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rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according
List_of_writing_systems
Writing systems and symbol systems without a generally accepted decipherment
list includes writing systems and sign systems that are commonly described in reliable secondary sources as undeciphered, not fully deciphered, or of
Undeciphered_writing_systems
The following is a list of writing systems that are used in Indonesia. ^Status: Active: writing systems that are still in use, managed, and actively taught
List of writing systems of Indonesia
List_of_writing_systems_of_Indonesia
alphabetical list of any individuals, legendary or real, who are purported by traditions to have invented alphabets or other writing systems, whether this
List of creators of writing systems
List_of_creators_of_writing_systems
code List of Unicode characters List of writing systems Punctuation List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks The remainder of this list focuses
List_of_symbols
developed writing systems, but instead used semasiographic writing. Mixtec writing emerged during the 13th century, much later than the systems previously
Mesoamerican_writing_systems
The modern Japanese writing system (日本語の表記体系, Nihongo no hyōki taikei) uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters; and
Japanese_writing_system
needed] Writing systems typically satisfy three criteria. Firstly, writing has some purpose or meaning to it. Secondly, writing systems make use of specific
History_of_writing
Southeast Asia uses various non-Latin-based writing systems. The writing systems below are listed by language family. Khmer script (for Khmer language)
Writing systems of Southeast Asia
Writing_systems_of_Southeast_Asia
Writing system specifically created by an individual or group
full members of the English (as opposed to Latin) alphabet until the mid-1800s). In the vast majority of cases, inventors of writing systems have been either
Constructed_writing_system
Systems for writing the Native American language Massachusett
Massachusett writing systems describes the historic and modern systems used for writing Massachusett, an indigenous Algonquian language of the Algic language
Massachusett_writing_systems
Writing system
written traditions reflecting a range of influences from the orthographic practices of other languages. Writing systems associated with particular dialects
Ojibwe_writing_systems
Persistent representation of language
ability of reading and writing. In general, writing systems do not constitute languages in and of themselves, but rather a durable means of representing
Writing
Proposed type of writing system
needed] This is a small list of examples of featural writing systems by date of creation. The languages for which each system was developed are also shown
Featural_writing_system
Set of letters used to write a given language
An alphabet is a writing system that uses a standard set of symbols, called letters, to more or less represent particular sounds in a spoken language.
Alphabet
Writing systems devised for the Mongolian language
Various Mongolian writing systems have been devised for the Mongolian language over the centuries, and from a variety of scripts. The oldest and native
Mongolian_writing_systems
Notation for expressing numbers
Numeral systems are sometimes called number systems, but that name is ambiguous, as it could refer to different systems of numbers, such as the system of real
Numeral_system
Ancient Egyptian writing system
be one of four writing systems developed without outside influence, the others being cuneiform, Chinese characters, and Mayan script. The use of hieroglyphic
Egyptian_hieroglyphs
Ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object
physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication. A pictography is a writing system which uses pictograms. Some pictograms
Pictogram
Symbol that represents an idea or concept
symbol is a type of ideogram. As true writing systems emerged from systems of pure ideograms, later societies with phonetic writing were often compelled
Ideogram
Academic journal
Writing Systems Research was a peer-reviewed academic journal, founded in 2009, relating to the analysis, use and acquisition of writing systems. The editors
Writing_Systems_Research
Russian and Ukrainian) Other writing systems: Extinct or no longer used regularly: Kawi – The oldest known Brahmic writing system in Indonesia and the ancestor
Languages_of_Indonesia
Topics referred to by the same term
a 2006 album by American experimental rock band Trophy Scars List of writing systems "The Alphabet Song" Alphabeta (disambiguation) Alphabetical (disambiguation)
Alphabet_(disambiguation)
The chart below compares a number of different writing systems for Hokkien, including bopomofo, kana, Hangul, various romanizations, and Chinese characters
Comparison of Hokkien writing systems
Comparison_of_Hokkien_writing_systems
writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia comprise a diverse group of scripts used across the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent regions prior to the rise of
Writing systems of pre-Islamic Arabia
Writing_systems_of_pre-Islamic_Arabia
States List of linguists List of shorthand systems List of writing systems Lists of dialects and varieties Lists of computer languages Lists of programming
Lists_of_languages
Writing system of the Maya civilization
is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially
Maya_script
boxes, or other symbols instead of the intended characters. There are many different numeral systems, that is, writing systems for expressing numbers. "A base
List_of_numeral_systems
Written set of symbols for syllables or moras of spoken words
shallow orthographies in alphabetic writing systems.[citation needed] True syllabograms are those that encompass all parts of a syllable, i.e., initial onset
Syllabary
Writing the Chinese languages
phonetic transcription systems such as Pinyin and Bopomofo to transliterate the pronunciation of each character. Chinese writing is first attested during
Written_Chinese
Characteristics of dyslexia in writing
almost no phonological cues. Linguistics List of writing systems Writing system Written language Medium of instruction English orthography NCLD Editorial
Orthographies_and_dyslexia
Writing system family from Sumatra, Indonesia
locally known as Surat Ulu ('upstream script') are a family of writing systems found in the regions of Kerinci, Bengkulu, Palembang and Lampung, in central and
Ulu_scripts
shorthand systems nor ciphers of existing scripts. * Script in ongoing development. Constructed script List of writing systems ConScript Unicode Registry
List_of_constructed_scripts
Writing system in the Maluku Islands
the development of writing systems, which typically prioritize utility and clarity. Bahasa tanah Alifuru people List of writing systems of Indonesia Maulana
Alifuru_script
Abbreviated symbolic writing method
geometric systems and the script systems. The first such system was that of George Carl Märes in 1885. However, the most successful system of this type
Shorthand
Overview of and topical guide to linguistics
the study of writing systems Graphetics – the study of writing shapes as assigned to sounds or ideas Theoretical linguistics – the study of language as
Outline_of_linguistics
Sundanese writing system
symbols instead of Sundanese characters. Standard Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Baku, ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ) is a traditional writing system used by the Sundanese
Sundanese_script
Study of graphemes and writing systems
Grapholinguistics is a branch of linguistics that concerns writing systems, their basic components (i.e. graphemes and graphs) and the rules that define
Grapholinguistics
Writing system for sign languages
literacy. The SignWriting system is visually iconic: its symbols depict the hands, face, and body of a signer. Unlike most writing systems, which are written
SignWriting
Indigenous scripts in the Philippines
Buhid Kirim Tagbanwa Kulitan Indigenous Philippine scripts are various writing systems that developed and flourished in the Philippines around 300 BC.[citation
Philippine_scripts
Grapheme which represents a word or a morpheme
characters in cuneiform script. A writing system that primarily uses logograms is called a logography. Non-logographic writing systems, such as alphabets and syllabaries
Logogram
Writing system used c. 1050 to 146 BC
In the history of writing systems, the Phoenician script also marked the first to have a fixed writing direction—while previous systems were multi-directional
Phoenician_alphabet
Undecyphered bronze-age Cretan writing system
hieroglyphic writing system used in early Bronze Age Crete, during the Minoan era. It predates Linear A by about a century, but the two writing systems continued
Cretan_hieroglyphs
stems. The growth experienced in the integration of kanji in writing systems has increased the number of false friends existing between the Chinese and
List of Chinese–Japanese false friends
List_of_Chinese–Japanese_false_friends
Mesoamerican writing system
The Zapotec script is the writing system of the Zapotec culture and represents one of the earliest writing systems in Mesoamerica. Rising in the late Pre-Classic
Zapotec_script
This is a list of jamo (letters) in the Korean alphabetic script Hangul. It includes jamo that are no longer used and Unicode code points. In the lists
List_of_Hangul_jamo
words. The official Jōyō Kanji list states that "Due to the print typefaces which are currently available in computer systems, it is acceptable to use characters
List_of_jōyō_kanji
Historical writing system
alphabets. Brahmic family of scripts Brāhmī script Bengali-Assamese script Kaithi Abugida List of writing systems List of languages by first written
Anga_Lipi
Topics referred to by the same term
variation of syllabic characters in some writing systems Women's writing (literary category), academic discipline within literary studies Lists List of biographical
Women's_writing
Type of written communication
writers rely on Wiki Systems such as Confluence and shared document workspacess. Content Management Systems (CMSs): Modern technical writing is edited and published
Technical_writing
Javanese-Arabic script
practice of writing the Javanese language with Arabic script, which was considered unconventional by Javanese people. One of the earliest dated examples of the
Pegon_script
Abugida used to write the Ahom language
with Unicode 14.0. The Unicode block for Ahom is U+11700–U+1174F: List of writing systems Ahom people Ahom kingdom All Tai Ahom Students Union "There is
Ahom_script
Hypothesized writing system
Pre-Christian Slavic writing is a hypothesized writing system that may have been used by the Slavs prior to Christianization and the introduction of the Glagolitic
Pre-Christian_Slavic_writing
Writing system
Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, p. 4, ISBN 9781139469340. Coulmas, Florian (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell
Proto-Canaanite_alphabet
Software that manages computer hardware resources
true operating system. Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems, whether they are internet of things objects or
Operating_system
American fiction writer (born 1975)
He coined Sanderson's Laws of Magic which popularized the idea of "hard magic" and "soft magic" systems. Sanderson's writing has been nominated and won
Brandon_Sanderson
Writing systems used for transcribing Hmongic languages
Hmong writing refers to the various writing systems that have been used for transcribing various Hmongic languages, spoken by Hmong people in China, Vietnam
Hmong_writing
(1955), Forkner alphabet shorthand; the only system of shorthand that combinesthe best features of symbols systems with easily written longhand letters, New
List_of_shorthand_systems
Subset of characters in Unicode
of letters and other written signs used to represent textual information in one or more writing systems. Some scripts support only one writing system
Script_(Unicode)
American linguist
LINGUIST List; and Writing Systems Research. Susan C. Herring and Jannis Androutsopoulos. 2015. “Computer-mediated discourse 2.0,” In The handbook of discourse
Susan_Herring
Early proto-writing system
The proto-cuneiform script was a system of proto-writing that emerged in Mesopotamia c. 3350–3200 BC (during the Uruk period), eventually developing into
Proto-cuneiform
Japanese syllabary
syllabary, part of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana as well as kanji (Chinese characters). It is a phonetic lettering system. The word hiragana
Hiragana
on file systems. Many older operating systems support only their one "native" file system, which does not bear any name apart from the name of the operating
List_of_file_systems
1931–1941 Latin alphabet used for Mongolian in Mongolia
caused. Language portal Latinisation in the Soviet Union Mongolian writing systems Mongolian script Galik alphabet Todo alphabet ʼPhags-pa script Horizontal
Mongolian_Latin_alphabet
Writing system used for several Batak languages
Sisiasia) is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The script
Batak_script
2021 science-fiction novel by Andy Weir
Goddard writing (his second Andy Weir adaptation) and Phil Lord and Christopher Miller directing. It was released in theaters on March 20, 2026. As of the
Project_Hail_Mary
Scientific journal
List of systems science journals "Master Journal List". Intellectual Property & Science. Clarivate Analytics. Retrieved 2018-06-08. "Inspec list of journals"
Complex_Systems_(journal)
Writing system for the blind
The Moon System of Embossed Reading (commonly known as the Moon writing, Moon alphabet, Moon script, Moon type, or Moon code) is a writing system for the
Moon_type
parallel omitted. Unlike most modern systems of Cantonese romanization, a distinction is made between two series of sibilants, which means there is still
Standard_Romanization
Arabic alphabet used in Southeast Asia
Malay: Jawi; Malay pronunciation: [d͡ʒä.wi]) is a writing system used for writing several languages of Southeast Asia, such as Acehnese, Banjarese, Betawi
Jawi_script
Designing how data is held in a database
database management system manages the data accordingly. Database design is a process that consists of several steps. The first step of database design involves
Database_design
Structured system of communication
generally considered to be the earliest writing systems, both emerging out of their ancestral proto-literate symbol systems from 3400 to 3200 BC with the earliest
Language
Indonesian writing system
William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. pp. 474, 480. Dalby, Andrew (1998). Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference
Lontara_script
architectures. The earliest geographic information systems, such as the Canadian Geographic Information System started in 1963, were bespoke programs developed
Geographic information system software
Geographic_information_system_software
Armenian-American metal band
of Sound. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2018. Grow, Kory. "Serj Tankian on Writing 'Requiem Music,' System of a
System_of_a_Down
between the appearance of Homo ("humans"; first stone tools c. three million years ago) and the invention of writing systems (for the Ancient Near East:
List_of_time_periods
computers List of typefaces Unicode typeface A font targeted to a writing system usually still contains glyphs in the other writing systems. If a Unicode
List_of_CJK_fonts
Undeciphered Bronze Age script
script, Proto-Byblian, Proto-Byblic, or Byblic, is an undeciphered writing system, known from fourteen inscriptions found in Byblos, a coastal city in
Byblos_syllabary
Defunct writing system of Canada's Mi'kmaq First Nation
Mi'kmaw hieroglyphic writing or Suckerfish script (Mi'kmawi'simk: Gomgwejui'gasit) was a writing system for the Mi'kmaq language, later superseded by various
Mi'kmaw_hieroglyphs
chronological order by date, are: Undeciphered writing systems (cleartext, natural-language writing of unknown meaning) Karen Puzzles (2021-03-07). The
List_of_ciphertexts
Austronesian language spoken on Buton island, Indonesia
attempting to spread the script outside of Korea, particularly to languages that do not yet have their own writing systems. In the 1990s, a Hangul-based alphabet
Cia-Cia_language
Early Bronze Age writing system in present-day Iran
many similarities between the writing systems of the Proto-Elamite tablets and the contemporaneous proto-cuneiform tablets of the Uruk IV period in Mesopotamia
Proto-Elamite_script
International standard for romanization of Arabic script
Machine (2010) "ISO/R 233:1961". ISO. Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts -A collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pedersen
ISO_233
Chinese-based Vietnamese writing system
boxes, or other symbols instead of Vietnamese scripts. Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese
Chữ_Nôm
Obsolete tactile form of the Latin script
Decapoint, or Raphigraphy, was a tactile form of the Latin script invented by Louis Braille as a writing system that could be used by both the blind and sighted
Decapoint
Writing systems used before the Latin alphabet in Iberia
The Paleohispanic scripts are the ancient writing systems created in the Iberian Peninsula before the Latin alphabet became the dominant script. They
Paleohispanic_scripts
American journal
with the primary tenet of the journal being that reading and writing together form a new, separate, and autonomous language system. The journal has evolved
Visible_Language
Phonetic transcription system for sign languages
Unlike SignWriting and the Stokoe system, it is not intended as a practical writing system, and is mainly used to describe the nuances of a single sign
Hamburg_Notation_System
Fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet
Alphabet only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems): Ŋ ŋ : Latin letter eng, which represents a velar nasal in the IPA
N
Writing system
language Syriac Malayalam Old Uyghur alphabet History of the alphabet List of writing systems Also ܐܒܓܕ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ʾabgad Sūryāyā. Also pronounced/transliterated
Syriac_alphabet
Second letter of the Latin alphabet
represent the voiced bilabial stop phone. In phonological transcription systems for specific languages, /b/ may be used to represent a lenis phoneme, not
B
Fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
early computer systems, many Hong Kongers and Singaporeans used the capitalized D to represent 啲 (di1; 'a little'). In the Gregory-Aland system for cataloging
D
Romanization of Japanese
to avoid the practice that other systems use of sometimes writing (n) and sometimes (n') depending on the presence of a following vowel or (y). There is
JSL_romanization
Interdisciplinary study of systems
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary study of systems, i.e., cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial
Systems_theory
List of written symbols used in the ancient Near East
Cuneiform is one of the earliest systems of writing, emerging in Sumer in the late fourth millennium BC. Archaic versions of cuneiform writing, including the
List_of_cuneiform_signs
Smallest functional written unit
meaning of how ⟨ ⟩, | |, / /, and [ ] are used here, see this page. In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. The word
Grapheme
Austroasiatic language
example of an early form of the Nôm is found in a list of names in the Tháp Miếu Temple Inscription, dating from the early 13th century AD. Nôm writing reached
Vietnamese_language
Although people in many parts of the world share common alphabets and numeral systems (versions of the Latin writing system are used throughout the Americas
Regional handwriting variation
Regional_handwriting_variation
Book series by Sarah J. Maas
of the Moon, and Tam Lin. These tales inspired the finished series, though it was not ultimately a dedicated retelling. She began writing A Court of Thorns
A_Court_of_Thorns_and_Roses
Chinese characters used in Japanese writing
from Chinese writing scripts, used in the writing of Japanese. They comprised a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese
Kanji
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LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
Female
English
 Variant spelling of English Liza, LISA means "God is my oath." Compare with another form of Lisa.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Hebrew, Swedish
God's Promise; Abbreviation of Elisabeth; My God is Bountiful; God of Plenty; Devoted to God; God is My Oath
Female
Hebrew
(לִי×ַתּ) Hebrew name LIAT means "you are mine."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Reading 2.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon and Cornwall)
English (Devon and Cornwall) : probably a variant spelling of Guest.
Male
Native American
Native American Miwok name LISE means "salmon head rising above water." Compare with feminine Lise.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Cunning.
Boy/Male
Native American
Salmon's head rising above water.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish
Jewish : shortened form of some Ashkenazic surname such as Littman or Litwin.English : variant of Light ‘little’.Dutch and North German : from a short form of a Germanic personal name formed with liut ‘people’, ‘tribe’ as the first element.
Female
English
Short form of English Elisabeth, LIS means "God is my oath."Â
Female
French
French form of German Elise, ÉLISE means "God is my oath."Â
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire)
English (chiefly Yorkshire) : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Browning. Compare Brunning.Americanized spelling of German Breuning (see Breunig).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : unexplained. Probably a shortened form of northern Irish and Scottish McLeish.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Indian, Italian, Jamaican, Netherlands, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil
Consecrated to God; Oath of God; My God is Bountiful; God's Promise; God is My Oath
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : metonymic occupational name for a cobbler, or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a maker of cobblers’ lasts (see Laster).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a porter, from Middle High German last; German Last or Yiddish last ‘burden’, ‘load’.Dutch : metonymic occupational name as in 2, from Middle Dutch last ‘load’, ‘burden’; or a nickname for an awkward character, from Dutch last ‘trouble’, ‘nuisance’.French : habitational name from a place so named in Puy-de-Dôme.
Female
Italian
 Short form of Italian Elisabetta, LISA means "God is my oath." Compare with another form of Lisa.
Female
Norwegian
Danish and Norwegian form of German Liese, LISE means "God is my oath."Â Compare with masculine Lise.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Whiting.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Latin Valentinus, BÃLINT means "healthy, strong."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from White.Rev. Samuel Whiting arrived in Boston, MA, in May 1636, and made his home in Lynn, MA.
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
LIST OF-WRITING-SYSTEMS
n.
A roll or catalogue, that is row or line; a record of names; as, a list of names, books, articles; a list of ratable estate.
v. i.
To lean; to incline; as, the ship lists to port.
n.
A riding. See Trithing.
n.
Any written composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary production; a book; as, the writings of Addison.
v. t.
Parted with; no longer held or possessed; as, a lost limb; lost honor.
v. t.
To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last; as, to last a boot.
v. t.
To pronounce with a lisp.
n.
Any one of several species of North American marine sciaenoid food fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus, found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting.
3d pers. sing. pres.
of Last, to endure, contracted from lasteth.
n.
A lift gate. See Lift gate, below.
n.
An inclination to one side; as, the ship has a list to starboard.
n.
To list; to like.
n.
Lust; desire; pleasure.
a.
Last; least.
v. t.
To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.
n.
A young whiting.
v. t.
To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of; as, to list a board.
v. t.
To enroll; to place or register in a list.
v. t.
To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; as, to list a door; to stripe as if with list.
v. t.
Hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; alienated; insensible; as, lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor.
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