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Information conveyed verbally yet not literally
linguistics, an implicature is something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed. Implicatures can aid in
Implicature
Pragmatics of conversational communication
flout them on a surface level; such flouting often signals unspoken implicatures that add to the meaning of the utterance. The concept of the cooperative
Cooperative_principle
Term in linguistics
In pragmatics, scalar implicature, or quantity implicature, is an implicature that attributes an implicit meaning beyond the explicit or literal meaning
Scalar_implicature
British philosopher of language (1913–1988)
Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (with its namesake Gricean maxims), which
Paul_Grice
Theory of cognitive linguistics
are intended by the communicator are categorised into explicatures and implicatures. The explicatures of an utterance are what is explicitly said, often
Relevance_theory
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
Pragmatics Association (IPrA). Pragmatics encompasses phenomena including implicature, speech acts, relevance and conversation, as well as nonverbal communication
Pragmatics
Concept in linguistics
expressions. Entailment contrasts with the pragmatic notion of implicature. While implicatures are fallible inferences, entailments are enforced by lexical
Linguistic_entailment
Semantic interpretations of language
exhaustivity is a semantic entailment encoded in the grammar, a pragmatic implicature arising from Gricean social cognition, or some combination of the two
Exhaustivity
Term in linguistics
implicate [ii] by scalar implicature: i: Alice has three children. ii: Alice has exactly three children. But the implicature can be cancelled by the modification
Defeasibility_(linguistics)
Branch of applied linguistics
Pilkington analyses the idea of 'implicature', as instigated in the previous work of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson. Implicature may be divided into two categories:
Stylistics
Principle that allows one to eliminate unlikely explanations
known as Guillaume's razor): As a principle of parsimony, conversational implicatures are to be preferred over semantic context for linguistic explanations
Philosophical_razor
Question containing an unjustified assumption
Complex question Entailment (pragmatics) False dilemma Gotcha journalism Implicature Leading question Presupposition Suggestive question List of fallacies
Loaded_question
Topics referred to by the same term
containing complementary literals. Cancellable (linguistics), a property of implicatures and presuppositions Cancellation (television), the termination of a television
Cancel
Structured system of communication
spoken; these kinds of effects of meaning are called conversational implicatures. These social rules for which ways of using language are considered appropriate
Language
Scientific study of language
prototype theory. Pragmatics focuses on phenomena such as speech acts, implicature, and talk in interaction. Unlike semantics, which examines meaning that
Linguistics
American linguist and cognitive scientist
influential multidimensional approach to expressivity, conventional implicature, and their kin. His more recent work develops probabilistic models of
Christopher_Potts
(2000). Presumptive meanings : the theory of generalized conversational implicature. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262621304. OCLC 45733473
Philosophy_of_language
Topics referred to by the same term
"p implies q; p is asserted to be true, so therefore q must be true" Implicature, what is suggested in an utterance, even though neither expressed nor
Implication
Request for information
equivalent to no. (For example, in [iiib], the respondent can cancel the implicature by adding a statement like: "Fortunately, she packed everything up early
Question
Disjunction in formal semantics
theory of scalar implicatures: evidence for embedded implicaturess". In Egré, Paul; Magri, Giorgio (eds.). Presuppositions and implicature. MIT Press. v
Hurford_disjunction
Figure of speech
Complex question Presupposition Double-barreled question Loaded question Implicature Performative contradiction Betteridge's law of headlines Gideon O. Burton
Rhetorical_question
2011 book by Daniel Kahneman
alternative interpretation is that the subjects added an unstated cultural implicature to the effect that the other answer implied an exclusive or, that Linda
Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow
often supplemented with contextual information. They contrast with implicatures, the information that the speaker conveys without actually stating it
Explicature
American linguist (born 1945)
in pragmatics, in particular his innovation in the theory of scalar implicature, is widely influential. He is one of the group known as radical pragmaticists
Laurence_R._Horn
Study of meaning in language
Retrieved 2024-02-15. Feng, Guangwu (2010). A Theory of Conventional Implicature and Pragmatic Markers in Chinese. Brill. ISBN 978-1-849-50934-3. Retrieved
Semantics
Varying application boundaries
philosopher Paul Grice — using, among other things, the concept of implicature. Implicature refers to what is suggested by a message to the recipient, without
Fuzzy_concept
True when either but not both inputs are true
inference as pragmatic conversational implicatures calculated on the basis of an inclusive semantics. Implicatures are typically cancellable and do not
Exclusive_or
confusions" are prescribed against. "He noticed that she ran every day" (implicature: she no longer runs every day or whether or not she still runs, he cannot
Tense_confusion
Logical connective OR
pragmatics has shown that this inference can be derived as a conversational implicature on the basis of a semantic denotation which behaves classically. However
Logical_disjunction
Assumed context surrounding an utterance
In this respect, presupposition is distinguished from entailment and implicature. For example, The president was assassinated entails that The president
Presupposition
statement (say more) if the extra information can be contributed by implicature. For instance, the inference from "He broke a finger" to "He broke a
R-principle
Indigenous language of South America
S2CID 50797962. Thomas, Guillaume (2014). "Nominal tense and temporal implicatures: evidence from Mbyá". Natural Language Semantics. 22 (4): 357–412. doi:10
Guarani_language
Interpersonal communication theory dealing with deceptive messages
discourse production, rooted in H. Paul Grice's theory of conversational implicature. IMT argues that, rather than communicators producing truths and lies
Information manipulation theory
Information_manipulation_theory
Gerald James Michael (1976). Formal pragmatics for natural language implicature, presupposition and logical form (PhD thesis). University of Reading
Gerald_Gazdar
Framework in formal semantics and logic
phenomena including focus, scope, disjunction, NPIs, presupposition, and implicature. Montague grammar – Approach to natural language semantics Question –
Alternative_semantics
Semantic property of plurals
unified analyses with other gappy phenomena such as presupposition, scalar implicature, free choice inferences, and vagueness. Homogeneity effects have been
Homogeneity_(semantics)
American computer scientist
Hirschberg's research has included prosody, discourse structure, conversational implicature, text-to-speech synthesis, speech summarization, spoken dialogue systems
Julia_Hirschberg
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
[dubious – discuss] Aptitude of the average person to decode conversational implicature of emotional prosody has been found to be slightly less accurate than
Prosody_(linguistics)
Aspect of communication that is not explicitly announced
for each other's opinions, desires, and character traits. Linguistic implicature studies the kinds of subtext that are often used within language itself
Subtext
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
nonclassicality. In such accounts, exclusivity is typically treated as a scalar implicature. Related puzzles involving disjunction include free choice inferences
Logical_connective
American philosopher (born 1951)
Irregular Negations, Implicature, and Idioms. Springer, 2016. An Introduction to Logic, 3rd Edition. Kunos Press, 2011. Implicature: Intention, Convention
Wayne_Davis_(philosopher)
Topics referred to by the same term
types of atheism coined by George H. Smith Implication (disambiguation) Implicature This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Implicit
Implicit
Phenomenon in natural language
choice and the theory of scalar implicatures". In Sauerland, U.; Stateva, P. (eds.). Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics. Palgrave
Free_choice_inference
1955 lecture series on speech acts by J. L. Austin
development of theories of indirect speech acts, politeness, conversational implicature and communicative competence, often takes Austin's distinctions as a
How_to_Do_Things_with_Words
Hearing what others are saying, and trying to understand what it means
non-interrupting. An active listener analyzes what the speaker is saying for its implicature or subtext as well as for meanings contained explicitly in the verbal
Listening
Concept in formal semantics and philosophical logic
entailment include temporal adverbials, covert reciprocals, and scalar implicature. Although the concept is widely used within formal semantics, it is not
Strawson_entailment
Probabilistic link between public rhetoric and ideologically motivated violence
common techniques include scapegoating, dehumanization, and the use of implicature or "joking" references to violent remedies to preserve plausible deniability
Stochastic_terrorism
English idiom
modest about." 1975, Paul Grice, giving an example of conversational implicature: A professor is writing a testimonial about a pupil who is a candidate
Damning_with_faint_praise
British social scientist
broad theory of communication that focuses on the role of conversational implicatures. His work with Penelope Brown on language structures related to formality
Stephen_Levinson
Overview of and topical guide to linguistics
entailment, truth condition, compositionality Pragmatics presupposition, implicature, deixis People who had a significant influence on the development of
Outline_of_linguistics
Utterance that serves a performative function
in linguisticsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Implicature – Information conveyed verbally yet not literally How to Do Things with
Speech_act
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
transparent intensional logic. Paul Grice and his maxims and theory of implicature established the discipline of pragmatics. Austin and John Searle also
Analytic_philosophy
Topics referred to by the same term
Implicate can refer to: Implicature, what is suggested or implied with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed Implicate order, a concept
Implicate
Academic journal
the journal includes papers from the ongoing debate regarding whether implicatures are computed within the grammar or via post-compositional Gricean reasoning
Semantics_and_Pragmatics
"Say no more than you must (given Q)." The Q-principle leads to the implicature (or narrowing) that if the speaker did not make a stronger statement
Q-principle
American philosopher
variety of issues in philosophy of language concerning semantic content, implicature, and assertion. Moreover, because it is also an ethically meaningful
Jennifer_Saul
Determiners in the English language
of the things represented by the noun, but this exactness is through implicature rather than necessity. In the clause five people complained, for example
English_determiners
Ontological concepts for quantum theory
1980, p. 174). Direct realism Herbertsmithite Holographic principle Implicature Indra's net Interpretations of quantum mechanics Mereology Monadology
Implicate_and_explicate_order
Concept in translation
Atlas, D. Logic, Meaning and Conversation – Semantical Underdeterminacy, Implicature and their Interface, Oxford University Press, 2005. Grice, P. “Logic
The Interpretive Theory of Translation
The_Interpretive_Theory_of_Translation
Topics referred to by the same term
Defeasible may refer to: Defeasibility (linguistics), the ability of an implicature or presupposition to be cancelled Defeasible reasoning, a type of convincing
Defeasible
American philosopher (1916–1999)
relevant to John Searle's "indirect speech act" (1975) and Paul Grice's "implicature" (1975), in addition to entailment. Stylistically, Chisholm was known
Roderick_Chisholm
Formal study of linguistic meaning
contradiction, it is often regarded as a weaker pragmatic inference called an implicature. Traditionally, pragmatics has been viewed as a process of enriching
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
American linguist (1942–2025)
Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Performatives, Presuppositions and Implicatures, ed. R. Rogers, R. Wall & J. Murphy, pages 79–106. Arlington, Va.: Center
Robin_Lakoff
Pictorial analogy
"Metaphors are inherently open-ended, and can produce both strong and weak implicatures, the latter of which are alternate readings of the main message that
Visual_metaphor
Topics referred to by the same term
telecommunications company Gaussian correlation inequality Generalized conversational implicature Geomagnetically induced current Glial cytoplasmic inclusions, a type
GCI
Slang terms and languages used on the Internet
and are used in the same circumstances of deliberate or unintentional implicatures. The expansion of Internet slang has been furthered through codification
Internet_slang
Analytic philosophical methodology focused on the use of everyday language
irrelevant). Such considerations motivated the development of conversational implicature and later pragmatics, which retain attention to use but embed it within
Ordinary_language_philosophy
English writer and producer (born 1951)
for 13 plays. One of these plays, “Lies, Damn Lies and Conversational Implicature”, was performed live with the help of the Ferryhill Town Band at the
Michael_Chaplin_(writer)
American linguist (born 1949)
specificity of referring expressions, the modeling of presupposition and implicature, and methods for capturing modality, mood, tense, and aspect of verbs
Craige_Roberts
Social norm of reciprocating actions
try harder" - Silence and Grice's cooperative principle, maxims and implicatures". PsycEXTRA Dataset. Retrieved 2024-12-10. Brown, Penelope; Levinson
Reciprocity (social psychology)
Reciprocity_(social_psychology)
exploit, exploitable, exploitation, implicate, implication, implicational, implicature, imply, inapplicable, induplicate, induplication, inexplicable, multiplicand
List of Latin verbs with English derivatives
List_of_Latin_verbs_with_English_derivatives
Iranian form of civility or art of etiquette
"Revisited interpretation of Ta'ārof : Towards a model of analysing meta-implicatures of Persian offers in Iranian films". Revista Española de Lingüística
Taarof
Lack of motivation to engage in social interaction
(including eye contact, facial expressions, tone of voice, body language, and implicatures) used to convey emotions and hints. Connecting with others is important
Asociality
Book by Denis Diderot
Apr 1999, n° 26, pp. 99–111. (in English) Mary Byrd Kelly, "Saying by Implicature: The Two Voices of Diderot in La Lettre sur les aveugles," Studies in
Letter_on_the_Blind
American linguist
S2CID 33976680. McCready, Elin (29 July 2010). "Varieties of conventional implicature". Semantics and Pragmatics. 3 (8). doi:10.3765/sp.3.8. McCready, Elin
Elin_McCready
Bilateral relations
(2003): 35–40. T.A. Van Dijk, "War Rhetoric of a Little Ally. Political Implicatures and Aznar's Legitimization of the War in Iraq" Journal of Language and
Spain–United_States_relations
Research method using published knowledge as data
and identifying promising research collaborations. Arrowsmith System Implicature Latent semantic indexing Metaphor Text mining Biocuration BioCreative
Literature-based_discovery
Type of informal fallacy
ever used sugar or PCP?" Complex question Fallacy of many questions Implicature Leading question Loaded question Mu (negative) Persuasive definition
Double-barreled_question
Japanese concept of interpersonal communication
or anticipate an opponent's movements. High- and low-context cultures Implicature Ishin-denshin Nunchi Davies, R & Ikeno, O; The Japanese Mind: Understanding
Haragei
Conditionals that discuss what would have been if things were otherwise
1007/s11050-007-9019-6. S2CID 121835633. Ippolito, Michela (2003). "Presuppositions and implicatures in counterfactuals". Natural Language Semantics. 11 (2): 145–186. doi:10
Counterfactual_conditional
American philosopher, logician, and computer scientist (born 1939)
presupposition, and pragmatics. His essay "Accommodation, Meaning, and Implicature: Interdisciplinary Foundations for Pragmatics" surveys and extends work
Richmond_Thomason
1969 book on speech act theory by John R. Searle
consciousness and social ontology, as well as theories of conversational implicature, indirect speech acts and communicative competence. In linguistics and
Speech_Acts_(book)
Intended purpose of spoken speech
needed, is when the question happens to be rhetorical (see allofunctional implicature section below). While an imperative is a call for action, an interrogative
Sentence_function
Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004
68+ online Van Dijk, T.A. "War Rhetoric of a Little Ally. Political Implicatures and Aznar’s Legitimization of the War in Iraq" Journal of Language and
José_María_Aznar
Phenomenon for disjunction in conditional propositions
some researchers have suggested that it can be analyzed as a pragmatic implicature derived on the basis of classical disjunction and a standard semantics
Simplification of disjunctive antecedents
Simplification_of_disjunctive_antecedents
American linguist
including his doctoral dissertation Pragmatics of conditional marking: Implicature, scalarity, and exclusivity (1999). He has also published scholarly articles
Scott_Schwenter
British philosopher (born 1962)
published papers on the semantics of indirect discourse and conversational implicature (with Maria Kasmirli) and co-edited a volume of research papers in philosophy
Keith_Frankish
Grammatical category indicating truth or falsehood
Kontinen, Jarmo; Werning, Markus (2016-04-29). "Investigating scalar implicatures in a truth-value judgement task: evidence from event-related brain potentials"
Affirmation_and_negation
American philosopher
made an effort to counter arguments used against the classical Gricean implicature account of metaphor, making a number of arguments intended to show that
Elisabeth_Camp
Language group
54395/jot-x4f8c. Thomas, Guillaume (2014-12-01). "Nominal tense and temporal implicatures: evidence from Mbyá". Natural Language Semantics. 22 (4): 357–412. doi:10
Guarani_languages
& Colston, CUP (2023), pp. 17–37 (with Jon Robson) Authenticity and Implicature. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 81 (2023), pp. 387–391 (with
Gregory_Currie
Polish legal theorist
doctorate with distinction from the Jagiellonian University, upon her thesis Implicatures within the legal language supervised by Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki. In
Izabela_Skoczeń
Moscow State University 2009 Emmanuel Chemla Presuppositions and Scalar Implicatures: Formal and Experimental Studies École Normale Supérieure de Paris Lukasz
E._W._Beth_Dissertation_Prize
Meaning not derived from linguistic signs
Non-linguistic meaning may be identified as pragmatics, and include beliefs, implicatures, social factors and other features of the context. Paul Grice distinguished
Meaning_(non-linguistic)
Suggested principles of politeness
Routledge. Kordić, S. (1991). "Konverzacijske implikature" [Conversational implicatures] (PDF). Suvremena Lingvistika (in Serbo-Croatian). 17 (31–32): 87–96
Politeness_maxims
American philosopher
Green, Mitchell S. (September 2007). "Direct Reference, Empty Names and Implicature". Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 37 (3): 419–447. doi:10.1353/cjp.2007
Mitchell_Green
Formal statement in logic
is not. Some logicians, such as Paul Grice, have used conversational implicature to argue that, despite apparent difficulties, the material conditional
Strict_conditional
Truth-based approach to semantics
pre-semantic (disambiguation or reference assignment) or post-semantic (drawing implicatures, determining speech acts), but is also key to determining the truth-conditions
Truth-conditional_semantics
One of the nine aesthetic flavors in Sanskrit literature
ultimately leads to peace and tranquility. In Ānandavardhana's Light on implicature (Dhvanyāloka), where rasa is a central phenomenon, he argues that the
Shanta_Rasa
Psycholinguist
acquisition of disjunction: Evidence for a grammatical view of scalar implicatures. Proceedings of the 25th Boston University conference on language development
Maria_Teresa_Guasti
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
Girl/Female
Biblical
Punishment, correction.
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who has union with elixir of naam
Boy/Male
Basque
Of the conquering people.
Boy/Male
Tamil
A famous snake in Hindu mythology
Boy/Male
Hindu
A tree, Name of the planet mars, The son of the earth
Boy/Male
Tamil
Virtuous maiden
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Manse; A Manse is a House Occupied by a Clergyman
Boy/Male
Arabic
Pretty; Handsome; Beautiful
Biblical
well of weight
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The Guru's Shining Lamp
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE
IMPLICATURE