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Romanian literary society
Junimea was a Romanian literary society founded in Iași in 1863, through the initiative of several foreign-educated personalities led by Titu Maiorescu
Junimea
Student organisation
Societatea Academică Junimea (Romanian for "Junimea Academic Society") was a society (Studentenverbindung) for Romanian students in the Austro-Hungarian
Societatea_Academică_Junimea
Romanian poet, novelist and journalist (1850–1889)
famous and influential Romanian poet. Eminescu was an active member of the Junimea literary society and worked as an editor for the newspaper Timpul ("The
Mihai_Eminescu
Moldavian - born writer, raconteur and school teacher (1837–1889)
common affiliation with the influential conservative literary society Junimea. Although viewed with reserve by many of his colleagues there, and primarily
Ion_Creangă
Romanian writer and academic
classicism and neoclassicism. Praised by the conservative literary society Junimea, he was promoted by its leader Titu Maiorescu, as well as by Maiorescu's
Panait_Cerna
Romanian writer, political commentator and journalist (1852–1912)
Slavici and Ion Creangă, he is seen as one of the main representatives of Junimea, an influential literary society with which he nonetheless parted during
Ion_Luca_Caragiale
political ally by political philosopher Titu Maiorescu, who inducted him into Junimea society. With Odobescu and Maiorescu's support, Antonescu was able to study
Teohari_Antonescu
Romanian literary critic and politician (1840 - 1917)
June 1917) was a Romanian literary critic, politician and founder of the Junimea Society. As a literary critic, he was instrumental in the development of
Titu_Maiorescu
Moldavian, later Romanian memoirist, literary critic, journalist and politician
his life, Panu wrote a valuable memoir detailing his experiences in the Junimea literary society, of which he had become an implacable adversary. Born
George_Panu
Romanian writer and journalist (1848 - 1925)
Slavici's literary debut in Convorbiri Literare, the mouthpiece of the Junimea society in Iași. In 1872, Slavici again had to interrupt his studies because
Ioan_Slavici
Romanian writer and politician (1858–1922)
language at the Sf. Gheorghe High School. He also began associating with the Junimea circle and began writing for its magazine, Convorbiri Literare, bringing
Duiliu_Zamfirescu
Romanian writer and politician (1870–1952)
Bassarabescu belonged to Junimea, the mainly literary and politically conservative club. He was friends with Titu Maiorescu, Junimea leader, and with the
Ioan_A._Bassarabescu
Romanian fairy tale by Ioan Slavici
Mihai Eminescu urged him to write his first story, which was read at Junimea in two sessions and was published in the magazine Convorbiri Literare.
The_Fairy_Aurora
Romanian politician and academic (1834–1901)
Austria-Hungary. Urechia was involved in a decade-long controversy with Junimea, a conservative literary society which advocated professionalization. Among
V._A._Urechia
Romanian politician and academic (1833–1906)
translator and liberal conservative politician, one of the founders of Junimea literary society. Raised among the boyar nobility of Iași, he was the son
Vasile_Pogor
Romanian writer and politician
from Târgoviște, he studied law and, as a young man, drew close to the Junimea circle and its patron Titu Maiorescu. He began publishing fiction as an
Ioan Alexandru Brătescu-Voinești
Ioan_Alexandru_Brătescu-Voinești
City and county seat of Iași County, Romania
place for the city intellectuals, the headquarters of Literary Society Junimea (1863) and of the Convorbiri Literare (Literary Interlocutions) magazine
Iași
Romanian polygraph (1848–1899)
liberalism and nationalism, which pitted him against the conservative society Junimea, and against his own conservative cousin, Prime Minister Ioan Emanoil Florescu
Bonifaciu_Florescu
Romanian linguist and philologist (1859–1933)
noted case, in the German Empire. As a conservative who rallied with the Junimea club, Philippide rejected didactic art and mocked its socialist patrons—though
Alexandru_Philippide
Romanian daily newspaper
extolling of the peasant class, nor their recurring conflict with the Junimea faction. Shortly after, Epoca merged into the Junimist paper, Constituționalul
Epoca_(Romania)
Romanian academic (1872–1952)
Police leader and pioneer radio broadcaster. Tzigara was a member of the Junimea literary society, holding positions at the National School of Fine Arts
Alexandru_Tzigara-Samurcaș
Grigore Alexandrescu, Anton Pann, and Alecu Donici. The literary circle Junimea, founded in Iași in 1863 by Titu Maiorescu, Petre P. Carp, Vasile Pogor
Romanian_literature
Moldavian political scientist and culture critic (1837–1919)
(1900–1901, 1910–1912). His youth was intertwined with the activity of the Junimea club, which he co-founded with critic Titu Maiorescu as a literary society
Petre_P._Carp
Wallachian-Romanian aristocrat, politician, businessman and agriculturalist (1837 –1895)
guest, and sometime host, of literary meetings held by the political club Junimea. Știrbei's father renounced all claims to the Romanian throne in the 1860s
Alexandru_B._Știrbei
Bulgarian historian and politician (1849–1911)
Seminary in Iași, and finally from the University of Iași, also joining Junimea literary society. Working as a teacher and inspector in Romanian provincial
Dimitar_Agura
Romanian newspaper
establishment found itself scrutinized by the "White" literary society Junimea. A Junimist founding figure, Iacob Negruzzi, had met the Românul group
Românul
Romanian historian, literary critic, biographer and publisher (1930 – 2001)
19th and early 20th century cultural and political currents heralded by Junimea, by the left-wing ideologues of Poporanism and by the Sămănătorul circle
Zigu_Ornea
Extinct Indo-European language of the Carpathian region
Petrescu-Dîmbovița, Mircea (1978). Scurta istorie a Daciei Preromane. Junimea. Pieta, Karol (1982). Die Puchov Kultur. Archäologisches Institut der Slowakischen
Dacian_language
Romanian-French playwright (1909–1994)
Romanian version under Eugène Ionesco: teme identitare si existentiale. Iasi [Junimea], 2006. ISBN 973-37-1176-4 & (13)978-973-37-1176-6 The New Oxford Companion
Eugène_Ionesco
Romanian astronomer and mathematician (1832–1915)
as rector. He was a close associate of Titu Maiorescu, a member of the Junimea movement that the latter led, and involved in the educational reform movement
Nicolae_Culianu
Române, Bucharest, 1995 George Panu, Amintiri de la "Junimea" din Iași ("Recollections from the Junimea [literary society] in Iași"), Editura Minerva, Bucharest
History of the Jews in Romania
History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania
Political Parties in Romania
chronological table to George Panu, Amintiri de la "Junimea" din Iași ("Recollections from the Iași Junimea"), Ed. Minerva, Bucharest, 1998 (in Romanian) Petre
List of political parties in Romania
List_of_political_parties_in_Romania
Romanian scholar, writer and politician (1871–1940)
Marxist beginnings, he switched sides and became a maverick disciple of the Junimea movement. Iorga later became a leadership figure at Sămănătorul, the influential
Nicolae_Iorga
Political party in Romania
incident, a conservative and monarchist movement emerged in Moldavia around Junimea club, with whom the Factionalists had a consuming rivalry. A Moderate Liberal
Free_and_Independent_Faction
Romanian geographer
titular member of the Romanian Academy. A figure of importance in the Junimea literary club, he was for a while editor of its magazine, Convorbiri Literare
Simion_Mehedinți
Romanian book
in front of the Junimea literary club in Iași. While three of the total four section were published in Creangă's lifetime by the Junimea magazine Convorbiri
Childhood_Memories_(book)
Romanian physician, naturalist, philanthropist (1816–1886)
of a specialized Romanian vocabulary. Criticized by his adversaries at Junimea society for his accumulation of offices, and for collecting a large salary
Anastasie_Fătu
Romanian historian, biographer, essayist, political activist and academic
Historian"), Editura Junimea, Iași, 1974 Junimea. Implicații istoriografice ("Junimea.Historiographical Implications"), Editura Junimea, Iași, 1976 A scrie
Alexandru_Zub
Romanian politician (1834–1899)
Blaremberg, he switched his allegiance to the Junimea faction, which he equated with true liberalism. When Junimea became a "Constitutionalist Party" in 1891
Nicolae_Voinov
Romanian poet, critic and translator (1843–1897)
time, he was inspector-general of secondary education. In 1871, he joined Junimea society and actively participated in its workings, including literary circles
Ștefan_Vârgolici
Romanian journalist, essayist, literary critic, novelist and memoirist (1859 - 1944)
Petrașcu was originally affiliated with the conservative literary society Junimea, but did not embrace all its tenets. Like his friend, novelist Duiliu Zamfirescu
N._Petrașcu
to keep all year. Marion, S. Fl. (1905). "Marț-sara" (PDF). Junimea Literară (in Romanian). Vol. 2, no. 8. Junimea. pp. 116–118. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
Marțolea
Wallachian and later Romanian poet, prose writer and playwright
in 1893, and was vice president of its literary section. He belonged to Junimea society until 1895. His published debut came about in 1870 in Foaia Societății
Dimitrie_C._Ollănescu-Ascanio
Wallachian and Romanian polymath
mathematician, educator and political figure, one of the early members of Junimea literary society. Known for his work in private education, and for his
Ioan_Mire_Melik
Romanian academic and politician (1868–1957)
last generation of intellectuals to participate in the activities of the Junimea literary society (where Maiorescu had endured as the major influence).
Constantin_Rădulescu-Motru
Aromanian grammarian and professor
Amos Comenius") at Vienna in 1819 and Scurtă gramatică neogreacă pentru junimea greacă și pentru germani ("Short Neo-Greek Grammar for the Greek Youth
Mihail_G._Boiagi
Romanian statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist (1817–1891)
Deosebirile dintre vechea școală critică moldovenească și "Junimea" Călinescu, p. 78; Ornea, Junimea..., p. 111; Vianu, Vol. II, p. 19 Vianu, Vol. I, pp. 391–392;
Mihail_Kogălniceanu
Romanian politician and polemicist (1837–1891)
branch leader, his rejection of any alliances with his old adversaries at Junimea pushed him into a conflict with this party. By the time of his death at
Teodor_Boldur-Lățescu
Romanian politician and scholar (1833–1898)
conservative position, fully consolidated when he became a follower of the Junimea club. During this transition, Papadopol-Calimah returned as Minister of
Alexandru_Papadopol-Calimah
Prince of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504
resisted by other writers, in particular George Panu, Ioan Bogdan, and other Junimea members, who favored a critique of Romantic nationalism. In Panu's works
Stephen_the_Great
Romanian lawyer and mayor of Cernăuți (1892–1946)
end of World War I. He was a former president of Societatea Academică Junimea. In 1908, while a high school student, he crossed from Austria-Hungary
Traian_Popovici
Romanian writer, journalist and politician
of the government. Rosetti was one of the most important members of the Junimea literary society and was elected honorary member of the Romanian Academy
Theodor_Rosetti
Fictional character in works by Ion Luca Caragiale
place where "Gothic meditation does not flourish". In his history of the Junimea literary society, Z. Ornea argued that there was a link between Mitică's
Mitică
Romanian writer, novelist (1866–1896)
minor part in a lengthy polemic with the conservative literary society Junimea, and authored a series of essays and memoirs documenting the Romanian intellectual
Traian_Demetrescu
Largest cemetery in Bucharest, Romania
and playwright Titu Maiorescu, lawyer, writer, philosopher, founder of Junimea, and Prime Minister of Romania Mircea Malița [ro], mathematician, diplomat
Bellu_Cemetery
Romanian folklorist and ethnographer (1847 - 1907)
săteanului român, Amicul familiei, Gazeta poporului, Viața Românească, Junimea literară, Convorbiri Literare, Analele Academiei Române, Gazeta Transilvaniei
Simion_Florea_Marian
Wallachian poet, playwright and army general
military-related books. He served as Senator for Fălciu County, was a member of Junimea and contributed verses and plays to its Convorbiri Literare organ. He sometimes
George_Bengescu-Dabija
Romanian poet
the Same (Editura Litera International, 2003) In Case of Danger (Editura Junimea, 2004) and The Opposite Direction (2008) Daily Order, Nightly Order (Ed
Leo_Butnaru
Romanian philosopher and conservative politician
disciple and continuator of Titu Maiorescu. Affiliated with Maiorescu's Junimea society from his early twenties, he debuted as a positivist and monist
Petre_P._Negulescu
Romanian politician and economist (1857–1947)
meetings of the Junimea literary society, contributing to its magazine Convorbiri Literare. In 1890, he engaged in the political aspect of Junimea, serving briefly
A._C._Cuza
Romanian composer (1853–1883)
guilty, going on to become a founding member of Societatea Academică Junimea (Junimea Academic Society). He died at the age of 29 in Stupca, which was renamed
Ciprian_Porumbescu
Romanian politician, economist and writer (1858 - 1917)
Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol and, like him, a member of Junimea society. Initially inspired by Junimea leader Titu Maiorescu, he was later a dissident of Junimism
Nicolae_Xenopol
Wallachian monk and author (c. 1740–1820)
Todoran (eds.), Istoria literaturii române. II: De la Școala Ardeleană la Junimea. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1968. Neagu Djuvara, Între Orient și Occident
Dionisie_Eclesiarhul
Weather-controlling wizards in Romanian folklore
Ţara neuitatelor constelaţii: folclor arhaic românesc (in Romanian). Junimea. Coman, 1983, p. 123, cited by Oișteanu (2004) Gaster (1884), pp. 281–282
Solomonari
Romanian writer and politician (1802–1872)
represented by the Iaşi-based literary society Junimea; in 1865, during one of its early public sessions, Junimea explicitly rejected works by Heliade and Iancu
Ion_Heliade_Rădulescu
1878 play by Ion Luca Caragiale
and comedy of language, aligned with the aesthetic values promoted by Junimea literary society and its conservative counterculture. Through Venturiano's
A_Stormy_Night
for twelve years, from October 1898 to January 1911. Although he joined Junimea in 1878, Dimitrescu-Iași did not endorse its political orientation, indeed
Constantin_Dimitrescu-Iași
Moldavian chronicler (1660–1712)
(1709-1711) Opere (Ed. Junimea, Iaşi, 1976) Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei de la zidirea lumii pînă la 1601 şi de la 1709 la 1711 (Ed. Junimea, Iaşi, 1976) Scrieri
Nicolae_Costin_(chronicler)
Romanian historian of religion (1907–1986)
Tudor Vianu (all of whom owed inspiration to the defunct literary society Junimea, albeit in varying degrees). Eliade's scholarly works began after a long
Mircea_Eliade
Romanian politician (1855–1923)
progressively to the right, and, ca. 1885, became involved with the political club Junimea. As a Conservative policymaker and disciple of Alexandru Marghiloman, he
Constantin_C._Arion
Romanian lawyer and judge
system. A prominent member of the Conservative Party, he sided with its Junimea faction during a temporary schism in 1907—becoming the Junimist chief in
Matei_B._Cantacuzino
Romanian novelist and poet (1891–1962)
doing so, Aderca took some inspiration from the 19th century literary club Junimea. According to Crohmălniceanu, Lovinescu and Aderca both maintained a "cult"
Felix_Aderca
Romanian ethnologist
was Titu Maiorescu, leader of the conservative literary society known as Junimea, who strongly reacted against amateurism and Romantic nationalist discourse
Nicolae_Densușianu
1872 novel by Mihai Eminescu
literature (Théophile Gautier). Read out by Eminescu upon his induction to Junimea literary club, it was dismissed as an incoherent oddity by critics of the
Poor_Dionis
Moldavian/Romanian soldier and politician (1821–1901)
eventually brought him into a dispute with the moderate conservatives at Junimea. Shunning Junimist Germanophilia, Sturdza became a committed Russophile
Grigore_Sturdza
Late 19th-century art movement in Europe
associated with his magazine Literatorul. Polemicizing with the established Junimea and overshadowed by the influence of Mihai Eminescu, Romanian symbolism
Symbolism_(movement)
Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician
Assembly following the toppling of Cuza two years after Bărnuțiu's death. Junimea, a conservative literary society created during that period, criticized
Simion_Bărnuțiu
Moldavian political conspirator, genealogist, and polemicist (1795–1862)
attempt was led by professional historians and intellectuals grouped as Junimea, under Maiorescu's leadership. In his political articles, Junimist poet
Constantin_Sion
Wallachian, later Romanian politician and lawyer (1831 - 1882)
well as for his extended polemic with the conservative literary society Junimea. Ghica's work and political convictions were criticized and often ridiculed
Pantazi_Ghica
Romanian poet and translator
French, retiring in 1907 but continuing to teach until 1909. A member of Junimea since 1872, from that year he was a consistent contributor to the pages
Anton_Naum
Author
Chișinău, 2019 Cărțile pe care le-am citit, cărțile care m-au scris, Editura Junimea, Iași, 2020 sanG d'encre, Editura Cartier, Chișinău, 2020 Canting Arms:
Emilian_Galaicu-Păun
Conservatives, under Prime Minister Lascăr Catargiu, with the breakaway Junimea faction. The cabinet which organized and won the election, then governed
1892 Romanian general election
1892_Romanian_general_election
Romanian academic, writer and politician (1855–1920)
Dobrogeanu-Gherea amended the aesthetical guidelines of Junimea and its most important voice, Titu Maiorescu. To the Junimea vision of art for art's sake, created through
Constantin_Dobrogeanu-Gherea
Philosophy of 19th-century British thinker Thomas Carlyle
leaders Stanisław Brzozowski and Antoni Lange. In Romania, Titu Maiorescu of Junimea spread Carlyle's works, influencing Constantin Antoniade and others, including
Philosophy_of_Thomas_Carlyle
Movement in Romania
original circle of Symbolists made adversaries among the conservative Junimea club, as well as among the traditionalist writers affiliated with Sămănătorul
Symbolist_movement_in_Romania
Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician, engineer and businessman
Orthodox church fund. He became an active supporter of Societatea Academică Junimea, making significant donations. In 1908, he joined the Christian Social
Aurel_Țurcan
Austro-Hungarian cleric and professor (1838–1922)
authored influential books, while his studies and articles appeared in Junimea Literară, Candela and Biserica Ortodoxă Română. An erudite teacher and
Eusebiu_Popovici
Romanian historian
Czernowitz, where he was active in Arboroasa and then in Societatea Academică Junimea, and at the University of Vienna. In 1884, he received his doctorate in
Dimitrie_Onciul
Imperial Austrian-born Romanian journalist and political activist (1861-1919)
the University of Vienna, where he was active in the local affiliate of Junimea society. Invited by Ioan Slavici, he settled in Sibiu in 1886, where he
Septimiu_Albini
Romanian prose writer
history-writing and folkloristics was also critically examined by authors from the Junimea society, who advised against using him as a source. Popnedea was instead
N._D._Popescu-Popnedea
Romanian football player and manager (1945–2026)
Mentor. ISBN 973-98955-1-4. Lucescu, Mircea (1981). Mirajul gazonului. Junimea. OCLC 895274098. Lucescu, Mircea; Juris, Yuriy (2011). My Shakhtar Story
Mircea_Lucescu
Old Romanian pastoral ballad; important piece of Romanian folklore
(2000), pp. 3, 7. Ursache, Petru [in Romanian] (1976), Poetică folclorică, Junimea, p. 187 Slavici, Ioan (1881), Die Rümanen in Ungarn, Siebenbürgen und Bukowina
Miorița
Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic (1854–1920)
was the most influential, notably hosting his early conflicts with the Junimea literary society. These targeted Vasile Alecsandri and especially Eminescu
Alexandru_Macedonski
Romanian literary and social critic, essayist and literary historian (1874–1934)
brothers was Nicolae Culianu, the boyar, astronomer, and doyen of the Junimea literary society, great-grandfather of the religious scholar-novelist Ioan
Paul_Zarifopol
Romanian writer and philologist (1838–1907)
glorious moment (and of Ioan himself as a reformer) drew criticism from the Junimea society, a conflict which was to follow Hasdeu for the rest of his life
Bogdan_Petriceicu_Hasdeu
Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian linguist and politician
Classics and philosophy. He was a founding member of Societatea Academică Junimea. His 1903 PhD thesis dealt with Romance grammar. Until 1919, he taught
Radu_Sbiera
Prince of Moldavia and Wallachia (1750/1760–1816)
among his examples of "inebriation with words" (a term which he and the Junimea society had coined as a definition for incoherent and needlessly subjective
Alexander_Mourouzis
Romanian writer (born 1957)
Monsters, Routledge, New York, 2015 Emanuela Illie – Fantastic și alteritate, Junimea, 2013, p. 92 și urm. Roberto Merlo – Quaderni di studi italieni e romeni
Doina_Ruști
Moldavian and later Romanian politician and writer
interested in literature, he belonged to the cultural milieu surrounding Junimea and Convorbiri Literare, which his brother edited. He wrote six novellas:
Leon_C._Negruzzi
Romanian aesthetician, literary theorist and critic (1868 - 1942)
debut came that year, with a prose poem in the Junimea-affiliated Convorbiri Literare. A student of Junimea founder Titu Maiorescu's, he took part in the
Mihail_Dragomirescu
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