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Mathematical software
LINPACK is a software library for performing numerical linear algebra on digital computers. It was written in Fortran by Jack Dongarra, Jim Bunch, Cleve
LINPACK
Measure of a systems floating point architecture
The LINPACK benchmarks are a measure of a system's floating-point computing power. Introduced by Jack Dongarra, they measure how fast a computer solves
LINPACK_benchmarks
Database project devoted to the ranking of computers
rankings on HPL benchmarks, a portable implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers. The most
TOP500
Computing with supercomputers and clusters
fastest high-performance computers, as measured by the High Performance LINPACK (HPL) benchmark. Not all existing computers are ranked, either because
High-performance_computing
Measure of computer performance
TOP500 list certified Titan as the world's fastest supercomputer per the LINPACK benchmark, at 17.59 petaFLOPS. It was developed by Cray Inc. at the Oak
Floating point operations per second
Floating_point_operations_per_second
Numerical computing environment and programming language
library for linear algebra in MATLAB 6, replacing the software's original LINPACK and EISPACK subroutines that were in C. MATLAB's Parallel Computing Toolbox
MATLAB
Routines for performing common linear algebra operations
algebra subroutine library LINPACK. The BLAS abstraction allows customization for high performance. For example, LINPACK is a general purpose library
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
(*) denotes Rmax – the highest sustained performance measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite. History of supercomputing List of the top supercomputers
List_of_fastest_computers
Supercomputer in Jiangsu, China
as of November 2025[update], is ranked 24th in the TOP500 list, with a LINPACK benchmark rating of 93 petaflops. The name is translated as divine power
Sunway_TaihuLight
Type of extremely powerful computer
LINPACK benchmarks and shown as "Rmax" in the TOP500 list. The LINPACK benchmark typically performs LU decomposition of a large matrix. The LINPACK performance
Supercomputer
Supercomputer
and also the first supercomputer to score above one teraflops on the LINPACK benchmark, a test that measures a computer's calculation speed. Later upgrades
ASCI_Red
NASA supercomputer at Ames Research Center/NAS
it is ranked the 32nd most powerful computer on the TOP500 list with a LINPACK rating of 5.95 petaflops (5.95 quadrillion floating point operations per
Pleiades_(supercomputer)
Software library for numerical linear algebra
equations and linear least-squares routines of LINPACK and the eigenvalue routines of EISPACK. LINPACK, written in the 1970s and 1980s, was designed to
LAPACK
American mathematician (1939–2026)
numerical analysis. In the mid to late 1970s, he was one of the authors of LINPACK and EISPACK, Fortran libraries for numerical computing. He created MATLAB
Cleve_Moler
Ranking of supercomputers from the TOP500 by energy efficiency
measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precision floating-point format. The Green500 List
Green500
real time. 93.01 × 1015: Sunway TaihuLight's LINPACK performance, June 2016 143.5 × 1015: Summit's LINPACK performance, November 2018 1 × 1018: Fugaku
Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude
Federal research center in Tennessee, US
Dongarra of ORNL and the University of Tennessee wrote the LINPACK software library and LINPACK benchmarks, used to calculate linear algebra and the standard
Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory
value decomposition. Originally written around 1972–1973, EISPACK, like LINPACK and MINPACK, originated from Argonne National Laboratory, has always been
EISPACK
(1979). LINPACK users' guide. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Dongarra, J. J., Luszczek, P., & Petitet, A. (2003). The LINPACK benchmark:
List_of_numerical_libraries
Computer energy efficiency
power consumed. This rate is typically measured by performance on the LINPACK benchmark when trying to compare between computing systems: an example
Performance_per_watt
American computer scientist (born 1950)
implementation of the following open-source software packages and systems: EISPACK, LINPACK, the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS), Linear Algebra Package (LAPACK)
Jack_Dongarra
Series of supercomputers by IBM
holding 1,024 compute nodes, achieved first place in the TOP500 list, with a LINPACK benchmarks performance of 70.72 TFLOPS. It thereby overtook NEC's Earth
IBM_Blue_Gene
Chess-playing computer made by IBM
the TOP500 list, achieving 11.38 GFLOPS on the parallel high performance LINPACK benchmark. Deeper Blue was capable of evaluating 200 million positions
Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)
General-purpose programming language
1145/1810226.1820518. "HPL – A Portable Implementation of the High-Performance Linpack Benchmark for Distributed-Memory Computers". Retrieved February 21, 2015
Fortran
Japanese supercomputer
performance of Fugaku was a Rmax of 416 petaFLOPS in the FP64 high performance LINPACK benchmark used by the TOP500. After the November 2020 upgrade in the number
Fugaku_(supercomputer)
original on 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2011-10-11. As http://www.netlib.org/linpack says, LINPACK is largely superseded by LAPACK. Walter H. Vandevender, Karen H
SLATEC
Former supercomputer built by IBM
achieved 1.026 petaflops on May 25, 2008, to become the world's first TOP500 LINPACK sustained 1.0 petaflops system. In November 2008, it reached a top performance
Roadrunner_(supercomputer)
Supercomputer in Italy
node, for a total of 3,456 nodes. This module will be capable of 240.50 LINPACK petaflops, and is expected to be online by autumn 2022. The second module
Leonardo_(supercomputer)
Series of computing systems
inaugurated HPC3, achieving a peak power of 8.4 petaflops and a sustained LINPACK performance of 5.8 petaflops. It featured a mix of high-performance CPUs
HPC_(Eni)
Supercomputer developed by IBM
position on the TOP500 list from June 2018 to June 2020. As of June 2024, its LINPACK benchmark was clocked at 148.6 petaFLOPS. Summit was decommissioned on
Summit_(supercomputer)
American computer scientist
EISPACK Harwell Subroutine Library IMSL Numerical Libraries LAPACK Librsb LINPACK Lis Math Kernel Library MINPACK NAG Fortran Library Netlib PETSc QUADPACK
John_Backus
Maurice R Garbow sr is the right name
nonlinear equations. MINPACK, along with other similar libraries such as LINPACK and EISPACK, originated from the Mathematics and Computer Science Division
MINPACK
Series of supercomputers for earth sciences
atmosphere and the oceans down to a resolution of 10 km. Its performance on the LINPACK benchmark was 35.86 TFLOPS, which was almost five times faster than the
Earth_Simulator
Standardized performance evaluation
normally abstracted from actual program popular kernel: Livermore loop linpack benchmark (contains basic linear algebra subroutine written in FORTRAN
Benchmark_(computing)
Series of supercomputers by IBM
From a peak performance of 136.19 GFLOPS, it obtained 88.40 GFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark. Deep Blue, the first computer to win a chess game against a
IBM_RS/6000_SP
Public research university in Moscow, Russia
Russian) was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60 TFLOPS (LINPACK – 47.170 TFLOPS) made it the fastest supercomputer in the Commonwealth
Moscow_State_University
Computer systems capable of one petaFLOPS
floating-point format) operations per second using the High Performance LINPACK (HPLinpack) benchmark. The metric typically refers to single computing
Petascale_computing
American supercomputer manufacturer
dubbed Jaguar and was the fastest computer in the world as measured by the LINPACK benchmark at the speed of 1.75 petaflops until being surpassed by the Tianhe-1A
Cray
Computer's capacity to move data around
capability varies from application to application, but it is clear that the LINPACK benchmarks traditionally used for rating the FLOPS of supercomputers do
Traversed_edges_per_second
32-bit microprocessor
rather more modest gains over the 80486 and SPARC in Motorola's chosen LINPACK benchmark, largely confined to double-precision operations, and vendor
Motorola_68040
Series of supercomputers by NEC
nodes, was the fastest supercomputer from June 2002 to June 2004 on the LINPACK benchmark, achieving 35.86 TFLOPS. The SX-9 was introduced in 2007 and
NEC_SX
American supercomputer
number of GPUs to perform at a theoretical peak of 27 petaFLOPS; in the LINPACK benchmark used to rank supercomputers' speed, it performed at 17.59 petaFLOPS
Titan_(supercomputer)
debuted June 2012 in 3rd place. It has a performance of 8.59 petaflops (LINPACK) and consumes 3.9 MW. The supercomputer was constructed by IBM for Argonne
Mira_(supercomputer)
Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software BLAS BLIS EISPACK LAPACK Librsb LINPACK Lis MINPACK PETSc QUADPACK SLATEC SOFA Colt Efficient Java Matrix Library
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Supercomputer in Switzerland
272 MW Operating system Linux (CLE) Storage 8.7 PB Speed 25.326 PFLOPS (LINPACK) Ranking TOP500: 20th, as of November 2021[update] Website www.cscs
Piz_Daint_(supercomputer)
1993 supercomputer by Fujitsu and NAL
doi:10.1109/HPC.1997.592130. Rmax – The highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmark suite. This is the number that is used to rank the computers
Numerical_Wind_Tunnel
Former supercomputer in the United States
peak performance of 12.3 TFLOPS was not achieved in the widely accepted LINPACK tests. The system cost US$110 million (equivalent to $206 million in 2025)
ASCI_White
Supercomputer system
28 petaFLOPS. Because it's not a general-purpose machine capable of running the LINPACK benchmarks, MDGRAPE-3 does not qualify for the TOP500 list. Supercomputing
RIKEN_MDGRAPE-3
the Top 500 list with a peak quoted speed of 0.9 TFLOPS and a sustained Linpack benchmark of 0.46 TFLOPS. In principle, the SST machine has a peak speed
ASCI_Blue_Pacific
Rating of supercomputer systems
instead of focusing on computer benchmarks like HPL (High Performance Linpack), which TOP500 is based on. Despite its name, there were several hundreds
Graph500
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: The Yamaha R-MAX unmanned helicopter In the high performance LINPACK benchmarks of supercomputers it refers to the performance in GFLOPS for
R_max
Volunteer computing project
of a Cray-2 (the fastest computer in the world in 1985) on an embedded LINPACK benchmark. There is currently no government funding for SETI research,
SETI@home
IBM supercomputer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Sequoia replaced the K computer as the world's fastest supercomputer, with a LINPACK performance of 17.17 petaflops, 63% faster than the K computer's 10.51
Sequoia_(supercomputer)
Benchmark in high-performance computing
theoretically deliver. HPCG is intended to complement benchmarks such as the LINPACK benchmarks that put relatively little stress on the internal interconnect
HPCG_benchmark
10000 was released; this had a sustained performance of 38 GFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark. The C-DAC's third mission was to develop a teraFLOPS range computer
Supercomputing_in_India
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
Pro on April 4, 2007. The X5365 performs up to around 38 GFLOPS in the LINPACK benchmark. On November 11, 2007 Intel presented Yorkfield-based Xeons –
Xeon
Artificial intelligence computer system made by IBM
Pearson estimated Watson's hardware cost at about three million dollars. Its Linpack performance stands at 80 TeraFLOPs, which is about half as fast as the
IBM_Watson
Operating system for high performance computing
the TOP500 list, a ranking of the world's fastest supercomputers, with a LINPACK score of 68.5 teraflops. The NCSA supercomputer uses both Windows Server
Windows_HPC_Server_2008
Fujitsu supercomputer
which was the first supercomputer to obtain more than 10 PFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark. In its largest configuration, the PRIMEHPC FX10 has a peak performance
PRIMEHPC_FX10
Topics referred to by the same term
TSMC semiconductor wafer type HPL (benchmark), an implementation of the LINPACK computing benchmark H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937), American author This disambiguation
HPL
Software repository
EISPACK LAPACK LINPACK MINPACK QUADPACK The SLATEC package is special in that it comprises a number of other packages like BLAS and LINPACK. GNU Scientific
Netlib
The 1024 processor system of the SR2201 achieved 220.4 GFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark, which corresponded to 72% of the peak performance. H. Fujii
Hitachi_SR2201
Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software BLAS BLIS EISPACK LAPACK Librsb LINPACK Lis MINPACK PETSc QUADPACK SLATEC SOFA Apache Commons Math Colt Efficient
List of open-source software for mathematics
List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics
Synthetic benchmark for evaluating the performance of computers
far larger fraction of the reported times.". Dhrystone FLOPS Gibson Mix LINPACK benchmarks Million instructions per second (MIPS) Curnow, H J; Wichmann
Whetstone_(benchmark)
Computing Machines. "HPL – A Portable Implementation of the High-Performance Linpack Benchmark for Distributed-Memory Computers". Retrieved 2015-02-21. Hopper
History of programming languages
History_of_programming_languages
including ADEPT – 4 suites relating to energy measurements HPCC, HPCG, Linpack IMB (Intel MPI Benchmark) – gives rates for common MPI-1 point-to-point
List of benchmarking methods and software tools
List_of_benchmarking_methods_and_software_tools
1985 supercomputer model
iPad 2 matched the historical performance of the Cray-2 on an embedded LINPACK benchmark. Due to the use of liquid cooling, the Cray-2 was given the nickname
Cray-2
Chinese supercomputer
performance of 1.07016 PFLOPS, sustained performance of 795.9 TFLOPS, LINPACK efficiency 74.37%, and total power consumption 1074 kW. The Sunway BlueLight
Sunway_BlueLight
Japanese research organization
While the K computer was being installed at Riken, in 2011 it topped the LINPACK benchmark with the performance of 8.162 petaFLOPS, or 8.162 quadrillion
Riken
Supercomputer in China
Tesla C2050 GPUs, it has a peak performance of 1.271 petaflops using the LINPACK benchmark suite. Nebulae was ranked the second most powerful computer in
Nebulae_(computer)
project. The system uses 40,960 SW26010s to obtain 93.01 PFLOPS on the LINPACK benchmark. SW26010P includes 6 core groups (CGs), each of which includes
Sunway_SW26010
NASA Supercomputer
second most powerful supercomputer on the TOP500 list in November 2004 at a LINPACK rating of 51.87 teraflops, or 51.87 trillion floating point calculations
Columbia_(supercomputer)
Supercomputer purchase program
cluster and by Saturday, having all of them wired up, burned in, and running Linpack. The last Peloton clusters were retired in June 2012. "Linux at Livermore"
Peloton_(supercomputer)
Supercomputer in Kobe, Japan
20 June 2011, the TOP500 Project Committee announced that K had set a LINPACK record with a performance of 8.162 petaflops, making it the fastest supercomputer
K_computer
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
speeds, having gained a sustained 1.026 petaFLOPS speed using the standard LINPACK benchmark. IBM Roadrunner used the PowerXCell 8i version of the Cell processor
Cell_(processor)
Canadian consortium of universities
list as the 95th fastest computer in the world with a High Performance Linpack result of 1,228 TeraFLOPS. SHARCNET was originally founded in June, 2001
SHARCNET
Nuclear research facility in Mumbai, India
and PARALLEL PROCESSING SUPERCOMPUTER ANUPAM-ATULYA:Provides sustained LINPACK performance of 1.35 PetaFlops for solving complex scientific problems.
Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre
Measure of supercomputer performance
floating-point format) operations per second using the High Performance LINPACK (HPLinpack) benchmark. In 2018, Chinese scientists predicted that the first
Zettascale_computing
American software company
the TOP500 as the 242nd most powerful computer, based on results on the LINPACK benchmark. Synopsys has been a constituent of the Nasdaq-100 and S&P 500
Synopsys
(with the modes of operation indicated for each): HPL (High Performance LINPACK) – measures performance of a solver for a dense system of linear equations
HPC_Challenge_Benchmark
Chinese microprocessor manufacturer
reported peak performance of 1 TFLOPS, and about 350 GFLOPS measured by LINPACK. This supercomputer was designed by a joint team led by Chen Guoliang at
Loongson
Supercomputer site in the United States
TOP500 list, is the fastest computer in the world with a High Performance Linpack (HPL) performance of 148.6 petaflops. Summit is also the first computer
National Center for Computational Sciences
National_Center_for_Computational_Sciences
Supercomputer by Cray Research
(PDF). p. 10. Dongarra, Jack (2007). "Frequently Asked Questions on the Linpack Benchmark and Top500". Netlib. Retrieved 2014-01-14. Arthur Trew and Greg
Cray_Y-MP
Supercomputer centre in Linköping, Sweden
operates the Triolith supercomputer which achieved 407.2 Teraflops on the LINPACK benchmark which rendered it place 79 on the November 2013 issue of the
National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden
National_Supercomputer_Centre_in_Sweden
American science and engineering research laboratory in Illinois
algebra programs from ALGOL to Fortran and this library was expanded into LINPACK and EISPACK, by Cleve Moler, et al. Materials for Energy: Argonne scientists
Argonne_National_Laboratory
Supercomputer in the Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Refrigerated jail MareNostrum 2 - Refrigerated racks MareNostrum 2 - Door LINPACK TOP500 IBM BladeCenter and POWER Microprocessor Fuel Europe's Most Powerful
MareNostrum
Fortran compiler
EISPACK Harwell Subroutine Library IMSL Numerical Libraries LAPACK Librsb LINPACK Lis Math Kernel Library MINPACK NAG Fortran Library Netlib PETSc QUADPACK
GNU_Fortran
RISC instruction set architecture
developed in China. However, those processors did not contribute to the LINPACK score. ERC32 — based on SPARC V7 specification Ross Technology, Inc. —
SPARC
2003 supercomputer at Virginia Tech
first university computer to achieve 10 teraflops on the high performance LINPACK benchmark. In 2003 it was also touted as "the world's most powerful and
System_X_(supercomputer)
resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the Linpack benchmark. A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced Cray XT4 technology:
Red_Storm_(computing)
American computer hardware manufacturer (1970–1991)
advertising, with the 38 peak MFLOPS of the FPS-264 corresponding to a LINPACK rating of 9.9 MFLOPS and a Whetstone rating of 19 MWIPS. In 1987, FPS and
Floating_Point_Systems
co-founded 3Com Cleve Moler California Beta, 1961 one of the authors of LINPACK, EISPACK, Fortran; creator of MATLAB; and co-founder of MathWorks Ken Oshman
List_of_Tau_Beta_Pi_members
American computer scientist
achieved 1.026 petaflops on May 25, 2008, to become the world's first TOP500 LINPACK sustained 1.0 petaflops system. It was also the fourth-most energy-efficient
Michael_Gschwind
Cluster supercomputer at Virginia Tech
16.78 teraflops and peaking at 22.94 teraflops. It ran at a "sustained (Linpack) performance of 22.8 TFlops". It transmitted data between nodes over Gigabit
System_G_(supercomputer)
Supercomputer of Taiwan
will be allocated to academia and 75% for commercial use. Cores: 40,960 Linpack performance: 22.30 PFlop/s Theoretical peak: 34.53 PFlop/s Semiconductor
Taipei-1_(supercomputer)
Supercomputing platform
computer has a theoretical peak performance of 27.1 petaFLOPS but in the LINPACK benchmark used by the TOP500 organisation to rank supercomputers it performed
Cray_XK7
Sixth-generation x86 microprocessor by Intel
computer, taking the No.1 spot on the 9th TOP500 list in June 1997 with a Linpack performance of 1.068 teraflop/s. [...] It was a mesh-based (38 X 32 X 2)
Pentium_Pro
Computer systems capable of one exaFLOPS
floating-point format) operations per second using the High Performance LINPACK (HPLinpack) benchmark. Whilst a distributed computing system had broken
Exascale_computing
Former government agency in the UK
hardware instruction set. CCTA also influenced the programming code for Linpack and Livermore loops floating point benchmarks, initially for PC versions
Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency
Central_Computer_and_Telecommunications_Agency
NASA supercomputer
CPU, delivering up to 8.32 theoretical petaflops, and 5.44 petaflops (LINPACK) as of June 2019. "Electra Supercomputer". www.nas.nasa.gov. Retrieved
Electra_(supercomputer)
LINPACK
LINPACK
LINPACK
LINPACK
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The shade; the sound of the number; his image.
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