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Type of securities offering in which a private company goes public
An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also
Initial_public_offering
2026 American company IPO
The initial public offering (IPO) of SpaceX, an American aerospace and artificial intelligence company founded by Elon Musk in 2002, occurred on June
Initial public offering of SpaceX
Initial_public_offering_of_SpaceX
Stock market event
company Facebook, Inc., now known as Meta Platforms, held its initial public offering (IPO) on Friday, May 18, 2012, with shares trading on Nasdaq under
Initial public offering of Facebook
Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook
Saudi Arabia had its initial public offering (IPO) on December 11, 2019. It was the largest IPO until the initial public offering of SpaceX on June 11
Initial public offering of Saudi Aramco
Initial_public_offering_of_Saudi_Aramco
Term in cryptocurrency
An Initial exchange offering (IEO) is the cryptocurrency exchange equivalent to a stock launch or Initial public offering (IPO). An IEO is the process
Initial_exchange_offering
Offering of securities of a company to the public
public offering and they vary according to jurisdiction. The services of an underwriter are often used to conduct a public offering. Initial public offering
Public_offering
Cryptocurrency-based funding process
An initial coin offering (ICO) or token sale is a form of capital raising in which a project issues and sells digital tokens using blockchain technology
Initial_coin_offering
Public offering of digital securities
A security token offering (STO) / tokenized IPO is a type of public offering in which tokenized digital securities, known as security tokens, are sold
Security_token_offering
Concept in finance
direct public offering (DPO) is a method by which a company can offer an investment opportunity directly to the public. A DPO is similar to an initial public
Direct_public_offering
Chinese financial services company
intended to complete an initial public offering, aiming to raise $34 billion by listing. This would have been the largest such offering by any company to date
Ant_Group
Bitcoin wallet and cryptocurrency brokerage
offices. In May 2026, Blockchain.com confidentially filed for an initial public offering with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. As of
Blockchain.com
Chinese software and hardware company
each. On 26 March 2019, Bitmain's application for a Hong Kong initial public offering lapsed, six months after it was filed, as investors were reportedly
Bitmain
Oil refinery in Lagos, Nigeria
announced plans to list the Dangote Petroleum Refinery through an initial public offering (IPO), with a target timeline of 2026. The planned listing is intended
Dangote_refinery
American technology company
management, security and compliance solutions into its software suite, offering a more complete feature set for Risk, Audit and Compliance (RAC) professionals
Diligent_Corporation
dimensions. In March 2021, Treace announced its intent to launch an initial public offering. Trading on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “TMCI”, Treace opened
Treace_Medical_Concepts
American snack brand owned by the Hershey Salty Snacks Company
as Amplify Snack Brands. Amplify Snack Brands went public in 2015 with an initial public offering of $18 per share. That year, the company's sales were
SkinnyPop
Financial services company
assumed the role of CEO at Flow Traders. The company filed for an initial public offering on Euronext Amsterdam on 10 July 2015. The shares were placed at
Flow_Traders
Canadian pharmaceutical company
member of Apotex. In June 2026, Apotex Health Corp. completed an initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Its common shares began trading
Apotex
(PIPE). It allows companies an alternative to an initial public offering (IPO) as a means of going public while raising capital. There are two parts that
Alternative_public_offering
Multi-asset brokerage company
exchange and began trading on 14 May 2025. At the time of its initial public offering, the company reported 40 million registered users and was valued
EToro
Person who has at least one trillion units of a currency
Musk became the only US dollar trillionaire in history upon the initial public offering of his company, SpaceX, but Musk's net worth has been under $1
Trillionaire
for 85 percent of its revenue in 2011. Facebook completed its initial public offering in May 2012, selling approximately $16 billion in shares at $38
History_of_Facebook
French company
Veritas was listed on Euronext Paris on October 24, 2007. This initial public offering was aimed at consolidating Bureau Veritas' growth strategy by raising
Bureau_Veritas
Company
In 2022, DEWA planned to float 18% of its issued share capital as a public offering listed on the Dubai Financial Market (DFM), the IPO was estimated at
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
Dubai_Electricity_and_Water_Authority
Indian renewable energy company
Limited), listed on the BSE and NSE on 18 November 2025 following an initial public offering. D. V. Manjunatha founded Emmvee Group in 1992, initially manufacturing
Emmvee_Group
Indian energy company
Resources merged with Reliance Power in 2010, shortly after its initial public offering. As of March 2018, Reliance Power has 50 subsidiaries. In Fortune
Reliance_Power
American exchange and clearing house company
Commission (CFTC). Subsequently, the company filed for a U.S. initial public offering with the SEC. MIH's equities exchange, MIAX Pearl Equities, reached
Miami_International_Holdings
American IT and analytics company
sale. In July 2021, SAS announced that it was preparing for an initial public offering (IPO). As of September 2023, the company had invested between $50
SAS_Institute
Indian multinational technology company
Runnr, and the Indian operations of Uber Eats. Following its initial public offering in 2021, the company expanded beyond restaurant delivery through
Eternal_Limited
American investment management firm
to swap debt in RJR for a new public stock in the company, effectively an unusual means of an initial public offering and simultaneously reducing debt
KKR_&_Co.
Form of public equity offering by non-Japanese firms
A public offering without listing, often called a POWL deal or a POWL, is a form of public equity offering by non-Japanese firms in the Japanese market
Public offering without listing
Public_offering_without_listing
Government owned coal producer in India
Government of India made an initial public offering (IPO) of 10% of the equity shares of CIL (631.6 million equity shares) to public at an offer price of ₹245
Coal_India
American multinational technology company
the Internet". On August 19, 2004, Google became a public company via an initial public offering. At that time Page, Brin and Schmidt agreed to work
Technology CEO and businessman (born 1958)
founded by others. Slootman has taken three companies through an initial public offering. Slootman was born in the Netherlands and earned a degree in economics
Frank_Slootman
Indian businessman
$300 million fine. After selling 23% of his stake in the company's initial public offering, and a further two-thirds, in October 2009, he sold the remainder
Anurag_Dikshit
In January 2013, ExOne filed to raise up to US$75 million in an initial public offering and stated that it expected to list on Nasdaq under the symbol
ExOne
Indian paint company
Private Ltd (ACIPL). On 20 January 2021, Indigo Paints launched its initial public offering (IPO) of about 1170 crores; the price band was fixed at ₹1,488-1
Indigo_Paints
Chinese cybersecurity technology company
managed cloud services. On May 16, 2018, Sangfor completed an initial public offering on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, raising approximately US$177 million
Sangfor_Technologies
Former American mobile network provider
"[citation needed] In May 2007, Virgin Mobile USA, Inc. initiated an initial public offering (IPO) by filing with the United States Securities and Exchange
Virgin_Mobile_USA
American mortgage lending company
mortgage lender in 1988, and in May 1998 became publicly traded, launching an Initial public offering (IPO). In the late 1990s, the company shifted from
Rocket_Mortgage
Office software company from Shanghai, China
company raised 1.2 billion yuan ($180 million) in its initial public offering. After going public, Weaver increased its capital to Shanghai CA, further
Weaver_(company)
Topics referred to by the same term
to the public Follow-on offering, an issuance of stock after the company's initial public offering Initial public offering, a public offering for the
Offering
Indian central public sector undertaking
on 3 May, after which the initial public offering was subscribed 4.83 times. This was the second InvIT initial public offering in the country. Following
Power Grid Corporation of India
Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India
This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies
History_of_Google
Singaporean state-owned conglomerate
China. Temasek purchased stock from Kuaishou Technology during its initial public offering in January 2021. In January 2022, Temasek purchased Element Materials
Temasek_Holdings
Commercial lender
£300 million at an initial valuation of £1.5 billion. Danish billionaire Anders Povlsen, owner of Bestseller, anchored the offering by agreeing to purchase
Funding_Circle
American talent agency
acquired by Accenture. On May 24, 2019, Endeavor filed forms for an initial public offering (IPO) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that would
WME_Group
Transport company
The Suez Company or Suez Canal Company, full initial name Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez (Universal Company of the Maritime Canal of
Suez_Company_(1858–1997)
Acquisition of a company using a significant proportion of borrowed money
strategies before acquiring a company. Common exit options include an initial public offering (IPO), strategic sale, secondary buyout (SBO), or recapitalization
Leveraged_buyout
Concept related to initial public offerings
locked up period, is a predetermined amount of time following an initial public offering where large shareholders, such as company executives and investors
Lock-up_period
American home rental company
February, Invitation Homes became a public company via an initial public offering, the second-largest initial public offering of a real estate investment trust
Invitation_Homes
American multinational technology company
MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. The company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) and subsequent rise in its share price created three billionaires
Microsoft
Romanian-American software company
capabilities. In April 2021, UiPath raised $1.3 billion in an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange in one of the largest US software
UiPath
Global payments technology company
pay-in and payout options. The company went public in September 2020 with a $700 million initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange. At the time
Nuvei
American consumer health company
2022, and its initial public offering took place in May 2023, raising $3.8 billion in the largest U.S. IPO since 2021, with an initial valuation of about
Kenvue
Sale of new shares to raise capital
auction. Two common types of public equity issuance are initial public offerings (IPOs) and secondary equity offerings (SEOs or FO). This is one of the
Equity_issuance
Type of stock senior to common stock
typically converted to common shares with the completion of an initial public offering or acquisition. An additional advantage of issuing preferred shares
Preferred_stock
Swedish financial technology company
changes, before relaunching the offering later in the year. In September 2025, Klarna completed its initial public offering in the United States. Its ordinary
Klarna
Open-source software company
acquired Losant, an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform. The initial public release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server was version 7 published on 24
SUSE_S.A.
Company that offers its securities for sale to the general public
companies were initially privately held but later held initial public offerings to become publicly traded companies, or they were acquired by another company
Public_company
American social news and discussion site
confidentially filed for an initial public offering with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Reddit's initial public offering opened on March 20, 2024
Current calendar year
person to have a verified net worth exceeding $1 trillion upon the initial public offering of his company SpaceX in June. In politics, a conservative wave
2026
Sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia
and that the Kingdom planned to list 5% of Aramco's shares in an initial public offering by 2017. Domestically, PIF owns and develops several large-scale
Public_Investment_Fund
British retail bank
its business; TSB was divested. Post-divestment, TSB offered an initial public offering and was listed on the London Stock Exchange in June 2014. In 2015
TSB_Bank_(United_Kingdom)
Real estate brokerage
flipping division. On July 28, 2017, Redfin became a public company via an initial public offering, raising $138 million. In June 2019, Redfin began allowing
Redfin
Global stock exchange operator
they raised prices. BATS aimed to charge less and attract listings by offering free options to companies with sufficient daily trading volume. Cummings
BATS_Global_Markets
Strategic state-owned bank
third-largest lender by assets. ABC went public in mid-2010, fetching the world's biggest ever initial public offering (IPO) at the time, since overtaken by
Agricultural_Bank_of_China
Chinese automobile manufacturer
first private Chinese auto manufacturer to become a public company, by making an initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on 15 December 2003
Great_Wall_Motor
American billionaire businessman (born 1969)
for mid-sized companies. In August 2006, the company went public with an initial public offering. Lefkofsky was on its board of directors until October 2012
Eric_Lefkofsky
American expense management software company
telecommunications, mobile devices and cloud services. Tangoe had its initial public offering in 2011 and was taken private by Marlin Equity Partners in 2017
Tangoe
Stock in an unlisted private company
through one of the following avenues: an initial public offering (IPO) – shares of the company are offered to the public, typically providing a partial immediate
Private_equity
Chinese semiconductor manufacturer
DRAM maker. In 2025, it unveiled DDR5 DRAM and planned a Shanghai initial public offering to fund production upgrades and advanced DRAM research and development
ChangXin_Memory_Technologies
Indonesian technology company
GoTo had hired banks to help it raise around US$1 billion from an initial public offering (IPO) in Indonesia. In March 2022, GoTo announced that it would
GoTo_(Indonesian_company)
Search engine based on Apache Lucene
and Kibana on Alibaba Cloud. In June 2018, Elastic filed for an initial public offering with an estimated valuation of between $1.5 and $3 billion. On
Elasticsearch
Multinational commodity trading and mining company
profitable investment for the future. Glencore was the subject of an initial public offering (IPO) in May 2011 in a dual listing in London and Hong Kong valued
Glencore
Chinese fabless semiconductor company
ByteDance, and Tencent. On 5 December 2025, Moore Threads held its initial public offering on the Shanghai Stock Exchange raising over US$1 billion. It jumped
Moore_Threads
American electric vehicle company
company raised over US$13.5 billion in financing following its initial public offering in November 2021. The company was founded in Rockledge, Florida
Rivian
Defunct but one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs)
throughout the US and then outside of the country. On May 1, 1995, the initial public offering listed its shares on the NASDAQ stock exchange under symbol PSIX
PSINet
Online commerce platform based in India
websites misappropriating its brand identity. Meesha went public through an initial public offering in December 2025, raising $603 million. It is listed on
Meesho
Chinese multinational restaurant chain
company, Mixue Group, is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The initial public offering raised about HK$3.45 billion (approximately US$444 million at the
Mixue_Ice_Cream_&_Tea
British business services company
Rentokil Initial plc is a British business services group based in Crawley, England. It was founded in 1925 as a pest-control business. It subsequently
Rentokil_Initial
Document describing the terms of an initial public offering
prospectus or preliminary prospectus for most initial public offerings. They describe the basic terms of the offering that are of the most important to a registered
Green_sheet_(investment_term)
American diversified financial services company
independently after the transition. In October 2013, the firm filed for an initial public offering, which was offered the subsequent month. The company was initially
J.G._Wentworth
Online collaborative vector graphics editor
announced that it had begun to file confidential paperwork for an initial public offering (IPO) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). On July
Figma
Chinese materials company
December 2014 CCTC held its initial public offering becoming a listed company on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The offering raised US$216 million. On 12
Chaozhou_Three-Circle
Businessman and former public official (born 1971)
trillion. Musk became the first US-dollar trillionaire upon the initial public offering of SpaceX in June 2026; a SpaceX stock collapse brought him under
Elon_Musk
Restaurant holding company that owns several American casual dining restaurant chains
to raise up to $300 million in an initial public offering. On August 7, 2012, after their initial public offering, OSI Restaurant Partners was renamed
Bloomin'_Brands
Indian multinational educational technology company
billion. Physics Wallah went public on the Indian exchanges with a ₹3,480 crore (US$360 million) initial public offering (IPO) in November 2025. Physics
Physics_Wallah
Pre-initial public offering
Pre-IPO, pre-initial public offering is a late-stage for a private company to raise funds in advance of its listing on a public exchange. Before the dot-com
Pre-IPO
Italian technology company
TypeScript). On July 1, 2026, the company became a public company via an initial public offering on the American stock market. Luca Ferrari, Francesco
Bending_Spoons
American fast casual burger restaurant
becoming a public company filing for an initial public offering of stock in late 2014. The offering priced on January 29, 2015; the initial price of its
Shake_Shack
Russian technology company
3 billion in an initial public offering on NASDAQ, the biggest initial public offering for a dot-com company since Google's offering in 2004. At that
Yandex
Cryptocurrency linked to the US dollar
2025 Circle was listed on the New York Stock Exchange via an initial public offering. In 2025 the payment standard X402 for Internet-native transactions
USDC_(cryptocurrency)
American communications company
United Kingdom in 2005. Vonage went public on May 24, 2006. In 2006, in preparation for an initial public offering, Michael Snyder, former president of
Vonage
Indian online food delivery company
itself into a public limited company and confidentially filed for an initial public offering. Swiggy launched its initial public offering (IPO) in November
Swiggy
student visits. In August 2017, the company became a public company via an initial public offering. At that time, it had 50 studios. In November 2017,
YogaWorks
American financial services company
with the Securities and Exchange Commission in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO). On December 12, 2020, it was reported that Affirm had postponed
Affirm_Holdings
Renewable energy company
operating assets to Pattern Energy Group Inc. following that company's initial public offering (IPO). The development assets of Pattern Energy were retained by
Pattern_Energy
American tech entrepreneur and co-founder of Netflix
left Netflix in 2002 after helping guide the company through its initial public offering two years earlier. He credited Hastings with successfully scaling
Marc_Randolph
Instrument of indebtedness
various member states of the European Union, all denominated in Euros, offering different market yields reflecting their different risks. A supranational
Bond_(finance)
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