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Highest radio frequency that can be used for skywave radio transmission
In radio transmission, maximum usable frequency (MUF) is the highest radio frequency that can be used for transmission between two points on Earth by reflection
Maximum_usable_frequency
3–30 MHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
the frequencies at which communication is possible are specified by these parameters: Maximum usable frequency (MUF) Lowest usable high frequency (LUF)
High_frequency
Radio transmission term
impacts the LUF. Maximum usable frequency Frequency of optimum transmission Federal Standard 1037C "lowest usable high frequency (LUF) – ATIS Telecom Glossary"
Lowest_usable_high_frequency
Frequency response boundary
ionosphere. In this context, the term cutoff frequency refers to the maximum usable frequency, the frequency above which a radio wave fails to reflect off
Cutoff_frequency
} where MUF is maximum usable frequency and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the angle of incidence The dependence of critical frequency with respect with
Critical_frequency
Geomagnetic storm indicator
propagation. The degradation mainly consists of a reduction of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) by as much as 50%. Sometimes the E-layer may be affected
K-index
Propagation of radio waves beyond the radio horizon
again towards the ionosphere. When operating at frequencies just below the maximum usable frequency, losses can be quite small, so the radio signal may
Skywave
is normally just below the value of the maximum usable frequency (MUF). In the prediction of usable frequencies, the FOT is commonly taken as 15% below
Frequency of optimum transmission
Frequency_of_optimum_transmission
Type of radio-wave propagation
causing attenuation of low frequencies during the day while the maximum usable frequency (MUF) which is the critical frequency of the F layer rises with
Near vertical incidence skywave
Near_vertical_incidence_skywave
Magnetic core on which the windings of electric transformers and inductors are formed
of choice is at 70 MHz. As any given blend has a trade-off of maximum usable frequency, versus a higher mu value, within each of these sub-groups, manufacturers
Ferrite_core
channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each
List_of_WLAN_channels
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
variances. Changes in solar output affect the maximum usable frequency, a limit on the highest frequency usable for communications. Both long-term and short-term
Solar_cycle
Concept in radio transmission
Frequency deviation ( f Δ {\displaystyle f_{\Delta }} ) is used in FM radio to describe the difference between the minimum or maximum extent of a frequency
Frequency_deviation
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
m3 and fcritical is in Hz. The Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) is defined as the upper frequency limit that can be used for transmission between two points
Ionosphere
Physical characteristic of oscillating systems
vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximum amplitude response
Resonance
Distance a radio wave travels in propagation
"Radio-Frequency Communication". Retrieved 2012-07-15. Principles of Radio Wave Propagation Radio Waves and Communications Distance Maximum usable frequency
Skip_distance
Amateur radio frequency band
by the International Radiotelegraph Convention in 1927. As the maximum usable frequency for long-distance communication seldom dips below 3.5 MHz anywhere
80-meter_band
Term in wireless communications
Frequency of optimum transmission Link budget Lowest usable high frequency Maximum usable frequency Multipath propagation OFDM Rain fade Rayleigh fading
Fading
Data communications modulation protocol
exactly half a carrier period. The maximum frequency deviation is δ = 0.25 fm, where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index
Frequency-shift_keying
Type of radio propagation
loss, as does the E-layer whose maximum usable frequency can rise to 4 MHz and above and thus block higher frequency signals from reaching the F2-layer
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Amateur radio frequency band
transmit on two spot-frequencies (35.81 MHz and 41.75 MHz) for testing propagation paths, to assay trends of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) between 30
8-meter_band
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution, given some observed
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Topics referred to by the same term
Forth" Main Uralian Fault, in the Ural Mountains of Russia Maximum usable frequency, a term used for radio transmissions Moderata Ungdomsförbundet, or Moderate
Muf_(disambiguation)
Layer in ionosphere
this depends upon the frequency of a propagating signal. The E layer electron density and resultant MUF, maximum usable frequency, during high solar activity
F_region
Radio signal transmission method
minimum number of frequency channels and a maximum dwell time for each channel. In 1899, Guglielmo Marconi experimented with frequency-selective reception
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Type of radio propagation
occur using a single Es cloud. This variability in distance depends on a number of factors, including cloud height and density. The maximum usable frequency
Sporadic_E_propagation
New Zealand-born geophysicist
Base. Bullen, J. M. (1961). An analysis of estimated values of maximum usable frequency throughout a sunspot cycle and associated electron density trends
Jean_Maud_Bullen
Concept in statistics and wave theory
bandwidth as "width of frequency range where less than half the signal's power is attenuated", i.e., the power is at least half the maximum. In signal processing
Full_width_at_half_maximum
Maximum frequency of non-aliased component upon sampling
In signal processing, the Nyquist frequency (or folding frequency) is a characteristic of a sampler, which converts a continuous function or signal into
Nyquist_frequency
Frequency at which systems tend to oscillate
of systems, it is convenient to use the angular frequency ω = 2πf rather than the frequency f, or the complex frequency domain parameter s = σ + ωi. In
Natural_frequency
{1}{2f_{m}}}} For broadcast sound purposes, 15 kHz is often chosen as the maximum usable frequency on landlines. A delay equaliser designed to this specification
Bridged_T_delay_equaliser
Range of usable frequencies
center frequency, and in the low-pass filter is at or near its cutoff frequency. If the maximum gain is 0 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is the frequency range
Bandwidth_(signal_processing)
Type of adjustable-speed drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable
Variable-frequency_drive
code – Maser – Mask work – Master frequency generator – Maximal-ratio combiner – Maximum power – Maximum usable frequency – Maxwell coil – Maxwell's demon
Index_of_electronics_articles
Concept in the psychophysics of vision
to detect the flicker: the frequency of the modulation; the amplitude or depth of the modulation (i.e., what is the maximum percent decrease in the illumination
Flicker_fusion_threshold
Storms containing densities of energized electrons
affected through the decrease of critical frequency and maximum usable frequency, which is necessary for high-frequency radio communication. The F-region is
Ionospheric_storm
Amateur radio station in the United States
by changing maximum usable frequency and frequency of optimum transmission it may not be possible to receive W1AW clearly on all frequencies. Note that
W1AW
commonly used from the 1920s until the start of World War II. In 1927, the advent of screen grid tubes permitted much more radio frequency amplification
Plate_detector_(radio)
Signal representation
engineering, and statistics, the frequency domain refers to the analysis of mathematical functions or signals with respect to frequency (and possibly phase), rather
Frequency_domain
Vibrations with frequencies lower than 20 hertz
Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low frequency sound or (sometimes ambigously) subsonic (subsonic being a descriptor for "less than the speed of sound")
Infrasound
Spectrum of phonetic resonance in speech production
defined as a broad peak, or local maximum, in the spectrum. For harmonic sounds, with this definition, the formant frequency is sometimes taken as that of
Formant
Number of occurrences in an experiment or study
value (minimum) in the data to the highest (maximum) value. Equal class intervals are preferred in frequency distribution, while unequal class intervals
Frequency_(statistics)
Number of pulses of a repeating signal
The pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) is the number of pulses of a repeating signal in a specific time unit. The term is used within a number of technical
Pulse-repetition_frequency
Telecommunication signaling system
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is a telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone
DTMF_signaling
30–300 GHz range of the electromagnetic spectrum
in a given area, the net result is greater frequency reuse, and higher density of users. The high usable channel capacity in this band might allow it
Extremely_high_frequency
System for coordinating Wi-Fi channels
use the entire 6 GHz frequency band (5955–7115 MHz) at a maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and a maximum spectral density of 5 dBm per MHz. Use of the LPI class is
Automated Frequency Coordination
Automated_Frequency_Coordination
Radio transmission of audio by frequency modulation
approximated using Carson's rule, which states that the necessary bandwidth is twice the maximum deviation plus twice the highest modulating frequency. For a
FM_broadcasting
Reserved part of radio spectrum
free to use any frequency within authorized frequency ranges; authorized bands may vary by the class of the station license. Radio amateurs use a variety
Amateur radio frequency allocations
Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations
Device designed to reduce vibrations in structures
oscillation frequency is tuned to be similar to the resonant frequency of the object it is mounted to, and reduces the object's maximum amplitude while
Tuned_mass_damper
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
line. Thus the maximum and minimum values can be compared directly. This method is used at VHF and higher frequencies. At lower frequencies, such lines are
Standing_wave_ratio
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
Frequency modulation (FM) is a signal modulation technique used in electronic communication, originally for transmitting messages with a radio wave. In
Frequency_modulation
Solar cell power extraction method
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction
Maximum_power_point_tracking
Ionospheric phenomenon
at a maximum, the F2 layer can become intensely ionized due to radiation from the sun. When solar activity is sufficiently high, the maximum usable frequency
F2_propagation
Counting circuit component
circuit used to reduce a high frequency electrical signal to a lower frequency by integer division. The prescaler takes the basic timer clock frequency (which
Prescaler
Video bandwidth in telecommunication
frequency bandwidth is the range of frequencies between 0 and the highest frequency used to transmit a live television image. The maximum frequency can
VF_bandwidth
Type of radar where a known stable frequency continuous wave radio energy is transmitted
known stable frequency is transmitted continuously and then received from any reflecting objects. Individual objects can be detected using the Doppler
Continuous-wave_radar
Pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions
rate during baseline conditions is typically used to normalize data in a frequency-rate curve to a maximum control rate (MCR). More specifically, the number
Brain_stimulation_reward
Object detection system using radio waves
produce the maximum Doppler frequency shift. When the transmit frequency ( F T {\displaystyle F_{T}} ) is pulsed, using a pulse repeat frequency of F R {\displaystyle
Radar
Converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound
frequencies with even coverage, most loudspeaker systems employ more than one driver, particularly for higher sound pressure level (SPL) or maximum accuracy
Loudspeaker
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
longitude, the currently used prime meridian, and is not adjusted for daylight saving time. The coordination of time and frequency transmissions around the
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
its maximum performance is what the user or designer is interested in. The term maximum throughput is frequently used when discussing end-user maximum throughput
Network_throughput
Number of times an audience is exposed to advertisement
In marketing and advertising, frequency refers to the number of times a target audience is exposed to a particular message or advertisement within a given
Frequency_(marketing)
the lack of outlets above 10 A, or to further increase the usable power beyond the maximum output of 15 or 16 A outlets (if such are available). Due to
Mains_electricity_by_country
Laser source with equal intervals of spectral lines
A frequency comb or spectral comb is represented by a spectrum made of discrete, stable and regularly spaced spectral lines. In optics, a frequency comb
Frequency_comb
Method for analyzing customer value
business could use these calculations: Recency = 10 – the number of months that have passed since the customer last purchased Frequency = the maximum of "the
RFM_(market_research)
Frequency change of a wave for observer relative to its source
The Doppler effect (also Doppler shift) is the change in the frequency or, equivalently, the period of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving
Doppler_effect
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
long functions can have no frequency content above the Nyquist frequency. Aliasing can be made arbitrarily small by using a sufficiently large order of
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Resistor Inductor Capacitor Circuit
resonant frequency are equal but of opposite sign and cancel out. Circuits where L and C are in parallel rather than series actually have a maximum impedance
RLC_circuit
Common sampling frequency in digital audio
frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem states that a sampling rate of more than twice the maximum frequency of
44,100_Hz
Type of degradation in signal transmission
Carrier frequency offset (CFO) is one of many non-ideal conditions that may affect in baseband receiver design. In designing a baseband receiver, we should
Carrier_frequency_offset
Electrical resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla
designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. It is used to produce high voltage, low current, high frequency alternating current. Tesla experimented with a
Tesla_coil
Type of electronic circuit
typically used in the field of audio synthesizers, to distinguish it from an audio frequency oscillator. An audio oscillator produces frequencies in the
Electronic_oscillator
Radio frequency allotment
countries set their own regulations regarding specific uses and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges, it is recommended that local authorities
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
Unlicensed_National_Information_Infrastructure
Project to analyze the ionosphere
Instrument (IRI), a high-power radio frequency transmitter facility operating in the high frequency (HF) band. The IRI is used to temporarily excite a limited
High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program
High-frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program
transmission in 12 frequency bands. The maximum power allowed is 100 W. A Restricted Grade licence holder was previously authorized the use of radio telephony
List of amateur radio frequency bands in India
List_of_amateur_radio_frequency_bands_in_India
Frequency at which a CPU chip or core is operating
is the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses used to synchronize the operations of its components. It is used as an
Clock_rate
material scattering - Maunder minimum - maximum usable frequency (MUF) - Maxwell's equations - medium frequency - mesosphere - meteor burst communications
Index of radio propagation articles
Index_of_radio_propagation_articles
Number of frames rendered in one second
commonly expressed in frame/s, frames per second, or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed
Frame_rate
Maximum rate of data transfer
bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting
Bandwidth_(computing)
Type of non-sinusoidal waveform
amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave,
Square_wave_(waveform)
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Power management technique in computers
Dynamic frequency scaling (also known as CPU throttling) is a power management technique in computer architecture whereby the frequency of a microprocessor
Dynamic_frequency_scaling
Linear integrated circuit precision shunt regulator
1 mA); the maximum ICA and VCA are the same as standard (100 mA and 36 V). Unity gain frequency is reduced to 250 kHz to attenuate high frequency ripples
TL431
Form of waveform distortion
beyond its maximum capability. Driving an amplifier into clipping may cause it to output power in excess of its power rating. In the frequency domain, clipping
Clipping_(audio)
64-bit x86 register
maximum core-clock to bus-clock ratio of the processor or may be set by the maximum resolved frequency at which the processor is booted. The maximum resolved
Time_Stamp_Counter
Aspect of relativity in physics
Frequency: Usually denoted f, this is the frequency with which the wave oscillates (1 divided by the amount of time between two successive maximum stretches
Gravitational_wave
LumenRadio Notes: All speeds are theoretical maximums and will vary by a number of factors, including the use of external antennas, distance from the tower
List of wireless network protocols
List_of_wireless_network_protocols
Type of continuous-phase frequency-shift keying
half a carrier period. Thus, the maximum frequency deviation is δ = 0.5 fm where fm is the maximum modulating frequency. As a result, the modulation index
Minimum-shift_keying
Highest power input allowed to flow through electrical or mechanical equipment
ratings, a maximum (peak) power rating and an average power rating. For such devices, the peak power rating usually specifies the low frequency or pulse
Power_rating
Frequency used on standard electricity grid in a given area
The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating
Utility_frequency
Communication flowing simultaneously in both directions
are said to be separated by the frequency offset. Frequency-division duplex systems can extend their range by using sets of simple repeater stations
Duplex_(telecommunications)
Standard for transmitting digital video to a display
not a requirement. In single link mode, the maximum TMDS clock frequency is 165 MHz, which supports a maximum resolution of 2.75 megapixels (including blanking
Digital_Visual_Interface
Dynamic frequency scaling technology
processor frequency adjustment technologies take advantage of average power consumed being less than the maximum design limits, allowing frequency (and the
AMD_Turbo_Core
Ω version is used for serial digital interface video data up to maximum frequency of 4 GHz. The 50 Ω connector can be used to a maximum of 10 GHz. DIN
DIN_1.0/2.3
Radio antenna; long wire suspended above the ground
operator W0IPL developed a table of usable odd multiple lengths and un usable even multiple lengths for HF frequencies assigned to amateurs, and then selected
Random_wire_antenna
Audio device to detect the presence of bat sound signals
lower frequency components will be detected at a distance. The usable range of bat detectors decreases with humidity and in misty conditions the maximum range
Bat_detector
Microwave transmission station used in the Swiss Army
a mule. Over a maximum of 4 km of optical fiber cable an "intermediary unit" (BSG 93) is connected to the SE. The link has an usable bitrate of either
R-905
Amateur radio frequency band
propagation mechanisms characteristic of the high frequency (HF) bands. This normally occurs close to sunspot maximum, when solar activity increases ionization
6-meter_band
Clock deviation from perfect periodicity
between two times of maximum effect (or minimum effect) of a signal characteristic that varies regularly with time. Jitter frequency, the more commonly
Jitter
Device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal
application is determined by figures of merit, including: resolution, maximum sampling frequency and others. Digital-to-analog conversion can degrade a signal
Digital-to-analog_converter
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
Boy/Male
Italian American
The greatest.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and Portuguese
English, French, and Portuguese : from the female personal name Isabel (see Isbell).Isabel and Isabelle are documented as family names in Trois Rivières, Quebec, in 1648. Other families, from Normandy, France, are documented in Sainte-Famille, Quebec, in 1669.
Female
Spanish
Variant spelling of Spanish Isabel, YSABEL means "God is my oath."
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, possibly originally a habitational name derived from a place named from Old Norse gafl, GABLE means "gable," a term used to denote a "triangular-shaped hill."Â
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Excess; High Degree; Maximum; Feminine of Mazid
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Abel, ABLE means "vanity," i.e. "transitory."
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, Hebrew
Medieval Form of Isabel Devoted to God; Pledged to God; God is My Oath
Male
French
French name derived from Latin amabilis, AMABLE means "lovable."
Girl/Female
Latin
The best.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Auspicious, Prosperous
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Plenty; Maximum; Intelligent; Young and Dynamic; Earth
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
Black
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Mabel, MABLE means "lovable."Â
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Male
French
French form of Latin Maximus, MAXIME means "the greatest."Â
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Greatest
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, SABLE means "black," as a heraldic color. It is sometimes confused with the mammal of the same name but which has brown fur, not black, and which has a different origin.
Male
Russian
(МакÑим) Variant spelling of Russian Maksim, MAXIM means "the greatest." Compare with another form of Maxim.
Female
English
Originally a Spanish form of Latin Isabella, ISABEL means "God is my oath." It later became an English royal name and its popularity was enhanced by the fact that it was borne by Queen Isabella (1296-1358), despite the fact that she was a murderess.Â
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Priestley.Americanized form of German Pressler.
Girl/Female
Arabic, French
Equal to Another Person; Rival
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kirthik | கீரà¯à®¤à®¿à®•
God Murugan, Nakshatra
Male
Chinese
cloud-like.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English dull + -ard ‘dull or stupid person’. Compare Doll 5.Irish : either an importation to Ireland of the English name or, possibly, a reduced and altered form of de la Hyde (see Dollarhide).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Air; Breeze
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Greek
Well-born
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, French, Hebrew, Irish, Jamaican, Scottish
Supplanter; Feminine of James; One who Supplants; Pet Form of James Used as a Woman's Name
Girl/Female
Biblical
The cities, the callings.
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Hebrew David, DÃIBHÃ means "beloved."
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
MAXIMUM USABLE-FREQUENCY
a.
Not able; not having sufficient strength, means, knowledge, skill, or the like; impotent' weak; helpless; incapable; -- now usually followed by an infinitive or an adverbial phrase; as, unable for work; unable to bear fatigue.
v. i.
Durable; not subject to overthrow or change; firm; as, a stable foundation; a stable position.
n.
A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods.
n.
The fur of the sable.
n.
The least quantity assignable, admissible, or possible, in a given case; hence, a thing of small consequence; -- opposed to maximum.
n.
In a curve referred to polar coordinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.
a.
To make able; to enable; to strengthen.
a.
Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness.
v. t.
To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
a.
Greatest in quantity or highest in degree attainable or attained; as, a maximum consumption of fuel; maximum pressure; maximum heat.
n.
The greatest quantity or value attainable in a given case; or, the greatest value attained by a quantity which first increases and then begins to decrease; the highest point or degree; -- opposed to minimum.
a.
Lacking ability; unable.
v. t.
See Enable.
v. t.
Custom; practice; usage.
pl.
of Maximum
v. t.
The time, fixed variously by the usage between different countries, when a bill of exchange is payable; as, a bill drawn on London at one usance, or at double usance.
a.
Changeable; inconstant; unsettled; unstable; fickle.
n.
Arable land; plow land.
imp. & p. p.
of Sable