio frequency amplification
Plate_detector_(radio)
Counting circuit component
circuit used to reduce a high frequency electrical signal to a lower frequency by integer division. The prescaler takes the basic timer clock frequency (which
Prescaler
Amateur radio frequency band
transmit on two spot-frequencies (35.81 MHz and 41.75 MHz) for testing propagation paths, to assay trends of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) between 30
8-meter_band
Amateur radio station in the United States
by changing maximum usable frequency and frequency of optimum transmission it may not be possible to receive W1AW clearly on all frequencies. Note that
W1AW
Storms containing densities of energized electrons
affected through the decrease of critical frequency and maximum usable frequency, which is necessary for high-frequency radio communication. The F-region is
Ionospheric_storm
Techniques used for power management
Dynamic frequency scaling and dynamic voltage scaling are techniques used primarily for power management in computer architecture. Dynamic frequency scaling
Voltage_and_frequency_scaling
Number of occurrences in an experiment or study
relative frequency is the ratio of absolute frequency to the sample size. The cumulative frequency is the total of the absolute frequencies of all events
Frequency_(statistics)
Radio signal transmission method
minimum number of frequency channels and a maximum dwell time for each channel. In 1899, Guglielmo Marconi experimented with frequency-selective reception
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Number of pulses of a repeating signal
The pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) is the number of pulses of a repeating signal in a specific time unit. The term is used within a number of technical
Pulse-repetition_frequency
Maximum frequency of non-aliased component upon sampling
In signal processing, the Nyquist frequency (or folding frequency) is a characteristic of a sampler, which converts a continuous function or signal into
Nyquist_frequency
Ionospheric phenomenon
at a maximum, the F2 layer can become intensely ionized due to radiation from the sun. When solar activity is sufficiently high, the maximum usable frequency
F2_propagation
Range of usable frequencies
center frequency, and in the low-pass filter is at or near its cutoff frequency. If the maximum gain is 0 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is the frequency range
Bandwidth_(signal_processing)
{1}{2f_{m}}}} For broadcast sound purposes, 15 kHz is often chosen as the maximum usable frequency on landlines. A delay equaliser designed to this specification
Bridged_T_delay_equaliser
System for coordinating Wi-Fi channels
use the entire 6 GHz frequency band (5955–7115 MHz) at a maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and a maximum spectral density of 5 dBm per MHz. Use of the LPI class is
Automated Frequency Coordination
Automated_Frequency_Coordination
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution, given some observed
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Type of adjustable-speed drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable
Variable-frequency_drive
Signal representation
engineering, and statistics, the frequency domain refers to the analysis of mathematical functions or signals with respect to frequency (and possibly phase), rather
Frequency_domain
Vibrations with frequencies lower than 20 hertz
Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low frequency sound or (sometimes ambiguously) subsonic (subsonic being a descriptor for "less than the speed of
Infrasound
Spectrum of phonetic resonance in speech production
defined as a broad peak, or local maximum, in the spectrum. For harmonic sounds, with this definition, the formant frequency is sometimes taken as that of
Formant
Video bandwidth in telecommunication
frequency bandwidth is the range of frequencies between 0 and the highest frequency used to transmit a live television image. The maximum frequency can
VF_bandwidth
material scattering - Maunder minimum - maximum usable frequency (MUF) - Maxwell's equations - medium frequency - mesosphere - meteor burst communications
Index of radio propagation articles
Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
30–300 GHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
in a given area, the net result is greater frequency reuse, and higher density of users. The high usable channel capacity in this band might allow it
Extremely_high_frequency
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
significantly lower than the maximum achievable throughput; the useful part is usually referred to as goodput. Maximum throughput is the highest data
Network_throughput
Radio frequency allotment
countries set their own regulations regarding specific uses and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges, it is recommended that local authorities
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
Unlicensed_National_Information_Infrastructure
Telecommunication signaling system
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is a telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone
DTMF_signaling
Device designed to reduce vibrations in structures
oscillation frequency is tuned to be similar to the resonant frequency of the object it is mounted to, and reduces the object's maximum amplitude while
Tuned_mass_damper
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
Frequency modulation (FM) is a signal modulation technique used in electronic communication, originally for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In
Frequency_modulation
Frequency at which a CPU chip or core is operating
is the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses used to synchronize the operations of its components. It is used as an
Clock_rate
Solar cell power extraction method
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction
Maximum_power_point_tracking
Resistor Inductor Capacitor Circuit
resonant frequency are equal but of opposite sign and cancel out. Circuits where L and C are in parallel rather than series actually have a maximum impedance
RLC_circuit
Maximum rate of data transfer
bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between the lowest and highest attainable frequencies while
Bandwidth_(computing)
Form of waveform distortion
beyond its maximum capability. Driving an amplifier into clipping may cause it to output power in excess of its power rating. In the frequency domain, clipping
Clipping_(audio)
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
line. Thus the maximum and minimum values can be compared directly. This method is used at VHF and higher frequencies. At lower frequencies, such lines are
Standing_wave_ratio
Pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions
rate during baseline conditions is typically used to normalize data in a frequency-rate curve to a maximum control rate (MCR). More specifically, the number
Brain_stimulation_reward
Number of frames rendered in one second
rate, commonly expressed in frames per second (frame/s or FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed
Frame_rate
Russian radio station
Radio Maximum is a Russian radio station, specializing in pop and rock music. Founded in 1991 as a joint venture of Westwood One, Harris Corporation,
Radio_Maximum
Dynamic frequency scaling technology
processor frequency adjustment technologies take advantage of average power consumed being less than the maximum design limits, allowing frequency (and the
AMD_Turbo_Core
Type of radar where a known stable frequency continuous wave radio energy is transmitted
known stable frequency is transmitted continuously and then received from any reflecting objects. Individual objects can be detected using the Doppler
Continuous-wave_radar
Frequency change of a wave for observer relative to its source
The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency or, equivalently, the period of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving
Doppler_effect
Digital audio effect
be at least twice the maximum frequency component in the signal; this maximum signal frequency of one-half the sampling frequency is called the Nyquist
Bitcrusher
Type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
half a carrier period. Thus, the maximum frequency deviation is δ = 0.5 fm where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index
Minimum-shift_keying
Ω version is used for serial digital interface video data up to maximum frequency of 4 GHz. The 50 Ω connector can be used to a maximum of 10 GHz. DIN
DIN_1.0/2.3
Number of times an audience is exposed to advertisement
In marketing and advertising, frequency refers to the number of times a target audience is exposed to a particular message or advertisement within a given
Frequency_(marketing)
Type of non-sinusoidal waveform
amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave,
Square_wave_(waveform)
a receiver which changes its frequency of operation continuously from a minimum frequency to a maximum (or from maximum to minimum). Usually the sweep
Radio-frequency_sweep
Radio transmission of audio by frequency modulation
approximated using Carson's rule, which states that the necessary bandwidth is twice the maximum deviation plus twice the highest modulating frequency. For a
FM_broadcasting
Type of degradation in signal transmission
Carrier frequency offset (CFO) is one of many non-ideal conditions that may affect in baseband receiver design. In designing a baseband receiver, we should
Carrier_frequency_offset
transmission in 12 frequency bands. The maximum power allowed is 100 W. A Restricted Grade licence holder was previously authorized the use of radio telephony
List of amateur radio frequency bands in India
List_of_amateur_radio_frequency_bands_in_India
Signal processing technique
individual frequency components. Any process that quantifies the various amounts (e.g. amplitudes, powers, intensities) versus frequency (or phase) can
Spectral_density_estimation
Optimality criterion in phylogeny
evolutionary biology, maximum parsimony is a method used to build phylogenetic trees based on the principle of simplicity. Under the maximum-parsimony criterion
Maximum_parsimony
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Reserved part of radio spectrum
free to use any frequency within authorized frequency ranges; authorized bands may vary by the class of the station license. Radio amateurs use a variety
Amateur radio frequency allocations
Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations
Common sampling frequency in digital audio
audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 Hz–20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a sampling rate of more than twice the maximum frequency
44,100_Hz
Frequency used on standard electricity grid in a given area
The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating
Utility_frequency
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
longitude, the currently used prime meridian, and is not adjusted for daylight saving time. The coordination of time and frequency transmissions around the
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Rule in telecommunications
a typical VHF/UHF two-way radio signal using FM mode, with 5 kHz peak deviation, and a maximum audio frequency of 3 kHz, would require an approximate
Carson_bandwidth_rule
Converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound
frequencies with even coverage, most loudspeaker systems employ more than one driver, particularly for higher sound pressure level (SPL) or maximum accuracy
Loudspeaker
Uses of the 2.4 GHz ISM radio spectrum
telephones and baby monitors in the United States and Canada use the 2.4 GHz frequency, the same frequency at which Wi-Fi standards 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and
2.4_GHz_radio_use
Communication flowing simultaneously in both directions
are said to be separated by the frequency offset. Frequency-division duplex systems can extend their range by using sets of simple repeater stations
Duplex_(telecommunications)
Laser source with equal intervals of spectral lines
frequency), and f0 is the carrier offset frequency, which is less than fr. Combs spanning an octave in frequency (i.e., a factor of two) can be used to
Frequency_comb
Clock type
temperatures. Crystal aging tends to be logarithmic, meaning the maximum rate of change of frequency occurs immediately after manufacture and decays thereafter
Quartz_clock
Relative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal
into frequency components f composing that signal. Fourier analysis shows that any physical signal can be decomposed into a distribution of frequencies over
Spectral_density
Frequencies or wavelengths that can pass through a filter
filtered signal) is the portion of the frequency spectrum that is transmitted (with minimum relative loss or maximum relative gain) by some filtering device
Passband
the lack of outlets above 10 A, or to further increase the usable power beyond the maximum output of 15 or 16 A outlets (if such are available). Due to
Mains_electricity_by_country
Amateur radio frequency band
other frequencies. In Belgium, amateurs were allocated 501–504 kHz on a secondary basis on 15 January 2008. Only CW may be used with a maximum ERP of
630-meter_band
equipment. The objective is to achieve maximum system spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/site by means of frequency reuse, but still assure a certain grade
Channel_allocation_schemes
Converts output of a photovoltaic panel into a utility frequency alternating current
storage devices. By utilizing MPPT (maximum power point tracking), solar pumping inverters regulate output frequency to control the speed of the pumps in
Solar_inverter
Analysis of values below a reference point
may assume values larger than the observed maximum Xmax. This can be done dividing the cumulative frequency M by N+1 instead of N. The estimate then becomes:
Cumulative_frequency_analysis
Compounding sum paid for the use of money
the simple interest rate applied and the frequency at which the interest is compounded. The compounding frequency is the number of times per given unit of
Compound_interest
resistive termination. The maximum signaling frequency is specified to be 100 MHz, although some applications use higher frequencies. GTL is defined by JEDEC
Gunning_transceiver_logic
Project to analyze the ionosphere
Instrument (IRI), a high-power radio frequency transmitter facility operating in the high frequency (HF) band. The IRI is used to temporarily excite a limited
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program
High-frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program
Probability estimate
occurring. A common estimator for the empirical probability is the relative frequency, calculated as the ratio of the number of recorded event outcomes to the
Empirical_probability
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MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Male
French
French form of Latin Maximus, MAXIME means "the greatest."Â
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Excess; High Degree; Maximum; Feminine of Mazid
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, Hebrew
Medieval Form of Isabel Devoted to God; Pledged to God; God is My Oath
Female
Spanish
Variant spelling of Spanish Isabel, YSABEL means "God is my oath."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Auspicious, Prosperous
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Abel, ABLE means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Female
English
Originally a Spanish form of Latin Isabella, ISABEL means "God is my oath." It later became an English royal name and its popularity was enhanced by the fact that it was borne by Queen Isabella (1296-1358), despite the fact that she was a murderess.Â
Boy/Male
Italian American
The greatest.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Plenty; Maximum; Intelligent; Young and Dynamic; Earth
Male
Russian
(МакÑим) Variant spelling of Russian Maksim, MAXIM means "the greatest." Compare with another form of Maxim.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Mabel, MABLE means "lovable."Â
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, SABLE means "black," as a heraldic color. It is sometimes confused with the mammal of the same name but which has brown fur, not black, and which has a different origin.
Male
French
French name derived from Latin amabilis, AMABLE means "lovable."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Greatest
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Black
Girl/Female
Latin
The best.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and Portuguese
English, French, and Portuguese : from the female personal name Isabel (see Isbell).Isabel and Isabelle are documented as family names in Trois Rivières, Quebec, in 1648. Other families, from Normandy, France, are documented in Sainte-Famille, Quebec, in 1669.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, possibly originally a habitational name derived from a place named from Old Norse gafl, GABLE means "gable," a term used to denote a "triangular-shaped hill."Â
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
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