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Search references for LEXICAL DIFFUSION. Phrases containing LEXICAL DIFFUSION
See searches and references containing LEXICAL DIFFUSION!LEXICAL DIFFUSION
Theory of sound changes in linguistics
Lexical diffusion is the hypothesis that a sound change is an abrupt change that spreads gradually across the words in a language to which it is applicable
Lexical_diffusion
Chinese linguist (born 1933)
Computer formed the basis for Wang's theory of language change known as lexical diffusion. An important early paper outlining this theory was "Competing Changes
William_Shi-Yuan_Wang
Indo-Aryan language
Rajyashree (1994). Goparaju Sambasiva Rao (ed.). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 45–58. ISBN 978-81-7188-057-7
Marathi_language
Proposed subgroup of Austronesian languages
in 2023, Alexander D. Smith reinterpreted the branch as a "zone of lexical diffusion" rather than a proper linguistic branch. Blust connects the GNB expansion
Greater North Borneo languages
Greater_North_Borneo_languages
Stable natural languages that have developed from a pidgin
Wittmann, Henri (2001). "CreoList debate, parts I-VI, appendixes 1-9". Lexical diffusion and the glottogenetics of creole French. The Linguist List. Eastern
Creole_language
Geographic areas of indigenous languages
language families of the Americas, and use this word as a case study of lexical diffusion due to trade and contact. In California, identical roots for ‘dog’
Linguistic areas of the Americas
Linguistic_areas_of_the_Americas
School of German historical linguists
questioned this hypothesis from two perspectives. First, adherents of lexical diffusion (where a sound change affects only a few words at first and then gradually
Neogrammarian
occasionally from speaker to speaker, which is an example of sound change by lexical diffusion. The Middle English merger of the vowels with the spellings ⟨our⟩
English-language vowel changes before historical /r/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/r/
State in western India
Rajyashree (1994). Goparaju Sambasiva Rao (ed.). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 45–58. ISBN 978-81-7188-057-7
Maharashtra
Type of linguistic change
Arnhem Land, Australia: Morphosyntactic convergence and massive lexical diffusion in the Yuulgnu languages Ritharngnu, Dhayʔyi, and others and the "Prefixing"
Language_convergence
Topics referred to by the same term
one Lexical diffusion of sound changes across a language Diffusion (cryptography), the spreading of influence of bits in a cipher Error diffusion in image
Diffusion_(disambiguation)
Phonetic process
(1992). Sound Change in Progress: a study of phonological change and lexical diffusion, with reference to glottalization and r-loss in the speech of some
Glottalization
Historical script used in the Maratha Empire
23 October 2025. Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49. ISBN 9788171880577
Modi_script
Dravidian language
ISBN 978-3-447-04455-4. Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2001). "Areal and Lexical Diffusion of Sound Change: Evidence from Dravidian". Comparative Dravidian Linguistics
Telugu_language
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
for lexical diffusion for [f] and the results found from Glaswegian speakers confirm this.[citation needed] The existing and particular lexical distribution
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
distinction) the complete merger of the two lexical sets under /æɪ/ — the completion of a slow process of lexical diffusion." Walters (2001) reports the survival
Phonological history of English diphthongs
Phonological_history_of_English_diphthongs
Group of Sino-Tibetan languages of western Guizhou, China
(Sino-Tibetan) indicating a certain amount of language contact and lexical diffusion in the language. The extinction of Longjia and Luren, and the endangered
Cai–Long_languages
Reconstructed ancestor of the Australian language family
Instead he argues forcefully that phonological, morphological, and lexical diffusion in Australia is so pervasive and the time depths involved are so vast
Proto-Australian_language
Compound or phrase with an interpolated word in the middle
head right out. Interfix Affix Clitic Diacope Expletive infixation Lexical diffusion Portuguese personal pronouns § Syntax on future verbs Separable verb
Tmesis
Modern Hellenic language
languages. Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 823–836. Joseph, Brian D. (2012). "Lexical diffusion and the regular transmission of language chang in its sociohistorical
Tsakonian_Greek
Rare disorder in which a person's lexicon is perceived as taste
Lexical–gustatory synesthesia is a rare form of synesthesia in which spoken and written language (as well as some colors and emotions) causes individuals
Lexical–gustatory_synesthesia
Linguistic process
University of Brasília. Jespersen 2025, pp. 5–7. Tottie, Gunnel (1991). "Lexical diffusion in syntactic change: Frequency as a determinant of linguistic conservatism
Jespersen's_cycle
Linguistic hypothesis on the origin of the English language
of California Press. Heath, Jeffrey (1981). "A case of intensive lexical diffusion". Language. 57: 335–367. doi:10.2307/413694. JSTOR 413694. Bakker
Middle English creole hypothesis
Middle_English_creole_hypothesis
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
past decades, however, this has been challenged by the theory of lexical diffusion, which argues that sound change need not necessarily affect all possible
Sound_change
Mongolian variety of Inner Mongolia, China
kill'), thus /i/ (<*i) does occur in pharyngeal words as well. Through lexical diffusion, /i/ <*e is to be observed in some words such as /in/ < *ene ‘this’
Chakhar_Mongolian
Style of Devanagari used for writing the Marathi language
Directorate of Languages. Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49. ISBN 9788171880577
Balbodh
Scientific technique used in historical linguistics
areal diffusion, when features are adopted by contiguous languages over a geographical area. The borrowing may be phonological, morphological or lexical. A
Comparative_method
French-based creole language spoken in Mauritius
l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières 1, 1972. [3] Wittmann, Henri. « Lexical diffusion and the glottogenetics of creole French. » CreoList debate, parts
Mauritian_Creole
French-creole language of the western Indian Ocean
Presses universitaires de Trois-Rivières.[3] Wittmann, Henri (2001). "Lexical diffusion and the glottogenetics of creole French." CreoList debate, parts I-VI
Bourbonnais_Creole
Series of sound changes affecting some West Germanic languages
unshifted voiceless stops is highly regular and not the result of lexical diffusion; it even occurs in the conjugation paradigms of strong verbs, e.g
High_German_consonant_shift
Australian Aboriginal languages
Strait Islander Studies Heath, Jeffrey, 1990, A case of intensive lexical diffusion: Arnhem Land, Australia Van Egmond, M-E. (2012). "Enindhilyakwa phonology
Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages
Type of linguistic change
from above and below refer to consciousness and not social class. Lexical diffusion is a major kind of change. It includes changes of words, sounds, mergers
Change_from_above
Generalization of inflection
different vowel used in the preterite singular and past participle. Lexical diffusion Realizational morphology "Paradigm". SIL Glossary of Linguistic Terms
Morphological_leveling
Movement to teach "correct" Cantonese pronunciation in Hong Kong
Walsh, 1907. Bauer, R. S. Alveolarization in Cantonese: A case of lexical diffusion. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 7, 1979, 132–141. Zee, E. Change
Proper Cantonese pronunciation
Proper_Cantonese_pronunciation
Swiss-French linguist and dialectologist (1854–1926)
erroneously cited as its source. His work was in the early tradition of lexical diffusion, which sees sound changes as spreading word-by-word according to their
Jules_Gilliéron
English Baptist missionary and a Particular Baptist minister (1761–1834)
Edinburgh. pp. 69–70. Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49. ISBN 978-81-7188-057-7
William_Carey_(missionary)
Grammar of the Marathi language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Maharashtra, India
Marathi language Rao, Goparaju Sambasiva (1994). Language Change: Lexical Diffusion and Literacy. Academic Foundation. pp. 48 and 49. ISBN 9788171880577
Marathi_grammar
Metrical feature found in Roman comedy
Final -o in Classical Latin: A Study in Multiple Conditioning and Lexical Diffusion of Sound Change". Indogermanische Forschungen (1986). Sturtevant,
Brevis_brevians
Hypothesis concerning the internal classification of the Indo-Aryan language family
Maithili and broadly Eastern IA, but Southworth suggests cases of lexical diffusion from east to west bypassing the Madhyadeśa languages, and thus linguistic
Inner–Outer_hypothesis
Reconstructed ancestor of the Palaungic languages
that Palaungic and Khmuic share many lexical items, but considers this phenomenon to be a result of lexical diffusion due to intense language contact. Sidwell
Proto-Palaungic_language
Psycholinguistic procedure
Ratcliff, Roger; Gomez, Pablo; McKoon, Gail (2004). "A Diffusion Model Account of the Lexical Decision Task". Psychological Review. 111 (1): 159–182.
Lexical_decision_task
Canadian linguist from Quebec
Paper, 9th International Conference on Creoles Studies.[26] 2001. "Lexical diffusion and the glottogenetics of creole French." CreoList debate, parts I-VI
Henri_Wittmann
Dialect of Veluws
oe. In all of Sallaans and western Achterhoeks (as in Zutphens), lexical diffusion takes place, and words like huus/huis 'house' and moes/muis 'mouse'
Oost-Veluws_dialect
Method to measure individual sensitivity
stimulus and must choose between one of two alternatives. For example, in a lexical decision task a participant observes a string of characters and must respond
Two-alternative_forced_choice
Convergence zone and proposed language family
strong proof of common Proto-Altaic lexical items nor solid regular sound correspondences but, rather, only lexical and structural borrowings between languages
Altaic_languages
Language family native to Asia
reliance on lexical items, which are not seen as robust indicators of language ancestry. Another study, seeking to identify horizontal diffusion rather than
Sino-Tibetan_languages
Variety of French spoken in Switzerland
differences between the French of Switzerland and of France are most noticeably lexical, influenced by local substrate languages. While substantial phonological
Swiss_French
Interaction between different languages
Areal feature Calque Code-switching Creole language Diffusion Language island Language transfer Lexical gap Lingua franca Linguistic anthropology Loanword
Language_contact
Historical and contemporary phonology of the Cornish language
and George, suggest that this change took place by a process of lexical diffusion beginning c. 1100, and completed in at least some varieties of Cornish
Cornish_phonology
Endangered language family of the Russian Far East
[Uralo-Siberian], although I believe that some of the lexical evidence [...] will hold up in terms of borrowing/diffusion." Gerhard Jäger, "Support for linguistic
Chukotko-Kamchatkan_languages
South Omotic language spoken in southwestern Ethiopia
described as being closely related to its neighbor, Hamer-Banna, with a lexical similarity of 81%, and is considered a dialect of Hamer by Blench (2006)
Karo_language_(Ethiopia)
Group of languages spoken in Mesoamerica
area of Mesoamerica. This sprachbund is defined by an array of syntactic, lexical and phonological traits as well as a number of ethnolinguistic traits found
Mesoamerican_language_area
North American language family
and the rest. He ascribed the similarities between the two groups to diffusion. Daniel Garrison Brinton added the Aztecan languages to the family in
Uto-Aztecan_languages
Variety of French spoken in Quebec
from both Canadian and American English to fill accidental gaps in the lexical fields of government, law, manufacturing, business and trade. From the
Quebec_French
Method of comparative linguistics
method of comparative linguistics that involves comparing the percentage of lexical cognates between languages to determine their relationship. Lexicostatistics
Lexicostatistics
Process of language formation
(3 ed.). Routledge. p. 293. Labov, William (2007). "Transmission and Diffusion". Language. 83 (2): 344–387. doi:10.1353/lan.2007.0082. Hock, Hans Heinrich
Borrowing_(linguistics)
Phonology of the English language
the dialect under consideration. When considering English as a whole, lexical sets are often used, each named by a word containing the vowel or vowels
English_phonology
Copenhagen. Retrieved 8 July 2021. Rydving, Håkan (2013). Words and varieties: lexical variation in Saami. Suomalais-ugrilaisen seuran toimituksia. Helsinki:
Names_of_the_days_of_the_week
[Uralo-Siberian], although I believe that some of the lexical evidence [...] will hold up in terms of borrowing/diffusion. Kortlandt, Frederik (2004). "NIVKH AS A
List of proposed language families
List_of_proposed_language_families
Subgroup of the Algonquian languages
grammatical features, but it shares a number of phonological innovations and lexical features with Maliseet-Passamaquoddy and Eastern and Western Abenaki. The
Eastern_Algonquian_languages
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
each other. Vector retrieval can be combined with metadata filtering or lexical search to support filtered and hybrid retrieval workflows. Common techniques
Vector_database
American businessman and software engineer (born 1955)
Schmidt in 1975 was co-author of Lex, a software program to generate lexical analysers for the Unix computer operating system. In 1983, he joined Sun
Eric_Schmidt
Sound change in some English dialects
quality around [ɔ̞]. In Standard Scottish English, both the LOT and THOUGHT lexical sets are realized with the vowel /ɔ/, producing homophones such as "knotty"
Cot–caught_merger
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
England's history, Old Norse served as an adstrate, contributing to the lexical structure of Old English. The phenomenon is less common today in standardized
Stratum_(linguistics)
Uto-Aztecan language branch of US
in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility. Recent lexical and grammatical diffusion studies in Western Numic have shown that while there are clear
Numic_languages
Hypothetical parent family of the Austroasiatic and Austronesian languages
missionary Wilhelm Schmidt in 1906. He showed phonological, morphological, and lexical evidence to support the existence of an Austric phylum consisting of Austroasiatic
Austric_languages
Romance language of Western Europe
and final -t/ch in place of medieval -ll-). There are also significant lexical differences, where some dialects have words cognate with French, and others
Occitan_language
Proposed language family of South America
among the language families are clearly due to more recent linguistic diffusion, as with Tupian and Jê languages (Timbira; Guajajara, Tembe, Guaja, Urubu-Ka'apor
Jê–Tupi–Carib_languages
Language family
continues to be used for the central Eurasian typological, grammatical and lexical convergence zone. Indeed, "Ural-Altaic" may be preferable[weasel words]
Ural-Altaic_languages
Loanword that occurs in several languages, with the same or similar meaning and etymology
Zuckermann, the most important languages that should include the same lexical item in order for it to qualify as an internationalism in Hebrew are Yiddish
Internationalism (linguistics)
Internationalism_(linguistics)
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
extent vertically (by ancestry) as opposed to horizontally (by spatial diffusion). In some cases, the shared derivation of a group of related languages
Language_family
Neuroscience and linguistics-related studies
strings of random letters (in attempt to isolate activation related to lexical processing—the processing of real words), or activations while participants
Neurolinguistics
Method in natural language processing
systems and in cognitive psychology. The notion of a semantic space with lexical items (words or multi-word terms) represented as vectors or embeddings
Word_embedding
Western Iranian language
Middle Persian origin, New Persian contains a considerable number of Arabic lexical items, which were Persianized and often took a different meaning and usage
Persian_language
Language that uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning
including lexical distinction, grammatical structure, adjectival or adverbial content, and discourse functions. At the lexical level, signs can be lexically specified
Sign_language
British linguist (born 1946)
[Uralo-Siberian], although I believe that some of the lexical evidence [...] will hold up in terms of borrowing/diffusion. "Uralic languages | Finno-Ugric, Samoyedic
Michael_Fortescue
Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people
The most significant of these was Medieval Greek, which contributed lexically, phonemically, and grammatically to Early Romani (10th–13th centuries)
Romani_language
Branch of the Chinese language family
sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese. Most Mandarin varieties have four lexical tones, alongside unstressed syllables commonly described as having a neutral
Mandarin_Chinese
Ancient South Semitic language
In one study, Tigre was found to have a 71% lexical similarity to Geʽez, while Tigrinya had a 68% lexical similarity to Geʽez, followed by Amharic at
Geʽez
Reconstructed ancestor of the Uto-Aztecan languages
; Valiñas-Coalla, L. (2002). "Multivariate classification methods for lexical and phonological dissimilarities and their application to the Uto-Aztecan
Proto-Uto-Aztecan_language
Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea
relatively recent times.[page needed] Tigrinya is lexically 68% similar to Geʽez, slightly higher than the lexical similarity of Amharic to the ancient language
Tigrinya_language
Linguistic comparison
in syntactic and morphological typology while having a small number of lexical resemblances. Observing the said similarities and probable history of Korean
Comparison of Japanese and Korean
Comparison_of_Japanese_and_Korean
Reconstructed ancestor of the Hmong–Mien languages
been reconstructed. Further lexical resemblances between Hmong-Mien and Austroasiatic are listed in Hsiu (2017). Many lexical resemblances are found between
Proto-Hmong–Mien_language
Subgroup within the hypothetical Penutian language family
Anthony; Valenzuela, Pilar (October 2013). "ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity" (ZIP). Version 4. Müller, A.; Velupillai, V.; Wichmann, S.;
Plateau_Penutian_languages
Accents typical of English in the US
Josef T. (November 11, 2007). "The Spread of Raising: Opacity, lexicalization, and diffusion". University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
General_American_English
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
associated with performance on language specific tasks such as naming, lexical processing, and sentence comprehension, and discourse production. Other
Aphasia
existence because of the unclear results obtained in non-human brains. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), several authors have confirmed the presence of this
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Inferior_longitudinal_fasciculus
Group of varieties of English spoken in New Jersey
of North American English (ANAE) in 2006 and part of the Hudson Valley lexical region by Hans Kurath in 1949. According to the ANAE, the /uː/ vowel remains
New_Jersey_English
Structured system of communication
linguistic hypotheses, and historical linguistics relies on grammatical and lexical descriptions of languages to trace their individual histories and reconstruct
Language
"re-producing (producing again, and not just replicating) the phonetic, lexical, and phraseological adaptation of the Ítalo-Paulistanos"; this procedure
Italian_language_in_Brazil
Northwest Semitic language
literary work of the Hebrew intellectuals along the 19th century was a lexical modernization of Hebrew. New words and expressions were adapted as neologisms
Hebrew_language
Extinct Indo-European language of Southeastern Italy
fragmentary evidence that shows common characteristic innovations and notable lexical correspondences, including the partial retention of the Proto-Indo-European
Messapic_language
and usage; see Japanese honorifics and Korean honorifics), besides a few lexical resemblances. Factors like these led some historical linguists to suggest
Classification of the Japonic languages
Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages
Sociolect of English in the United Kingdom
Ignacio M. "Recent changes in London English. An overview of the main lexical, grammar and discourse features of Multicultural London English (MLE)"
Multicultural_London_English
Allophonic rule of vowels prominent in Canada, also found in N. American English dialects
Fruehwald, Josef T. (2007). "The Spread of Raising: Opacity, lexicalization, and diffusion" (PDF). College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal. University
Canadian_raising
Berber language of Tunisia
Tunisia) which allowed the Arabic language to benefit from new channels of diffusion and penetration within the Berber continuum. In addition, Arab was an
Djerba_Berber
Sound system of the French language
French having lexical stress falling on the final full syllable (syllable with a vowel other than schwa) of a word to French having no lexical stress at all
French_phonology
Geolinguistic region of areal features
have similar typological features, which are believed to have spread by diffusion. James Matisoff referred to this area as the "Sinosphere", contrasted
Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
Mainland_Southeast_Asia_linguistic_area
Overview of Slavic migrations to Southeast Europe
decided to use a limited data, not taking into account dialectological lexical richness which shows much broader distribution of specific words. In her
Slavic migrations to the Balkans
Slavic_migrations_to_the_Balkans
Increasing homogeneity of accents in British English
in England, collected in the late 1970s, did indeed find a reduction of lexical diversity since Harold Orton's survey. Dialect levelling is a linguistic
Dialect_levelling_in_Britain
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
Boy/Male
Indian
Intelligent, Logical
Female
English
English short form of Latin Alexia, LEXIA means "defender."
Girl/Female
Greek
Defender of man.
Girl/Female
Danish, Hindu, Indian, Japanese
Ray of Light; Logical
Boy/Male
Tamil
Love and kindness, Analytical, Logical
Boy/Male
Hindu
Love and kindness, Analytical, Logical
Girl/Female
German, Hindu, Indian
Loved One
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
She was a Dog that Went to Space
Boy/Male
Hindu
A cavalier, A Hindu month, Medical God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kajali | கஜà¯à®œà®¾à®²à¯€
Kohl, Medical lotion
Kajali | கஜà¯à®œà®¾à®²à¯€
Girl/Female
Australian, Mexican
Only One; Unique
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Endowed with Mind; Logical
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Medical.
Surname or Lastname
Hispanic (Mexican)
Hispanic (Mexican) : unexplained.English : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Intelligent, Logical
Girl/Female
Indian
Successful; Logical Thinkers
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Logical
Girl/Female
Hindu
Kohl, Medical lotion
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Hebrew Miyka'el (English Michael), MEICAL means "who is like God?"Â
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Logical Science
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
Girl/Female
Indian
Fast, Free flowing, The holy and purifying river ganges
Boy/Male
Hindi
Divine; holy.
Boy/Male
Russian Ukrainian
Lives near the weeds.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish (TobÃas), Hungarian (Tóbiás), and Jewish
English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish (TobÃas), Hungarian (Tóbiás), and Jewish : from a Greek form of the Hebrew male personal name TÅvyÄh ‘Jehovah is good’, which, together with various derivative forms, has been popular among Jews for generations.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Saraswati, Tamil Goddess for education, Goddess of learning
Boy/Male
Hindu
Teacher of the God, Sage of the devas
Female
Russian
Russian form of Latin Tatiana, probably TATYANNA means "father."
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
Lord Krishna
Female
English
English variant spelling of Greek Sybil, CYBILL means "prophetess."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Who Conquered Death
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
LEXICAL DIFFUSION
mexcal.
See Mescal.
superl.
Not clerical; laic; laical; hence, unlearned; simple.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or having to do with, the art of healing disease, or the science of medicine; as, the medical profession; medical services; a medical dictionary; medical jurisprudence.
a.
Logical.
a.
Medical.
v. t.
Consistent; logical.
n.
A medical fume.
a.
Alt. of Lyrical
a.
Of or pertaining to a lexicon, to lexicography, or words; according or conforming to a lexicon.
a.
Same as Clerical.
a.
Half logical; partly logical; said of fallacies.
a.
Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring.
a.
Of or pertaining to logic; used in logic; as, logical subtilties.
a.
Alt. of Toxical
a.
According to the rules of logic; as, a logical argument or inference; the reasoning is logical.
n.
A logical deduction.
a.
Skilled in logic; versed in the art of thinking and reasoning; as, he is a logical thinker.
mexcal.
Alt. of Mexical
n.
A medical prescription.
a.
Containing medicine; used in medicine; medicinal; as, the medical properties of a plant.