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Railway transports used in Nazi Germany
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for
Holocaust_trains
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
The Holocaust, known in Hebrew as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators
The_Holocaust
1988 composition by Steve Reich
traveling in Holocaust trains. Steve Reich's earlier work had frequently used tape, looped and played back at different speeds. However, Different Trains was a
Different_Trains
Museum in Washington, D.C., U.S.
States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial and museum dedicated to the history and legacy of the Holocaust. Opened
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum
Nazi euphemism for the Final Solution
but those claims are rejected by historians. Final Solution Holocaust Holocaust trains Reichsbahn Pogrom "Major deportations to killing centers, 1942-1944"
Resettlement_to_the_East
People who survived the Holocaust
Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators
Holocaust_survivors
variety of "letters, memos, blueprints, orders, bills, speeches"; Holocaust train schedules and statistical summaries generated by the SS; and photographs
Evidence and documentation for the Holocaust
Evidence_and_documentation_for_the_Holocaust
The Holocaust saw the ghettoization, robbery, deportation and mass murder of Jews in occupied Poland by Nazi Germany. Over three million Polish Jews were
The_Holocaust_in_Poland
The Holocaust saw the dispossession, deportation and systematic murder of more than half of the Hungarian Jews, primarily after the German occupation
The_Holocaust_in_Hungary
The Holocaust saw the systematic mass murder of Jews in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, the General Government, the Crimean General Government and some
The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine
Genocide of Lithuanian Jews
The Holocaust resulted in the near total eradication of Lithuanian (Litvaks) and Polish Jews[a] in Generalbezirk Litauen of the Reichskommissariat Ostland
The_Holocaust_in_Lithuania
Agreement between Nazi Germany and Zionist organizations
Agreement and the Boycott Movement: A Jewish Dilemma on the Eve of the Holocaust, Yad Vashem Shoah Resource Center, accessed 28 April 2016. Francis R.
Haavara_Agreement
The Holocaust has been a prominent subject of art and literature throughout the second half of the twentieth century. There is a wide range of ways–including
The Holocaust in the arts and popular culture
The_Holocaust_in_the_arts_and_popular_culture
The Holocaust saw the mass murder of Dutch Jews by Nazi Germany in occupied Netherlands during the Second World War. The Nazi occupation in 1940 immediately
The Holocaust in the Netherlands
The_Holocaust_in_the_Netherlands
The Holocaust saw the genocide of at least 2 million Soviet Jews by Nazi Germany, Romania, and local collaborators during the German-Soviet War, part
The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
The_Holocaust_in_the_Soviet_Union
The Holocaust in what is today North Macedonia saw the mass murder of Macedonian Jews in World War II as a result of deportation organized by the governments
The Holocaust in North Macedonia
The_Holocaust_in_North_Macedonia
Nazi extermination camp in Poland (1942–1943)
420 German military trains were passing through every 24 hours on top of internal traffic already in 1941. The Holocaust trains' passage to their destination
Treblinka_extermination_camp
The Holocaust saw the systematic extermination of Jews living in Byelorussia during its occupation by Nazi Germany in World War II. Before the construction
The_Holocaust_in_Belarus
Historic railway station in Łódź, Poland
originally built between 1926 and 1937, was used extensively during the Holocaust. It served as the Umschlagplatz for transporting Jews from the Łódź Ghetto
Radegast_train_station
The Holocaust saw a genocide committed against Russian Jews during the occupation of Soviet Russia by Nazi Germany. On 22 June 1941, Adolf Hitler abruptly
The_Holocaust_in_Russia
Historiographical debate
The assertion that the Holocaust was a unique event in human history was important to the historiography of the Holocaust, but it has come under increasing
Holocaust_uniqueness_debate
The Holocaust had a deep effect on society both in Europe and the rest of the world, and today its consequences are still being felt, both by children
Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust
Germany (25% of the total prewar Jewish population) were killed in the Holocaust by German units such as Einsatzgruppe A and/or local collaborators. The
The_Holocaust_in_Estonia
Nazi extermination camp in Poland (1942–1943)
which the number of trains could be gleaned. Some assumptions had to be made about the number of persons per each Holocaust train. The Deutsche Reichsbahn
Belzec_extermination_camp
Holding areas for ghettoised Jews to be sent to death camps during World War II
Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in Poland. Often those awaiting the arrival of Holocaust trains, were held at the Umschlagplatz overnight
Umschlagplatz
International memorial day on 27 January for the victims of Nazi genocides
International Holocaust Remembrance Day, or the International Day in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust, is an international memorial day on 27 January
International Holocaust Remembrance Day
International_Holocaust_Remembrance_Day
The Holocaust saw the genocide of Jews within the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), a fascist puppet state that
The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia
Luxembourg were systematically persecuted, expelled and murdered in the Holocaust after Luxembourg's occupation and later annexation by Nazi Germany. It
The_Holocaust_in_Luxembourg
organizations, museums and monuments are intended to serve as memorials to the Holocaust, the Nazi Final Solution, and its millions of victims. Memorials and museums
List of Holocaust memorials and museums
List_of_Holocaust_memorials_and_museums
Lewinbok, who provided testimony about The Holocaust, stated that the passengers were told that the train was stopping for lunch. Instead, the Schutzstaffel
Transport of Czech Jews to Baranavichy
Transport_of_Czech_Jews_to_Baranavichy
Sculpture in Berlin, Germany
of another. Children in the Holocaust Holocaust trains Kindertransport – The Arrival (2003), London "Trains to Life – Trains to Death". Berlin Tourismus
Trains to Life – Trains to Death
Trains_to_Life_–_Trains_to_Death
The Holocaust in France was the persecution, deportation, and annihilation of Jews between 1940 and 1944 in occupied France, metropolitan Vichy France
The_Holocaust_in_France
Historiography on the two events
The Holocaust and the Nakba have been studied as interrelated events in discussions of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, both historically and in the
The_Holocaust_and_the_Nakba
Waffen-SS soldier (1921–2017)
the SS men who met Jewish prisoners as they arrived at the camp in Holocaust trains and escorted them to the gas chambers. In 2016, Hanning was convicted
Reinhold_Hanning
Polish resistance member and Holocaust witness
the end of war, Ząbecki regularly delivered his reports about the Holocaust trains to the Polish government-in-exile. Franciszek Ząbecki was born in Łyszkowice
Franciszek_Ząbecki
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
men, women and children were deported to Auschwitz death camp aboard Holocaust trains following roundups lasting from June until August 1943. The ghetto
Sosnowiec_Ghetto
economic ties to Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy throughout the period of the Holocaust. Before the war, Francisco Franco had taken power in Spain at the head
Spain_and_the_Holocaust
The Holocaust saw the mass murder of Greek Jews, as part of their deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp, by the Nazis during World War II. By 1945
The_Holocaust_in_Greece
Topics referred to by the same term
Death train may refer to: Death trains, an alternative name for Holocaust trains, used to transport Jews to Nazi concentration and extermination camps
Death_train
Train transporting Nazi prisoners in 1945
The Lost Train (German: Verlorener Zug) also known as "The lost Transport" (German: Zug der Verlorenen), was the third of three trains that were intended
The_Lost_Train
This is a list of major perpetrators of the Holocaust. Kershaw (2008) Hitler: A Biography, p. 955 Joachimsthaler (1999) [1995] The Last Days of Hitler:
List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
List_of_major_perpetrators_of_the_Holocaust
Aspect of World War II
strong diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany during the period of the Holocaust. During the war, Turkey denaturalized 3,000 to 5,000 Jews living abroad;
Turkey_and_the_Holocaust
1943 freeing of Jews from a Holocaust train
On 19 April 1943, members of the Belgian Resistance stopped a Holocaust train and freed a number of Jews who were being transported to Auschwitz concentration
Attack on the twentieth convoy
Attack_on_the_twentieth_convoy
persecuted, plundered, and killed by German and Austrian Nazis in the Holocaust from 1938 to 1945. Pervasive persecution of Jews was immediate after the
The_Holocaust_in_Austria
Antisemitic conspiracy theory
Holocaust denial is the negationist and antisemitic fringe claim that Nazi Germany and its collaborators did not commit genocide against European Jews
Holocaust_denial
List of deportation transports from Slovakia during the Holocaust
During the Holocaust, most of Slovakia's Jewish population was deported in two waves—in 1942 and in 1944–1945. In 1942, there were two destinations: 18
List of Holocaust transports from Slovakia
List_of_Holocaust_transports_from_Slovakia
The Holocaust saw the systematic dispossession, deportation, and murder of Jews and Roma in German-occupied Belgium during World War II. Out of about
The_Holocaust_in_Belgium
Israel's day of commemoration for the Jews murdered in the Holocaust
as Holocaust Remembrance Day, or Holocaust Day, is Israel's day of commemoration for the approximately six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust by Nazi
Yom_HaShoah
The Holocaust in Latvia refers to the crimes against humanity committed by Nazi Germany and collaborators victimizing Jews during the occupation of Latvia
The_Holocaust_in_Latvia
Post-World War II agreement
caused by Germany through the Holocaust." Israel's relations with Germany, already extremely delicate on account of the Holocaust, were complicated further
Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
Reparations_Agreement_between_Israel_and_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany
Holocaust memorial in Milan, Italy
freight cars and taken on Holocaust trains to extermination camps, either directly or via other transit camps. Twenty trains and up to 1,200 Jewish prisoners
Memoriale_della_Shoah
The Holocaust saw crimes committed against Jews in Albania while Albania was under Italian and German occupation during World War II. Throughout the war
The_Holocaust_in_Albania
Soviet action during World War II
Śląski but also to Gleiwitz (Gliwice), where they were forced into Holocaust trains and transported to concentration camps in Germany. However, the liberation
Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp
Liberation_of_Auschwitz_concentration_camp
Communique on the Holocaust
1937–1939 Bibliography of the Holocaust § Primary Sources Encyclopedia article Bauer, Yehuda (2001). Rethinking the Holocaust (Yale University Press, New
Riegner_telegram
2001 book by Edwin Black
IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation is a book by investigative journalist and historian
IBM_and_the_Holocaust
German Nazi politician
overcrowding making sitting impossible and increasing their distress. The Holocaust trains were hired by Adolf Eichmann, and the Reichsbahn demanded one-way fares
Albert_Ganzenmüller
Topics referred to by the same term
Phantom train may refer to: Phantom trains, an alternative name for Holocaust trains, used to transport Jews to Nazi concentration and extermination camps
Phantom_train
Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews
process ordinary train traffic. Hecht, Ben; Messner, Julian (31 December 1969). "Holocaust: The Trains". aishcom. Aish.com Holocaust Studies. Archived
Final_Solution
Tourism around destinations associated with The Holocaust
Holocaust tourism is tourism to destinations connected with the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in World War II, including visits to sites of
Holocaust_tourism
life, documenting Nazi crimes, and helping others survive during the Holocaust. Due to the overwhelming military power of Nazi Germany and its allies
Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe
Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe
Photographic record of the Holocaust
The Auschwitz Album is a photographic record of the Holocaust during the Second World War. It and the Sonderkommando photographs are among the small number
Auschwitz_Album
Nazi forced transfers of prisoners
During the Holocaust, death marches (German: Todesmärsche) were massive forced transfers of prisoners from one Nazi camp to other locations, which involved
Death marches during the Holocaust
Death_marches_during_the_Holocaust
Distortion of the genocide of Jews in World War II
profiting from selling water to dehydrated Jews in Holocaust trains. Another instance of Holocaust distortion takes place in Hungary. In Hungary, over
Holocaust_distortion
German Nazi leader of the SS (1900–1945)
figures in Nazi Germany. He was also one of the main architects of the Holocaust, the genocide of European Jews during World War II. After serving in a
Heinrich_Himmler
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
approximately 30,000–32,000 victims (men, women and children) deported aboard Holocaust trains to their deaths at the Treblinka extermination camp. In the invasion
Radom_Ghetto
Large convoy of Jews deported in 1944
Convoy 77 of July 31, 1944 was the last large convoy of Jews held at the Drancy internment camp, who were transported from Bobigny station to the Auschwitz-Birkenau
Convoy_77_of_July_31,_1944
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
days of deportations to Treblinka and Majdanek aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains. The Piotrków Ghetto was the first wartime ghetto of its kind. Set
Piotrków_Trybunalski_Ghetto
Jewish armed uprisings against Nazi Germany
were either killed on the spot or captured and transported aboard Holocaust trains to extermination camps before the Ghetto was razed to the ground. At
Ghetto_uprisings
Nazi death camps established to systematically murder
specifically for the systematic killing of people delivered en masse by the Holocaust trains. Deportees were normally murdered within a few hours of arrival at
Extermination_camp
Bosnian Croatian Franciscan friar and war criminal
the Holocaust, 1930–1965. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253337252. Phayer, Michael (2008). Pius XII, the Holocaust, and
Miroslav_Filipović
November. The prisoners boarded cargo trains at Breslauer Bahnhof, 60 to a car and departed Stettin at 5:12 pm. The train journey to Auschwitz took 28 hours
The_Holocaust_in_Norway
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
the Umschlagplatz holding area. From there, they were sent aboard Holocaust trains to the Treblinka death camp, built in a forest 80 kilometres (50 mi)
Warsaw_Ghetto
Polish holocaust survivor
Jacob) Wiernik (Hebrew: יעקב ויירניק; 1889–1972) was a Polish-Jewish Holocaust survivor who was an influential figure in the Treblinka extermination
Jankiel_Wiernik
Nazi ghetto for Jews in Hungary
in some areas of the Jewish quarter tiny bits of the wall remain. US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Map of the Budapest Ghetto. Decree On the Establishment
Budapest_Ghetto
complex issues of continuity between the Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust. It is argued that the Herero and Nama genocide set a precedent in Imperial
Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust
Herero_and_Nama_genocide_and_the_Holocaust
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
mass deportations, 48,000. Most ghetto inmates were delivered by the Holocaust trains to Treblinka extermination camp, where they were murdered. In June
Częstochowa_Ghetto
the eastern district of Cyrenaica and its capital Benghazi. During the Holocaust hundreds of Jews died of starvation. With approximately 40,000 Jews living
The_Holocaust_in_Libya
Memorial in Berlin, Germany
also known as the Holocaust Memorial (German: Holocaust-Mahnmal), is a memorial in Berlin to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust committed by Nazi Germany
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
Memorial_to_the_Murdered_Jews_of_Europe
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
Holocaust in occupied Poland, they were rounded up – men, women and children – and deported to Treblinka extermination camp aboard Holocaust trains.
Mińsk_Mazowiecki_Ghetto
Holocaust museum, Human rights museum in Thessaloniki, Greece
Ghetto was established near the train station. In 1943 the city's 56,000 Jews were deported, by use of 19 Holocaust trains, to Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen
Holocaust_Museum_of_Greece
Nazi German concentration camp in modern-day Belgrade, Serbia
Menachem (1989). Marrus, Michael Robert (ed.). The Nazi Holocaust. Part 6: The Victims of the Holocaust, Volume 2. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-096872-9
Banjica_concentration_camp
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
later on 1 November 1942, when all prisoners were transported aboard Holocaust trains to Auschwitz-Birkenau for extermination. In July 1941, Łomża Jews were
Łomża_Ghetto
Monument in Paris
darkest episodes in recent history." According to Peter Carrier, author of Holocaust Monuments and National Memory Cultures in France and Germany Since 1989
Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation
Mémorial_des_Martyrs_de_la_Déportation
Treatment of Jews living outside Europe under Axis occupation in World War II
Assessing the evidence". Holocaust Studies: 1–24. doi:10.1080/17504902.2024.2326262. Gilbert, Martin (1993). Atlas of the Holocaust (1st U.S. ed.). New York:
Jews outside Europe under Axis occupation
Jews_outside_Europe_under_Axis_occupation
Mass killing site in Belarus
the Holocaust in Poland, some 50,000 Jews were murdered at Bronna Góra forest in death pits. The victims were transported there in Holocaust trains from
Bronna_Góra
Holocaust memorial books
memorial books commemorating a Jewish community destroyed during the Holocaust. The books are published by former residents or landsmanshaft societies
Yizkor_books
Concentration camp run by the Ustaše in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II
genocide of the Serbs); others were Romani (the Porajmos), Jews (The Holocaust), and socialists. Jasenovac was a complex of five subcamps spread over
Jasenovac_concentration_camp
1943 photograph of the Warsaw Ghetto
one of the most famous photographs of the Holocaust, and the boy came to represent children in the Holocaust, as well as all Jewish victims. Warsaw is
Warsaw_Ghetto_boy
Period of commemoration in the United States
The Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust (DRVH) is an annual eight-day period designated by the United States Congress for civic commemorations
Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust
Days_of_Remembrance_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust
Fictitious name
vaults by 1942. The valuables were stolen from Holocaust victims before and after transportation by train to Nazi concentration camps. The items were carefully
Max_Heiliger
Genocide of the Romani in Europe during World War II
The Romani Holocaust, also known as the Porajmos, was the genocide of European Roma and Sinti people during World War II. Beginning in 1933, Nazi Germany
Romani_Holocaust
Nazi term referring to areas that are "free/clean of Jews"
origin to designate an area that has been "cleansed" of Jews during the Holocaust. While judenfrei refers merely to "freeing" an area of all of its Jewish
Judenfrei
1978 American television miniseries initially aired on NBC
Holocaust (full title: Holocaust: The Story of the Family Weiss; 1978) is an American television miniseries which aired on NBC over five nights, from April
Holocaust_(miniseries)
This is a selected bibliography and other resources for The Holocaust, including prominent primary sources, historical studies, notable survivor accounts
Bibliography_of_the_Holocaust
Grodno was razed by the Germans with all of its 29,000 Jews deported in Holocaust trains, and exterminated in gas chambers of Auschwitz and Treblinka. At first
Jan_and_Anna_Puchalski
Nazi ghetto in occupied Poland
during the Holocaust. Most of the able-bodied poor were forced to work in German military factories before being transported aboard Holocaust trains to the
Będzin_Ghetto
Concentration camp in Germany
Germany portal German Resistance to Nazism Glossary of Nazi Germany The Holocaust List of books about Nazi Germany List of concentration and internment
Uckermark_concentration_camp
Nazi German police chief and extermination camp commandant (1885–1944)
1885 – 26 May 1944) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and leading Holocaust perpetrator who was one of the primary architects of the program to exterminate
Christian_Wirth
Nazi operation to deport and murder Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto during WWII
"resettlement to the East". From there, they were sent aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains to the extermination camp in Treblinka. The largest number of Warsaw
Grossaktion_Warsaw
February 2015. Holocaust Encyclopedia (20 June 2014). "RAVENSBRÜCK SUBCAMPS". Ravensbrück concentration camp. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Malchow_concentration_camp
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