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Functional constituency of Hong Kong
The Industrial (First) functional constituency (Chinese: 工業界(第一)功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Industrial (First) functional constituency
Industrial_(First)_functional_constituency
Hong Kong politician (born 1951)
2025. He was elected to the legislature representing the Industrial (First) functional constituency before retiring in 2025, and served as the chairman of
Andrew_Leung
Hong Kong politician
returned to the LegCo in 1993 through a by-election in the Industrial (First) functional constituency nominated by the Federation of Hong Kong Industries (FHKI)
James_Tien_(politician)
Type of constituency at the Hong Kong legislative assembly
In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, a functional constituency (FC; Chinese: 功能界別 and formerly 功能組別 before handover of Hong Kong) is a seat representing
Functional constituency (Hong Kong)
Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)
Functional constituency in Hong Kong
(First) functional constituency (Chinese: 商界(第一)功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created
Commercial (First) functional constituency
Commercial_(First)_functional_constituency
Hong Kong government, and five co-opted members. The industrial (first) functional constituency of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong is composed of
Federation of Hong Kong Industries
Federation_of_Hong_Kong_Industries
Nine functional constituencies returned 12 unofficial members to the Legislative Council. The commercial, industrial, and labour constituencies would
1985 Hong Kong legislative election
1985_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Topics referred to by the same term
aesthetic Industrial, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Industrial Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota Two functional constituencies in the elections
Industrial
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Education functional constituency, formerly called Teaching from 1985 to 1995, is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council
Education_(constituency)
direct elections in the geographical constituencies, with the remaining 35 elected from functional constituencies. Following the 2021 electoral changes
Hong Kong legislative elections
Hong_Kong_legislative_elections
Hong Kong electoral college
with turnout rate of 34.55%. The Industrial (First) Subsector corresponds to the Industrial (First) functional constituency. It is composed of both individual
Election_Committee
turned out to return 13 candidates in 8 electoral college and 4 functional constituency seats while another 13 seats were returned unopposed. The liberal
1988 Hong Kong legislative election
1988_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong functional constituency
The Industrial (Second) functional constituency (Chinese: 工業界(第二)功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong
Industrial_(Second)
elected geographical constituencies, 10 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 10 were uncontested
1998 Hong Kong legislative election
1998_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
representing the geographical constituencies are returned by popular vote, thirty seats representing the functional constituencies are elected through smaller
Elections_in_Hong_Kong
This is a list of constituencies of Hong Kong. There are currently ten geographical constituencies and 28 functional constituencies that elect 50 out
List of constituencies of Hong Kong
List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong
Hong Kong politician
(CMAHK), Industrial (Second) constituency. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, Ng ran unopposed in the CMAHK's Industrial (Second) functional constituency
Jimmy_Ng
maintaining its dominance in the functional constituencies and winning 17 of the 35, nearly half, of the geographical constituency seats, which were considered
2012 Hong Kong legislative election
2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
election of the members of functional constituencies was held on 12 September 1991 and the election of geographical constituency seats was held on 15 September
1991 Hong Kong legislative election
1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Members, of whom 20 were appointed by the Governor, 14 elected from functional constituencies, one elected from among members of the Urban Council, one elected
List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members 1988–1991
List_of_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong_members_1988–1991
new seats; two new geographical constituency seats and two new functional constituency seats. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were elected by universal
2013 Macanese legislative election
2013_Macanese_legislative_election
Election held in Hong Kong
geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee constituency who were elected
1995 Hong Kong legislative election
1995_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
to be established in 1986, and District Boards and functional groups or functional constituencies. It also suggested the length of term for the unofficial
1985 Hong Kong electoral reform
1985_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
Hong Kong politician
a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the Industrial Functional Constituency from 2008 to 2016. In 2008 he began service as a committee
Lam_Tai-fai
Unicameral legislature of Hong Kong
three groups of constituencies—geographical constituencies (GCs), functional constituencies (FCs), and Election Committee constituencies—and has been dominated
Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
Members, of whom 22 were appointed by the Governor, 12 elected from functional constituencies, one elected from among members of the Urban Council, one elected
List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members 1985–1988
List_of_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong_members_1985–1988
Hong Kong businessman, entrepreneur and politician
Hong Kong Industries to run uncontestedly in the First Industrial functional constituency. He opposed to the pro-democracy faction calling for the faster
Stephen_Cheong
Elections in Hong Kong
elected geographical constituencies, 6 seats from the Election Committee constituency and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 9 uncontested
2000 Hong Kong legislative election
2000_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Political party in Hong Kong
1995 elections through the newly created Textiles and Garment functional constituency under the then Governor Chris Patten's electoral reform. The NWSC
Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre
Neighbourhood_and_Worker's_Service_Centre
Legislative session since 2026
through geographical constituencies, plus 40 seats selected by the Election Committee and 20 seats allocated to the functional constituencies. Starry Lee was
8th Legislative Council of Hong Kong
8th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 30 members by functional constituencies. Candidates for 14 functional constituency seats were
2008 Hong Kong legislative election
2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Study of how social order is produced
indifference to the problem of social order taken as a group (member's) concern. First time through This is the practice of attempting to describe any social activity
Ethnomethodology
8th legislative election in Hong Kong
trade-based indirectly elected functional constituency seats, and 20 seats directly elected through geographical constituencies. The election, in which only
2025 Hong Kong legislative election
2025_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
A total of 70 members, 35 from geographical constituencies (GCs) and 35 from functional constituencies (FCs), were returned. The election came after
2016 Hong Kong legislative election
2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
Hong Kong politician
Manufacturers' Association to be the representative in the Second Industrial functional constituency. He had also served on the Hong Kong Trade Development Council
Ngai_Shiu-kit
Trade union federation in Hong Kong
TUC ran uncontested in the two newly created seats in the Labour functional constituency. One such candidate was Tam Yiu-chung of the HKFTU, who served
Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions
30 members from directly elected geographical constituencies and 30 members from functional constituencies, of which 11 were unopposed. An unprecedented
2004 Hong Kong legislative election
2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
elected geographical constituencies (GCs) reduced from 35 to 20 seats, the trade-based indirectly elected functional constituencies (FCs) staying at 30
2021 Hong Kong legislative election
2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election
proposal by the Democratic Party concerning the new District Council functional constituency seats which they had up to that point opposed as being in contravention
2010 Hong Kong electoral reform
2010_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
British government office unit
minister on 20 July 2026, it was reported that Number 10 North was already functional, with Heron House – an existing government building in Manchester city
Number_10_North
electoral reform package would be scrapped. For the functional constituencies, the District Council (First) who might have been held by the pro-democrats due
2021 Hong Kong electoral changes
2021_Hong_Kong_electoral_changes
2012–2016 Legislative Council of Hong Kong
constituencies through direct elections, and 35 members in functional constituencies, in which five District Council (Second) functional constituency
5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong
5th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong
City in Uttar Pradesh, India
Noida, short for New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, is a city located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It
Noida
Town in Manipur, India
The Khansari sugar factory was established in Khangabok, but it is non-functional at present and has been converted into an IRB battalion. Thoubal College
Thoubal
Political party in Indonesia
Secretariat of Functional Groups (Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya, Sekber Golkar), it is the oldest extant political party in Indonesia. It first participated
Golkar
Territories East geographical constituencies and the Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape functional constituency - resulting from the disqualification
March 2018 Hong Kong by-elections
March_2018_Hong_Kong_by-elections
Hong Kong politician
Legislative Council election, he was elected through the Engineering functional constituency in a four-way contest, beating incumbent Raymond Ho and pro-democrat
Lo_Wai-kwok
agglomerations, cities proper and metropolitan areas. For comparison, Functional Urban Area (FUA) population figures by Eurostat are also provided, however
Urban areas in the European Union
Urban_areas_in_the_European_Union
existing functional constituencies by replacing corporate voting with individual voting; A total of 9 Contemporary functional constituency seats should
1994 Hong Kong electoral reform
1994_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
Approach to the study of social interaction
2001 Studies in Interactional Linguistics and is inspired by West Coast functional grammar which is sometimes considered to have effectively merged with
Conversation_analysis
Political group in Hong Kong
other nonpartisan legislators who mostly came from trade-based functional constituencies consisting of Hong Kong's leading chambers of commerce or business
Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong
Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong
Proposed electoral reform
base of the functional constituencies and also number of geographical constituencies and number of seats in each geographical constituency. The consultation
2014–2015 Hong Kong electoral reform
2014–2015_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
City in West Yorkshire, England
in 1893 by Queen Victoria. Leeds developed as a mill town during the Industrial Revolution alongside other surrounding villages and towns in the West
Leeds
Secondary school in Hong Kong
politician, member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Insurance functional constituency) Fred Li Wah-ming, SBS, JP, politician, former member of the Legislative
Ng Wah Catholic Secondary School
Ng_Wah_Catholic_Secondary_School
Political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups
special administrative regions, some legislators are chosen by functional constituencies (Legislative Council of Hong Kong) where the voters are a mix
Corporatism
Disputed Russian republic in eastern Ukraine
change, seriously under-resourced and, in many instances, completely non-functional". The Ministry of Internal Affairs is the DPR's agency responsible for
Donetsk_People's_Republic
Tenure of Andy Burnham as Greater Manchester Mayor (2017-2026)
he initially intended to resign his parliamentary seat for the Leigh constituency only after the mayoral vote, the snap 2017 general election was called
Mayoralty_of_Andy_Burnham
Centrist political party in Nepal
circle as its election symbol. The party fielded candidates in 131 constituencies for the 2022 general election, but did not contest the provincial elections
Rastriya_Swatantra_Party
Cathedral city in the West Midlands, England
increasingly unfit for habitation, the first council houses were let to their tenants in 1917. With Coventry's industrial base continuing to soar after the
Coventry
Country in Northern Europe
areas. As of 2021[update], 68.19% of the population lives in urban areas. Functional urban areas include Vilnius (population 708,203), Kaunas (population 391
Lithuania
Political party in Hong Kong
landslide victory, winning 12 of the 18 directly elected seats and two functional constituency seats due to the widespread of anti-Beijing sentiments after the
United_Democrats_of_Hong_Kong
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
Lévi-Strauss was arguably the first such scholar, sparking a widespread interest in structuralism. Russian functional linguist Roman Jakobson was an
Structuralism
Town in Odisha, India
has started functioning recently. The town has been expanded with fully functional government services, including Panchayat Samiti, a police station, post
Umerkote
Space Shuttle test vehicle, used for glide tests
launched from a modified Boeing 747. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield. As a result, it was not capable of spaceflight. Originally
Space_Shuttle_Enterprise
Dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968
wrote, "In fascism's heyday, in the 1930s, many regimes that were not functionally fascist borrowed elements of fascist decor in order to lend themselves
António_de_Oliveira_Salazar
Application of linguistics to forensics
were other non-linguistic issues. Nineteen-year-old Bentley, who was functionally illiterate, had been hanged in 1953 for his part in the murder of PC
Forensic_linguistics
Former type of parliamentary borough or constituency in England
electorates used to gain political leverage. In Hong Kong and Macau, functional constituencies (with small voter bases attached to special interests) are often
Rotten_and_pocket_boroughs
Local government in India
mayor combines a functional role of chairing the corporation council meetings as well as ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the
Municipal_corporation_(India)
British administrator, diplomat and sinologist (1924–1986)
electoral college and functional constituencies, with 12 seats each elected by voting. On September 26, 1985, Hong Kong held its first indirect election for
Edward_Youde
Lists of candidates for Seanad Éireann
into the Senate Functional constituency — in Hong Kong and Macao Of the other 17 senators, 6 are elected from university constituencies and 11 are appointed
Vocational_panel
Constituency Strategic Roads are road corridors identified by the Government of Nepal to ensure connectivity within each parliamentary constituency.
Roads_in_Nepal
The six pro-democrats elected to the Legislative Council in functional constituencies in September, including Edward Yiu who took the seat in the traditional
2016 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections
2016_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections
Study of language in historical sources
dynamic factor. Similarities between Sanskrit and European languages were first noted in the early 19th century. This is noted in Juan Mascaró's introduction
Philology
Museum and art gallery in Glasgow, Scotland
Kelvingrove Museum opened in 1870 as the City Industrial Museum. The city had already obtained its first municipal Art galleries in 1856 thanks to Archibald
Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum
Kelvingrove_Art_Gallery_and_Museum
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2026
end of neo-liberalism", "business-friendly socialism" and "a modern and functional response to the high-inequality, low-growth trap that came from the 1980s
Andy_Burnham
City in the West Midlands, England
that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791, it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's
Birmingham
Greater London. Two parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom may also be described as enclaves: the constituencies of Bath and York Central are completely
List_of_enclaves_and_exclaves
Megacity and union territory of India
There are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian Parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi. In the first legislative assembly elections
Delhi
Period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor
overtime pay". As the motion was not passed by both functional constituencies and geographical constituencies, it was negatived. The Hong Kong Federation of
Working_time
Social community of Odisha, India
mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation. Medieval Period Karanas along
Karan_(caste)
Capital and largest city of Ireland
to Government Buildings (2005) "Constituency Commission Report 2017" (PDF). Dáil and European Parliament Constituencies. Archived (PDF) from the original
Dublin
City in north-east Wales
decline after the First World War, and of the seven large-scale collieries operating in the Wrexham area in 1946, only two functional collieries remained
Wrexham
Dam in Jharkhand and Paschim Bardhaman District of, West Bengal
technology in the entire region introduced for the very first time in Maithon. They are no more functional now. DVC has provided employment to thousands of families
Maithon_Dam
Suburb in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
2008. The coeducational school based on the CBSE syllabus is currently functional from classes kindergarten to standard Xll, with 843 students and 65 teachers
Mahindra_World_City,_Chennai
Largest city and administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia
the City Duma on the proposal of the head, and may include sectoral (functional) and territorial bodies of the administration of Vladivostok. Igor Pushkaryov
Vladivostok
Legislative Council of Hong Kong election
procedure, which require a majority in both geographical and functional constituencies, in order to block filibustering, which had been used by pan-democrats
2016 New Territories East by-election
2016_New_Territories_East_by-election
Hong Kong meteorological agency
services to meet the needs of the public and the shipping, aviation, industrial and engineering sectors. The Observatory was established on 2 March 1883
Hong_Kong_Observatory
Prime Minister of Japan from 2009 to 2010
had "helped change his country from a de facto one-party state into a functional democracy", through the DPJ victory in the 2009 general election. Japan
Yukio_Hatoyama
Hong Kong statutory advisory body
succeeded by his son Kenneth Lau. The organisation has its own functional constituency seat in the Hong Kong Legislative Council. Despite having less
Heung_Yee_Kuk
STEM college in Kanpur, India
who preferred to be addressed as "Harcourt Butler". As an advocate of industrial advancement, Sir Harcourt was a promoter of technical education in general
Harcourt Butler Technical University
Harcourt_Butler_Technical_University
2005 controversial proposed electoral reform laws in Hong Kong
geographical constituencies and five functional constituency seats elected by District Councillors. The District Council Functional Constituency would be
2005 Hong Kong electoral reform
2005_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform
City in Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
is part of constituency No. 27 along with Bielsko, Cieszyn, Pszczyna and Żywiec counties. The following deputies represent the constituency in the 2023-2027
Bielsko-Biała
English mathematician, philosopher, and engineer (1791–1871)
applied as notations in differential calculus. They opened up the fields of functional equations (including the difference equations fundamental to the difference
Charles_Babbage
Country in East Asia
Province, with the provincial governments now "streamlined" and no longer functional. The ROC also controls the Pratas Islands and Taiping Island in the Spratly
Taiwan
Capital and largest city of Bulgaria
Retrieved 29 May 2021. "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas". Archived from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved
Sofia
Form of political manipulation
functional constituencies are demarcated by the government and defined in statutes, making them prone to gerrymandering. The functional constituency for
Gerrymandering
Municipal Corporation in Andhra Pradesh, India
same party. Eluru is recognized for its diverse industrial landscape, featuring a wide range of functional categories and economic activities. Since the
Eluru
states – Cambodia, Burma, Laos, and Vietnam. (The one in Laos is already functional) The following proposals were announced by the Prime Minister at the 4th
Foreign_relations_of_India
Country in South Asia
Assembly members are elected via first-past-the-post under universal adult suffrage, representing National Assembly constituencies. The constitution reserves
Pakistan
manifesto of real political reform in Hong Kong and the abolition of functional constituencies, the election can be seen as a de facto referendum and an endorsement
2010_Hong_Kong_by-elections
travel, tourism, insurance
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
INDUSTRIAL FIRST-FUNCTIONAL-CONSTITUENCY
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