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Former eastern regions of Poland
The Kresy Wschodnie, standing for Eastern Borderlands, or simply Kresy (Borderlands; Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrɛsɨ]), was a historical region of the eastern
Kresy
Polish irredentist national myth
The Kresy myth (Polish: mit Kresów), also known as the Kresy Cult (kult Kresów) and the Kresy Legend (legenda Kresów), is the name given to modern-day
Kresy_myth
Topics referred to by the same term
Kresy dialects of Polish: Northern Borderlands dialect Southern Borderlands dialect This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Kresy_dialect
Topics referred to by the same term
Kresy is the short form of the term "Kresy Wschodnie", former Polish Eastern borderlands. Kresy may also refer to the following villages: Kresy, Łódź
Kresy_(disambiguation)
Country in Central Europe
killed by Soviets during the Soviet Union's occupation of eastern Poland (Kresy). Similarly, German planners had in November 1939 called for "the complete
Poland
Unit of Polish army in WW2
Uhlans Regiment smaller divisional units The division was named after the Kresy region (eastern borderlands of the Second Polish Republic). Stefan Orzechowski:
5th_Kresowa_Infantry_Division
Polish sports club
WCKS Kresy Tarnopol is a defunct Polish multi-sports club, which was located in Tarnopol, then in southeastern Poland; currently Ternopil, Ukraine. They
Kresy_Tarnopol
1939 Soviet Union invasion of Poland
War, the Soviet Union entered the eastern regions of Poland (known as the Kresy) and annexed territories totalling 201,015 square kilometres (77,612 sq mi)
Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union
Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union
Country in Eastern Europe
local autonomy as a way to minimise Soviet influence in Poland's eastern Kresy region. However, this approach was abandoned after Piłsudski's death in
Ukraine
Post WWII resettlement
eastern half of prewar Poland (also known as the expulsions of Poles from the Kresy macroregion), were the forced migrations of Poles toward the end and in
Polish population transfers in 1944–1946
Polish_population_transfers_in_1944–1946
Unit of the Polish Army
The 46th Infantry Regiment (Polish: 46 Pułk Strzelców Kresowych, 4e Régiment de Chasseurs PolonaisFrench: 4e Régiment d'Infanterie Polonaise), later the
5th Podhale Rifles Infantry Regiment
5th_Podhale_Rifles_Infantry_Regiment
Unit of the Polish Army
Kresowa Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Kresowa Brygada Kawalerii) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It was organized on April 1, 1937
Kresowa_Cavalry_Brigade
Settlement in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Zatorowizna-Kresy [zatɔrɔˈvizna ˈkrɛsɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Lubowidz, within Żuromin County, Masovian Voivodeship
Zatorowizna-Kresy
Western parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Western Borderlands (Polish: Kresy Zachodnie, Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrɛsɨ zaˈxɔdɲɛ]) is a term used to refer to the western parts of the Polish–Lithuanian
Western_Borderlands
Settlement in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland
Kresy [ˈkrɛsɨ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Bargłów Kościelny, within Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern
Kresy,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship
Polish settlers in Western Belarus and Western Ukraine
the Polish Army and civilians who were given or sold state land in the Kresy (current Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) territory ceded to Poland
Osadnik
Overview of dialects of the Polish language
population movements. They are: Northern Kresy, spoken along the border between Lithuania and Belarus Southern Kresy, spoken in isolated pockets in Ukraine
Dialects_of_Polish
Defunct Political Party Poland
Państwowe Zjednoczenie na Kresach (lit. 'State Unity in the Kresy', PZK) was a political party in Poland. Despite an endorsement by Chief of State Józef
Państwowe Zjednoczenie na Kresach
Państwowe_Zjednoczenie_na_Kresach
Historical region of Belarus
before the 1939 invasion of Poland, it was the northern part of the Polish Kresy macroregion. Following the end of World War II in Europe, most of Western
Western_Belorussia
Country in Eastern Europe
Curzon Line. Byelorussia gained territory to the west: the formerly Polish Kresy. Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietisation to isolate the Byelorussian
Belarus
Ukrainian- and Belarusian-language vernacular forms
or language spoken at home by the Tutejszy in the historical region of Kresy, which covers parts of modern Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and a bit of Latvia
Simple_speech
1694 battle of the Polish–Ottoman War
Foundation page about "400" comic book "Hodów 1694 – Kresy – Portal Społeczności Kresowej". kresy.pl. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 16
Battle_of_Hodów
1921 treaty which ended the Polish-Soviet War
1772 First Partition of Poland, recovering only those eastern regions (Kresy) lost to Russia in the 1795 Third Partition. Russia and Soviet Ukraine agreed
Treaty_of_Riga
Civil uprising in 15th century Moscow
Moscow". Kresy - wiadomości, wydarzenia, aktualności, newsy (in Polish). 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2025-12-29. "How Poles burned Moscow". Kresy - wiadomości
Moscow_Uprising_(1611)
1945 agreement between the major 3 Allies regarding the end of World War II
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
Potsdam_Agreement
13th Kresy Infantry Division (Polish: 13 Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty French: 13e Division d'Infanterie de Kresy) was a unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum
13th Infantry Division (Poland)
13th_Infantry_Division_(Poland)
The Intervention Corps (Polish language: Korpus Interwencyjny) was a tactical unit of the Polish Armed Forces of the Second Polish Republic. It did not
Intervention_Corps
Bear in the Polish army (1942–1963)
supporting and publicizing historical projects around the world. "Kresy-Siberia Virtual Museum". kresy-siberia.org. 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July
Wojtek
1939–1947 ethnic conflict
Czechoslovak armed formations. Fighting was concentrated in the south-eastern Kresy region (today Western Ukraine) of the German-occupied Second Polish Republic
Polish–Ukrainian conflict (1939–1947)
Polish–Ukrainian_conflict_(1939–1947)
(link) Waligóra 1938, p. 40. Waligóra 1938, p. 41. "Self-defense in the Kresy (September 1918 – January 1919)" [Samoobrona Kresów (IX 1918 - I 1919)]
Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus
Self-Defence_of_Lithuania_and_Belarus
Political boundaries between Poland and neighboring territories
Poland's old and new borders, 1945 (Kresy in gray)
Borders_of_Poland
1945 border agreement
officially accepted the ceding its pre-war Eastern territory to the USSR (Kresy) which was decided earlier in Yalta already. Some of the territory along
Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945
Polish–Soviet_border_agreement_of_August_1945
Treaty between West Germany and Poland
compensation for the former Polish territory east of the Curzon Line ("Kresy"), which had been annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939. In West Germany,
Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)
Historical capital and largest city of Silesia, located in southwestern Poland
for Poland's loss of the city of Lwów along with the massive territory of Kresy in the east, which was annexed by the Soviet Union. The Polish name of Wrocław
Wrocław
Polish writer, journalist and scriptwriter
famous is the radio drama Matysiakowie. He also wrote many books about Kresy, particularly about the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine). Janicki was born
Jerzy_Janicki
1939 neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union
of eastern Poland. Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the
Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact
Period of Poles Repatriation
of Poles living in the territories annexed by the Soviet Union (known as Kresy Wschodnie) took place in 1955–1959. The widely used term repatriation, promoted
Repatriation of Poles (1955–1959)
Repatriation_of_Poles_(1955–1959)
Polish politician (1864–1939)
marginalized other ethnic groups living in Poland, particularly those in the Kresy (which included Jews, Lithuanians, and Ukrainians). During the partitions
Roman_Dmowski
Urban-type settlement in Brest Region, Belarus
and Russia. Between the two world wars, western Polesia was part of the Kresy region of Poland. Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Antopal was part
Antopal
West Slavic language
the older generation speaks a dialect of Polish characteristic of the Kresy that includes a longer pronunciation of vowels. Poles living in Lithuania
Polish_language
Ruthenian peasants, which took place in the Eastern borderlands (Polish: Kresy) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It tells the story of Maurycy Beniowski
Beniowski
compared to its 1939 borders. The prewar eastern Polish territories of Kresy, which the Red Army had overrun during the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland
1945 territorial changes of Poland
1945_territorial_changes_of_Poland
Polish nationalist ideology
end of World War II, Soviet Union acquired entire of Kresy region and drew Polish border to Kresy Zachodnie as part of Recovered Territories. During the
Polish_irredentism
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Wilno. They had been deported from Kresy to the Soviet gulags when
Polish_Resettlement_Act_1947
Major alliance of World War II
Russia in the aftermath of World War I; that included land such as the Kresy (Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) region ceded to Poland after losing
Axis_powers
Aristocratic republic in Europe (1569–1795)
Commonwealth as mostly plains. The Commonwealth's southeastern part, the Kresy, was famous for its steppes. The Carpathian Mountains formed part of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth
Ukrainian website
zaliczony do wrogow Ukrainy" [Kissinger listed as an enemy of Ukraine]. kresy.pl (in Polish). 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022.
Myrotvorets
East Slavic language
some distinct vocabulary borrowed from Romanian. (9) Upper Dniestrian (Kresy) is considered to be the main Galician dialect, spoken in the Lviv, Ternopil
Ukrainian_language
Historical demarcation of territories of Poland and the Soviet Union
Percent of Poles in Kresy according to the 1931 census
Curzon_Line
and the expulsion and resettlement of Poles from the Eastern Borderlands (Kresy), Poland became for the first time in its history an ethnically homogeneous
History_of_Poland_(1945–1989)
Concept in international relations among European countries
were originally from the Kresy region of eastern Poland including cities such as Lwów and Wilno. They had been deported from Kresy to the Soviet gulags when
Western_betrayal
River in Poland
tributaries of Biała are: Dolistówka Bażantarka "Rzeka Biała (dopływ Supraśli), Białystok - kresy.org.pl". kresy.org.pl. Retrieved 2026-07-18. v t e v t e
Biała_(Supraśl)
Region in the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Percent Autochthons (1939 DE/FCD citizens) 14,809 3,3% Polish expellees from Kresy (USSR) 187,298 42,1% Poles from abroad except the USSR 10,943 2,5% Resettlers
Neumark
Polish dialect spoken in Lviv, Ukraine
Lwów dialect gwara lwowska Region Kresy Language family Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic West Slavic Lechitic Polish Lesser Polish Lwów dialect Dialects
Lwów_dialect
Former village in Rivne Oblast, Ukraine
liquidated during the Polish population transfers after World War II, when the Kresy macroregion was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union (as agreed at
Pańska_Dolina
Nazi paramilitary death squads, part of the SS
attributed to several factors. Since the Russian Revolution of 1905, the Kresy Wschodnie and other borderlands had experienced a political culture of violence
Einsatzgruppen
Town in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland
Lubaczów. Poland became a communist country aligned with the Soviet Union. Kresy Museum (Polish: Muzeum Kresów) St. Nicolaus Orthodox church, Historical
Lubaczów
Ideology that holds the nation and state should be congruent
multi-ethnicism and Polish rule over numerous minority groups such as those in the Kresy. The Jagiellon Concept was the official policy of the government in the
Nationalism
Ethnic group in Belarus
Linguistic (mother tongue) and religious structure of Northern Kresy (today parts of Belarus and Lithuania) according to the Polish census of 1931
Poles_in_Belarus
Polish historian and museum director
believer in reconciliation of the various Christian denominations among the Kresy borderlands. Cywiński spent his childhood in Warsaw. Between 1982 and 1993
Piotr_Cywiński
1939 World War II invasion
came to their rescue. On 17 September 1939 the Soviet Red Army invaded the Kresy regions in accordance with the secret protocol. At the opening of hostilities
Soviet_invasion_of_Poland
Village in Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Kresy [ˈkrɛsɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. "Główny Urząd
Kresy,_Łódź_Voivodeship
controversy across the whole Poland among the people originating from the Kresy region, which the Vilnius Region was part of. They claimed that the series
Boża_podszewka
Eastern territories lost by Germany after World War II in Europe
lands to Poland was done in large part to compensate Poland for losing the Kresy lands east of the Curzon line, a region that was annexed by the Soviet Union
Former eastern territories of Germany
Former_eastern_territories_of_Germany
1937–38 Soviet ethnic cleansing of Poles
Polish, but not all, with some belonging to various minority groups from the Kresy macro-region, for instance, Ruthenians; these groups in the Soviet worldview
Polish_Operation_of_the_NKVD
Polish-Ukrainian landowner and mentor of Joseph Conrad
is deemed a reliable picture of the Polish society of its time, in the Kresy (borderlands). Born March 19, 1829, in Terechów, a village in Berdychiv
Tadeusz_Bobrowski
Polish poet, author, and lawyer (1898–1966)
spent a lot of his childhood traveling around Poland's eastern regions ("Kresy") with his family. He lived in Kiev, then in Warsaw, and later in Saint
Jan_Brzechwa
Right-wing nationalist and illiberal political party in Poland
Dmowskiego". www.rp.pl. "Kowal: Kaczyński powstrzymuje w Polsce nacjonalizm". Kresy – Portal Społeczności Kresowej. 10 February 2016. Żuk, Piotr; Żuk, Paweł
Law_and_Justice
Province of Prussia (1772–1829, 1878–1945)
Autochthons (1939 DE/FCD citizens) 134,702 15.90% Polish expellees from Kresy (USSR) 172,480 20.36% Poles from abroad except the USSR 5,734 0.68% Resettlers
East_Prussia
List of European ethnic groups
Belarusian → Simple speech Polish Sign Poland, Czech Republic (Trans-Olza), Kresy (Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania), and neighboring regions Masovians (including
List of contemporary ethnic groups of Europe
List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups_of_Europe
second wave of deportations by the Soviet occupational forces across the Kresy macroregion, affected 300,000 to 330,000 Poles, sent primarily to Kazakhstan
Evacuation of Polish civilians from the USSR in World War II
Evacuation_of_Polish_civilians_from_the_USSR_in_World_War_II
had already arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Polish nationals in the Kresy macroregion including civic officials, military personnel and all other
Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)
Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939–1946)
Polish political movement
Lithuanian and Ukrainian) populations in Poland's eastern border regions (the Kresy). With the end of World War II, the occupation of the country by the Soviet
National_Democracy_(Poland)
Soviet-era prison/labor camp
railway line-1937-1941". rtgcorp.ru. 2008. "Poland WWII Kresy Deportation to USSR Gulags". KresyFamily (in Swedish). Retrieved 2023-11-26. "Various articles"
Vorkutlag
1928 novel by Eric P. Kelly
fictional story of the family of Joseph Charnetski, a Polish noble family from Kresy (modern day Ukraine), who fled to Kraków, Poland, in 1461 after their home
The_Trumpeter_of_Krakow
Variety of Polish spoken in Lwów
Bałak Region Kresy Language family Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic West Slavic Lechitic Polish Lesser Polish Lwów dialect Bałak Dialects Bałak Language
Bałak_jargon
Surname list
ethnic Poles after the Soviet annexation of eastern Polish territories (see Kresy), it is slightly more frequent in western Poland. Over 10,000 people have
Lach_(name)
2016 Polish film
Retrieved 4 October 2016. "TVP przekazuje milion złotych na film "Wołyń"". kresy.pl. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016. dkaw (23 September 2016). "Festiwal
Volhynia_(film)
Polish poet and geographer
survives. Pol was probably first to introduce into Polish literature the term "Kresy" to describe the territories lying near the eastern frontiers of the Polish–Lithuanian
Wincenty_Pol
Sound change in Slavic languages
Rhodope dialects, including the Smolyan dialect). Polish dialects (Podlasie, Kresy) In Belarusian аканне (akanne), both non-softened and softened /o/ and /a/
Akanye
Polish state from 1918 to 1939
Cegielski – Poznań), Kraków and Warsaw (Ursus Factory). Further east, in Kresy, industrial centres included two major cities of the region – Lwów and Wilno
Second_Polish_Republic
Culinary traditions of Poland
and ingredients. For an extensive list of the dishes typical of Galicia, Kresy, Podlaskie, Masovia (including Warsaw), Masuria, Pomerania, Silesia, Lesser
Polish_cuisine
Events after the end of the war in 1945
formerly controlled by Germany, Finland, Poland and Japan. Poland lost the Kresy region (about half of its pre-war territory) and received most of Germany
Aftermath_of_World_War_II
City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
bot: original URL status unknown (link) Olszański, Tadeusz A. (2013). "Kresy Zachodnie. Miejsce Galicji Wschodniej i Wołynia w państwie ukraińskim" (PDF)
Ternopil
Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905
statehood during partitions: Congress Poland/Vistula Land Galician autonomy Kresy Wschodnie ("Eastern Borderlands") Taken Lands (remainder of Russian partition
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston
Polish minority, and the memory of the Polish Kresy is still cultivated. The attachment to the "myth of Kresy", the vision of the region as a peaceful, idyllic
List of irredentist claims or disputes
List_of_irredentist_claims_or_disputes
Soviet invaders in the Polish–Soviet War and during the 1939 invasion of the Kresy regions, greed for the possessions of the Jews, and of course coercion by
History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland
Polish communist state from 1947 to 1989
provinces gained by Poland were economically better developed than the lost Kresy. A recent proposal for a macroeconomic calculation of the economic consequences
Polish_People's_Republic
Former eastern territories of Germany that became parts of Poland
(Polish: Ziemie Odzyskane), also known as the Western Borderlands (Polish: Kresy Zachodnie), and previously as the Western and Northern Territories (Polish:
Recovered_Territories
Constituent kingdom of the Habsburg Monarchy (1772–1918)
University of Toronto Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4426-6550-7. Tadeusz Chrzanowski: Kresy, czyli Obszary tęsknot, Wydawnictwo Literackie Kraków 2010, ISBN 978-83-08-04336-3
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria
Polish aristocrat and politician
afterwards earned a degree as an engineer. He was a conservative activist from Kresy, and worked with the German installed Regency Council and Józef Piłsudski
Eustachy_Sapieha
1919–1921 conflict between Poland and Russia
and the two Soviet republics permanently reclaimed what had been Polish "Kresy" from 1920 to 1939. Since the post-World War II adjustments, the borders
Polish–Soviet_War
Tsaritsa of Russia in 1606
Elżbieta Sieniawska Izabela Czartoryska "Laszki Murowane". Dawne Kresy (Former Kresy) (in Polish). Retrieved 2010-02-09. Perrie, Maureen (2010). "Mikhail
Marina_Mniszech
Caucasus krai. By the end of World War II the Soviet Union had annexed: the Kresy (modern Western Belarus and Western Ukraine) from the Second Polish Republic
Territorial evolution of Russia
Territorial_evolution_of_Russia
Soviet republic from 1920 to 1991
part of the respective states that were establishing themselves. In the Kresy ("borderland") areas of Lithuania, Belarus and western Ukraine, self-organized
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
Ukrainian nationalist partisan organisation active during and after World War II
collective death sentence on all Poles living in the former south-eastern Kresy region of the Second Polish Republic, and a few months later, local units
Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army
Former shtetl in Wołyń Voivodeship, Ukraine
in the Peace of Riga, and it became part of the Wołyń Voivodeship in the Kresy Borderlands. Most of the population were engaged in agriculture, dairy farming
Trochenbrod
2015 Internet hoax
by Polish journalist Marcin Skalski [pl] (who was a staff member of the KRESY.PL portal when the VPR has launched) – along with two members of the Falanga
Vilnius_People's_Republic
Division of the Polish Armed Forces
Garibaldi Kresy Rifles Infantry Regiment, stationed in Brzeżany and Czortków, 52nd Kresy Rifles Infantry Regiment, stationed in Złoczów, 54th Kresy Rifles
12th Mechanised Division (Poland)
12th_Mechanised_Division_(Poland)
Polish footballer (1928–1981)
footballer who played as a forward. Kokot started his career playing with Kresy Chorzów and Bergknappen Chorzów during his youth years, with the latter
Alfred_Kokot
travel, tourism, insurance
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