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Spanish and Portuguese energy policy
The Iberian exception (IE) is a set of legal measures introduced by the governments of Spain and Portugal to reduce electricity prices for Spanish and
Iberian_exception
Peninsula in southwestern Europe
The Iberian Peninsula (IPA: /aɪˈbɪəriən/ eye-BEER-ee-ən), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in southwestern Europe. Mostly separated from the rest
Iberian_Peninsula
Pre-Roman languages indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula
Paleohispanic languages, with the exception of Proto-Basque, were replaced by Latin, the ancestor of the modern Iberian Romance languages. Some of these
Paleohispanic_languages
Extinct language of an indigenous western European people
The Iberian language is the language or family of languages of an indigenous western European people (the Iberians), identified by Greek and Roman sources
Iberian_language
Writing system
[citation needed] All of the Paleohispanic scripts, with the exception of the Greco-Iberian alphabet, share a common distinctive typological characteristic:
Northeastern_Iberian_script
Commission granting Spain a temporary mechanism to cap gas prices (the "Iberian exception"). Other major events included the 2021 Morocco–Spain border incident
2023_Spanish_general_election
Medieval Christian military campaigns (722–1492)
the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military campaigns by northern Iberian Christian polities against Muslim-ruled al-Andalus, which had been part
Reconquista
Writing system
The southeastern Iberian script, also known as Meridional Iberian, was one of the means of written expression for the Iberian language, which was primarily
Southeastern_Iberian_script
Heat waves affecting Europe in 2022
at least, the last 20 years." The first day of application of the "Iberian exception", by which the regulated price of electricity is calculated with a
2022_European_heatwaves
197–195 BC revolt against the Romans
The Iberian revolt (197–195 BC) was a rebellion of the Iberian peoples of the provinces Citerior and Ulterior, created shortly before in Hispania by the
Iberian_revolt
World Heritage Site in Spain
The group of over 700 sites of prehistoric Rock Art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin, a type of Levantine art, were collectively declared a World Heritage
Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin
Country in Southern and Western Europe
early antiquity, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by Iberians, Celts, and other pre-Roman peoples. The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula created
Spain
Listing of events in Spanish history
general Tariq ibn Ziyad, loyal to the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I, enters the Iberian peninsula from North Africa. At the Battle of Guadalete, Tariq ibn Ziyad
Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula
Timeline_of_the_Muslim_presence_in_the_Iberian_Peninsula
Writing systems used before the Latin alphabet in Iberia
created in the Iberian Peninsula before the Latin alphabet became the dominant script. They derive from the Phoenician alphabet, with the exception of the Greco-Iberian
Paleohispanic_scripts
Copper Age (3500 to 1700 BC) in prehistoric Europe
period. Large towns with stone walls appeared in two different areas of the Iberian Peninsula: one in the Portuguese region of Estremadura (culture of Vila
Chalcolithic_Europe
Region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate
European peninsulas, the Apennine Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, and the Iberian Peninsula, extend into and comprise much of the Mediterranean-climate zone
Mediterranean_basin
southwestern Europe and northern Africa, occupying about 84.6% of the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory includes a small exclave inside France called
Geography_of_Spain
Ancient writing system from the Iberian peninsula
northeastern Iberian script, the most frequently used of the Iberian scripts. All the Paleohispanic scripts, with the exception of the Greco-Iberian alphabet
Celtiberian_script
Period in Jewish history
During this period, Jews living in what was collectively called al-Andalus (Iberian territories under Muslim rule 711–1492, now Spain, Portugal, and Gibraltar)
Golden Age of Jewish culture in Spain
Golden_Age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain
Interpretatio Christiana strategic method
the temples of the old dispensation became the province of the new." Exceptions to this are the conversion of the Askepieion in Athens around 529, and
Christianized_sites
Technological development due to wars
Due to centuries of constant conflict, warfare and daily life in the Iberian Peninsula were interlinked. Small, lightly equipped armies were maintained
Iberian ship development, 1400–1600
Iberian_ship_development,_1400–1600
Dialect of the Portuguese language
Portuguese. "Peninsular Portuguese" (Portuguese: português peninsular) and "Iberian Portuguese" (Portuguese: português ibérico) are sometimes used, but they
European_Portuguese
Medieval West Iberian Romance language
Medieval Portuguese, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. It is both the ancestor
Galician–Portuguese
as a custom of Iron Age Spain, particularly in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula. Departing from the native tribe and serving militarily in others
Mercenaries of the ancient Iberian Peninsula
Mercenaries_of_the_ancient_Iberian_Peninsula
Jewish diaspora of Spain and Portugal
and rarely as Iberian Peninsula Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the historic Jewish communities of the Iberian Peninsula and their
Sephardic_Jews
Ethnic group
the exception of Basque, stem from the Vulgar Latin that was spoken in Hispania (Roman Iberia). A new group of Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula
Spaniards
Set of varieties of Spanish language
(Spanish: español de España), European Spanish (Spanish: español europeo), or Iberian Spanish (Spanish: español ibérico), is the set of varieties of the Spanish
Peninsular_Spanish
Arabic expression meaning "if God wills" or "God willing"
future, having the same meaning as the English word "hopefully". In the Iberian languages, the expression was borrowed as oxalá or ojalá, and it is used
Inshallah
Writing system used c. 1050 to 146 BC
bulk of PH inscriptions use, by far, the Northeastern Iberian script, which serves to write Iberian in the levantine coast North of Contestania and in the
Phoenician_alphabet
In the Iron Age large parts of Spain were a centre for Celtic art, and Iberian sculpture has a distinct style, partly influenced by coastal Greek settlements
Spanish_art
Prehistory in the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Homo genus representatives from Africa, which may range from c. 1.5 million years
Prehistoric_Iberia
Direct descendants of Vulgar Latin
Romance languages form a continuum extending from the far southwest of the Iberian Peninsula to the Flemish linguistic boundary in Belgium and as far as Istria
Romance_languages
Spanish politician and chemical engineer (born 1976)
Russian invasion of Ukraine, contributed to the approval of the "Iberian energy exception" and prepared the update of the National Integrated Energy and
Sara_Aagesen
centuries played a significant role in the expansion of the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula for a multitude of reasons. Primarily, the maps developed during
Iberian cartography, 1400–1600
Iberian_cartography,_1400–1600
The woodlands of the Iberian Peninsula are distinct ecosystems on the Iberian Peninsula (which includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar and Southern
Forests of the Iberian Peninsula
Forests_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula
1618–1651 theater of war
These overseas dimensions involved mainly the pro-Habsburg and Catholic Iberian Union (Spain and Portugal) against the anti-Hasburg and Protestant coalition
Thirty Years' War outside Europe
Thirty_Years'_War_outside_Europe
Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492)
romanised: al-ʾAndalus) refers to the various Muslim ruled territories on the Iberian Peninsula that existed between 711 and 1492. At its height, it covered
Al-Andalus
parental strengths through ornamental cues (e.g. a yellow chest patch in Iberian rock sparrows) are based on the differential allocation hypothesis. This
Parental_care_in_birds
Muslim-descended community in Spain
sizeable Muslim population, the mudéjars, in the early 16th century. The Iberian Union mistrusted Moriscos and feared that they would prompt new invasions
Morisco
Title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain and Portugal
"infant" or translated as "prince", is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile
Infante
to slow down the German advance until reinforcements can arrive. The Exception 2016 1940 Deposed Kaiser Wilhelm II living in exile in Nazi-occupied Netherlands
List of historical films set in Near Eastern and Western civilization
List_of_historical_films_set_in_Near_Eastern_and_Western_civilization
Subspecies of carnivore
With the exception of the wolves in Italy and the Iberian Peninsula, all populations shown here consist of Eurasian wolves.
Eurasian_wolf
European languages prior to the Bronze Age
language. ? Iberian – perhaps a relative to Aquitanian and Basque, but not confirmed. Tartessian – unclassified; possibly related to Iberian, if not related
Paleo-European_languages
of rulers during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages in Gaul, the Iberian Peninsula and in the Byzantine Empire. Royal persecutions of Jews from
Conversions of Jews to Christianity
Conversions_of_Jews_to_Christianity
1807–1814 war against Napoleon in Iberia
Toulouse The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by the Iberian nations Spain and Portugal, along with the United Kingdom,
Peninsular_War
418–720 kingdom in Iberia
barbarian kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th century. One of the Germanic successor
Visigothic_Kingdom
Twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet
in most Iberian languages and in the orthographies of other languages influenced by Spanish, such as Nahuatl. In French (with a few exceptions), Italian
X
Aragon, whose marriage marked the beginning of Spanish power beyond the Iberian Peninsula. They pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas
quality and condition of public services (particularly following the 2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout the 2026 Adamuz and Gelida train accidents), as well
Next_Spanish_general_election
Generic term for alcoholic beverages containing 29% to 60% alcohol by volume
from and is typically consumed on the Iberian Peninsula and in Ibero-America. The word is a compound of the Iberian languages' words for 'water' (agua in
Aguardiente
1386 alliance between the UK and Portugal
as independent states, with one brief exception as described below. While Portugal was subsumed under the Iberian Union, rebellious Portuguese factions
Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance
1907 painting by Pablo Picasso
of Egyptian or southern Asian style. The two adjacent figures are in an Iberian style of Picasso's Spain, while the two on the right have African mask-like
Les_Demoiselles_d'Avignon
Sculpture style in Europe during the Middle Ages
the 14th century, the French style triumphed in most regions, with the exception of Galicia and Extremadura, and the main centres of monumental sculpture
Gothic_sculpture
Coexistence of cultures in al-Andalus
Muslims, Christians, and Jews co-existed for over seven centuries in the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Al-Andalus states. The degree to which the
Social and cultural exchange in al-Andalus
Social_and_cultural_exchange_in_al-Andalus
Dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968
Portugal and Spain signed the Iberian Pact, a non-aggression treaty that marked the beginning of a new phase in Iberian relations. Meetings between Franco
António_de_Oliveira_Salazar
from the start of September 2025 through to 31 August 2026, with the exception of the Eastern Mediterranean group, which the season begins on 1 October
2025–26 European windstorm season
2025–26_European_windstorm_season
State in Islamic Iberia (756–1031 CE)
Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts
Umayyad_state_of_Córdoba
Natural region in Northern Spain
Cantabrian mixed forests Climate of Spain The Eurosiberian region of the Iberian Peninsula Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome "Cuatro destinos
Cantabrian_Coast
History of Istanbul under Ottoman rule
Istanbul. Bayezid II, upon learning of the expulsion of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, reportedly exclaimed: "Ferdinand of Spain is a foolish king
Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire
Istanbul_during_the_Ottoman_Empire
Type of medieval songbook
were compiled primarily in France, but also in Italy, Germany and in the Iberian Peninsula. Cangé Chansonnier Cappella Giulia Chansonnier Casanatense chansonnier
Chansonnier
a coastal nation in western Europe, located at the western end of the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Spain (on its northern and eastern frontiers: a total
Geography_of_Portugal
Germanic people of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages
the Treasure of Guarrazar, and its legal code remained influential in Iberian law until the Late Middle Ages. In 711, the Visigothic kingdom collapsed
Visigoths
Romance language historically spoken by Sephardi Jews
It has been spoken by Sephardic Jews since they were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula after the Edict of Expulsion, and with their migrations it spread
Judaeo-Spanish
Municipality in Spain
Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of 824,340, it is
Valencia
Sweet and viscous substance made by bees
flavor caused by fermentation, smoke, chemicals, or other causes with the exception of the predominant floral source" Practically free "contains practically
Honey
Spanish and Portuguese for roast goat kid
the name in both Spanish and Portuguese for roast goat kid in various Iberian and Latin American cuisines. Cabrito is eaten in the Córdoba Province in
Cabrito
French military unit (1801–1815)
Catholic, the Spanish people remembered the period of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors, and was offended by the presence of the Muslims
Mamelukes of the Imperial Guard
Mamelukes_of_the_Imperial_Guard
Language of the Basque people
other linguists, encompasses the Basco-Iberian hypothesis. Iberian: another ancient language once spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, shows several similarities
Basque_language
Ancient town & Roman Catholic titular see in Spain
Castulo (Latin: Castulo; Iberian: Kastilo) was an Iberian town and bishopric (now Latin titular see located in the Andalusian province of Jaén, in south-central
Castulo
Municipality in Andalusia, Spain
Emirate of Granada under Nasrid rule, the last Muslim-ruled state in the Iberian Peninsula. Granada was conquered in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs and progressively
Granada
wide range of fields. 20 June – Following a surge in population of the Iberian lynx – from 62 mature individuals in 2001 to 648 in 2022 – the International
2024_in_science
Autonomous community of Spain
autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest
Andalusia
the Iberian Peninsula (the Reconquista). Mosques were an integral part of Al-Andalus social, political and cultural spheres. With the exception of the
List of former mosques in Spain
List_of_former_mosques_in_Spain
Technique of knotting cords or thick yarns to make lace or fringe
flies off camels and horses in northern Africa. The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula took the craft to Spain, then Italy, especially in the region
Macramé
Species of moth
It is found in most of Europe, with the exception of Iceland, Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux, the Iberian Peninsula, Croatia and Slovenia. The wingspan
Lampronia_rupella
Languages of Eurasia before the arrival of Indo-European languages
Spain to the Caucasus Mountains; Iberian, which was spoken by most of Spain prior to the Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula; Libyan, which was spoken
Pre-Indo-European_languages
Species of moth
family Prodoxidae. It is found in most of Europe, with the exception of Iceland, Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula and most of the Balkan Peninsula. The wingspan
Lampronia_flavimitrella
Second Punic War (3rd century BCE), through the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans founded cities and Romanized some previously existing
Roman_cities_in_Portugal
Iron Age type of settlement
called oppida. Such wider use of the term is, for example, common in the Iberian archaeology; in the descriptions of the Castro culture it is commonly used
Oppidum
Type of barnacle
which are harvested manually at great risk by percebeiros on the northern Iberian coast, mainly in Galicia and Asturias, and on the southwestern Portuguese
Goose_barnacle
Spanish archipelago in the Mediterranean
archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a province and autonomous community of
Balearic_Islands
15th-century codex in an unknown script
suggestive of the medieval languages of France, northwest Italy, or the Iberian Peninsula. f116v: Four lines written in rather distorted Latin script,
Voynich_manuscript
Spanish heraldic tradition, with many elements, chiefly the semicircular Iberian shield still common. With Mexico embracing its Indigenous cultural wealth
Mexican_heraldry
List of Georgian consorts
united once more with the exception of Imereti. Upon Teimuraz II's death, Kartli and Kakheti were united once more with the exception of Imereti. In 1762,
List of Georgian royal consorts
List_of_Georgian_royal_consorts
Cards used for games or divination
time widespread across the whole of Europe except the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula, and the Balkans. Having fallen into decline by the 20th century
Tarot
2001 live album by Steve Vai
for the United Kingdom "Whispering a Prayer" – 8:45 Song for Ireland "Iberian Jewel" – 4:38 Song for Spain "The Power of Bombos" – 5:04 Song for Greece
Alive_in_an_Ultra_World
Book by Beatus of Liébana
illustrations in a group of illustrated manuscripts, mostly produced on the Iberian Peninsula over the following five centuries. There are 29 surviving illustrated
Commentary_on_the_Apocalypse
Bronze Age culture in Portugal
The South-Western Iberian Bronze is a loosely defined Bronze Age culture of Southern Portugal and nearby areas of SW Spain (Huelva, Seville, Extremadura)
South-Western_Iberian_Bronze
Territories in Northwestern Europe in which Celtic cultural traits have survived
education, which is part of the Gaelscoil movement. Parts of the northern Iberian Peninsula, namely Galicia, Cantabria, Asturias in Spain, and the North
Celtic_nations
France. While geographically located in the Iberian Peninsula, Basques are often distinguished from other Iberian populations due to their unique language
History_of_the_Basques
Municipality in Norte, Portugal
Germanic tribe of the Buri accompanied the Suebi in their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and establishment in Gallaecia (modern northern Portugal). The
Terras_de_Bouro
Period of Roman history (c. 509 – 27 BC)
completely destroyed. Rome acquired all of Carthage's North African and Iberian territories. The Romans rebuilt Carthage 100 years later as a Roman colony
Roman_Republic
Medieval kingdom around the Pyrenees
(/nəˈvɑːr/ nə-VAR), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a historical Iberian polity which occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with
Kingdom_of_Navarre
1640–1668 war between Portugal and Spain
ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between
Portuguese_Restoration_War
Period in Jewish history, c. 70 CE–638 CE
Mediterranean, including Egypt, North Africa, Asia Minor, Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula. The Rabbinic period was consequential in the ongoing development
Rabbinic_period
Historical period
ibn Ziyad, belonging to the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus, invaded the Iberian peninsula then controlled in its entirety by the Visigothic Kingdom. The
Portugal_in_the_Reconquista
War between Rome and Carthage (218–201 BC)
The Carthaginians and Romans also both made use of Numidian, Gallic, and Iberian allies. The First Punic War had ended in a Roman victory in 241 BC after
Second_Punic_War
Species of tree
part of the cultural landscape and as a result animal species such as the Iberian lynx and imperial eagles are threatened with extinction. The cork oak grows
Quercus_suber
Islam was once a major religion on the Iberian Peninsula, beginning with the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and ending (at least overtly) with
Islam_in_Spain
Playing card deck used in English-speaking countries
packs are common in Italy; 40- and 48-card Spanish-suited packs on the Iberian peninsula; and 36-card German-suited packs are very common in Bavaria and
Standard_52-card_deck
travel, tourism, insurance
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
Boy/Male
Biblical
In fellowship, in envy.
Girl/Female
Italian Latin
From the Tiber.
Boy/Male
Australian
Free Man
Boy/Male
Russian Ukrainian
Lives near the weeds.
Male
Irish
 Irish name derived from Celtic Brigonos, BRIAN means "high hill." Compare with another form of Brian.
Biblical
in fellowship; in envy
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from the Yiddish male personal name Berman, meaning ‘bear man’.Respelling of German Bermann 1–3.English : occupational name for a porter, Middle English berman (Old English bærmann, from beran ‘to carry’ + mann ‘man’).English : possibly from a Middle English personal name, Ber(e)man, which may be derived from Old English Beornmund, composed of the elements beorn ‘young man’, ‘warrior’ + mund ‘protection’.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Irish
Little Rose
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Defends.
Male
English
 Old French derogatory byname derived from the Old Occitan word brian, BRIAN means "maggot." Compare with another form of Brian.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Good vision, the navel.
Male
English
High, Noble, Strong
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Celtic, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Gaelic, German, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Malayalam, Norse, Swedish
Strong; Honourable; Strength; High; Noble; Virtuous; Hill; Hill Place; Brave
Girl/Female
Irish
From Ireland.
Male
Ukrainian
, dwells near the weeds.
Biblical
good vision; the navel
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Harm.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Ploughs.
Boy/Male
Norse American Celtic English Welsh
Strong.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Protects.
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
IBERIAN EXCEPTION
travel, tourism, insurance