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Luminosity–temperature relationship in stars
The Hayashi track is a luminosity–temperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less than 3 M☉ in the pre-main-sequence phase (PMS phase) of stellar
Hayashi_track
Value in astrophysics
Hayashi limit. When lower mass stars in the main sequence start expanding and becoming a red giant the stars revisit the Hayashi track. The Hayashi limit
Hayashi_limit
Path taken by pre-main-sequence stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
solar masses in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram after the end of the Hayashi track. The astronomer Louis G. Henyey and his colleagues in the 1950s showed
Henyey_track
Japanese astrophysicist (1920–2010)
Chushiro Hayashi (林 忠四郎, Hayashi Chūshirō; July 25, 1920 – February 28, 2010) was a Japanese astrophysicist. Hayashi tracks on the Hertzsprung–Russell
Chushiro_Hayashi
Class of young variable stars
stars in the process of contracting to the main sequence along the Hayashi track, a luminosity–temperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less
T_Tauri_star
Hypothetical early-universe star with a black hole core
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Quasi-star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List_of_brightest_stars
Topics referred to by the same term
theatre and dance. 4771 Hayashi, a main-belt asteroid Hayashi track, a luminosity-temperature relationship seen in young stars Hayashi rice, a dish consisting
Hayashi_(disambiguation)
Star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence
first move vertically downward along Hayashi tracks as protostars, then leftward and horizontally along Henyey tracks until they finally halt at the main
Pre-main-sequence_star
Light from the stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Starlight
Gravitational process studied in astronomy
The PMS star follows a Hayashi track on the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram. The contraction will proceed until the Hayashi limit is reached, and thereafter
Star_formation
Large self-illuminated object in space
Hayashi track—they contract and decrease in luminosity while remaining at roughly the same temperature. Less massive T Tauri stars follow this track to
Star
Early stage in the process of star formation
picture of protostars, summarized above, was first suggested by Chushiro Hayashi in 1966. In the first models, the size of protostars was greatly overestimated
Protostar
Type of neutron star with beams of radiation
Astrophysics. 338: 521–526. Bibcode:1998A&A...338..521I. Terada, Yukikatsu; Hayashi, Takayuki; Ishida, Manabu; Mukai, Koji; Dotani, Tadayasu; Okada, Shunsaku;
Pulsar
Type of neutron star with a strong magnetic field
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Magnetar
Unit of time
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Galactic_year
Creation of chemical elements within stars
AGB toward bluer colours, then loops back again to what is called the Hayashi track. An important consequence of blue loops is that they give rise to classical
Stellar_nucleosynthesis
Japanese terrorist
the Tokyo subway. Prior to joining Aum, Hayashi was a senior medical doctor with "an active 'front-line' track record" at the Japanese Ministry of Science
Ikuo_Hayashi
Subfield of astronomy
clusters. Stellar evolution – process by which a star changes over time. Hayashi track – Cooling path of pre-main-sequence stars on HR diagram. Applegate mechanism
Outline_of_astrophysics
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List_of_most_distant_stars
Region of a star
below 0.35 solar masses, as well as pre-main sequence stars on the Hayashi track, are convective throughout and do not contain a radiation zone. In main
Convection_zone
Hypothetical type of neutron star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Blitzar
Scatter plot of stars showing the relationship of luminosity to stellar classification
brightness and mass of large star systems Hayashi track – Luminosity–temperature relationship in stars Henyey track – Path taken by pre-main-sequence stars
Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram
Curve on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram representing stars of a particular age
are born cold but extremely luminous. They contract and dim along the Hayashi track, decreasing in luminosity but staying at roughly the same temperature
Stellar_isochrone
Hypothesized alternative to a black hole
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Gravastar
Light emitted by the Sun
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Sunlight
Theoretical stellar remnant
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Black_dwarf
Star's outer shell from which light is radiated
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Photosphere
Stellar classification
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
G-type_main-sequence_star
Visible star that is nearly aligned with Earth's axis of rotation
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Pole_star
Small number of stars that orbit each other
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Star_system
Heterogeneous class of stars with unusual spectra
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Wolf–Rayet_star
Pattern of stars recognized on Earth's night sky
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Asterism_(astronomy)
Type of large cool star
Very-high-mass stars develop into supergiants that follow an evolutionary track that takes them back and forth horizontally over the H–R diagram, at the
Red_giant
List of the hottest known stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List_of_hottest_stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Lists_of_stars
Stars with a supergiant luminosity class with a spectral type of K or M
upper limit to the radius of a red supergiant at around 1,500 R☉. In the Hayashi limit, stars above this radius would be too unstable and simply do not
Red_supergiant
Gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Protoplanetary_disk
Outermost layer of a star's atmosphere
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Stellar_corona
Brightness of a celestial object observed from the Earth
Quynh; Herczeg, Gregory J.; Dearborn, David S. P. (2017). "Evolutionary Tracks for Betelgeuse". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 7. arXiv:1406.3143
Apparent_magnitude
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List_of_white_dwarfs
Changes to stars over their lifespans
yielding a table of data that can be used to determine the evolutionary track of the star across the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, along with other evolving
Stellar_evolution
Continuous band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness
evolutionary track. A track known as the zero age main sequence (ZAMS) is where stars of different masses begin their main sequence lives, while a track known
Main_sequence
1979 song by Miki Matsubara
Tokyo and performed in clubs in the city. Tetsuji Hayashi, the composer of the song, created a track that followed the emerging "new music" style that
Mayonaka_no_Door
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List of stars with resolved images
List_of_stars_with_resolved_images
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List_of_Arabic_star_names
Black hole formed by a collapsed star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Stellar_black_hole
Type of luminous supergiant star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Post-AGB_star
Grouping of evolved cool luminous stars
the star to expand and cool. The star becomes a red giant, following a track towards the upper-right hand corner of the HR diagram. Eventually, once
Asymptotic_giant_branch
Stellar classification
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
K-type_main-sequence_star
Star types predicted by theory
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Hypothetical_star
Dim, low mass stars on the main sequence
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Red_dwarf
Type of star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Strange_star
Stellar classification
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
O-type_star
Type of cool giant star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
S-type_star
Main sequence star that is more luminous and bluer than expected
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Blue_straggler
Object with escape velocity exceeding the speed of light
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)
Dark_star_(Newtonian_mechanics)
Nagoya. There were a total of 50 medal events across three distinct sets: track and field, road running, and racewalking. The schedule is as follows: * Host
Athletics at the 2026 Asian Games
Athletics_at_the_2026_Asian_Games
Isolated, small, and opaque nebula
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Bok_globule
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
List of star systems within 20–25 light-years
List_of_star_systems_within_20–25_light-years
Star of relatively small size and low luminosity
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Dwarf_star
Type of interstellar cloud
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Molecular_cloud
Star not gravitationally bound to any galaxy
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Intergalactic_star
Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Accretion_disk
Central region of the Sun
Turck-Chièze, Sylvaine; Jiménez-Reyes, Sebastian J.; et al. (15 June 2007). "Tracking Solar Gravity Modes: The Dynamics of the Solar Core". Science. 316 (5831):
Solar_core
Portion of the giant branch before helium ignition
Dowler, Patrick D. (2006). "The Victoria-Regina Stellar Models: Evolutionary Tracks and Isochrones for a Wide Range in Mass and Metallicity that Allow for Empirically
Red-giant_branch
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Planetary_nebula
Galaxies within 3.8 megaparsecs of the Solar System
Tanaka, Masayuki; Okamoto, Sakurako; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N; Hayashi, Kohei; Arimoto, Nobuo; Lupton, Robert H; Strauss, Michael A; Miyazaki
List_of_nearest_galaxies
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Stellar_population
Astrophysical limit on radiation from stars
unsuccessful. The H–D limit for cool supergiants is placed at around 320,000 L☉. Hayashi limit List of most massive stars M82 X-1 M82 X-2 Rybicki, George B.; Lightman
Eddington_luminosity
Type of stellar collision
understood. Later that year, the Zwicky Transient Facility joined the tracking network for follow-up observations triggered by gravitational wave events
Neutron_star_merger
Astronomical object without the mass to sustain hydrogen fusion
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Substellar_object
Classification in astronomy
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Compact_object
Process of energy release of a contracting star or planet
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Kelvin–Helmholtz_mechanism
Hypothetical class of star that develops from a red dwarf
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)
British singer
Terreberry. On 7 August 2025, Hudson started voicing the lead singer of the Hayashi (stylized as HAYASii), a fictional rock band, in the anime Dandadan, and
Marc_Hudson
Measure of the luminosity of celestial objects
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Absolute_magnitude
Astronomical category of stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Iron_star
Region of a star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Radiative_zone
Main-sequence star of spectral type O
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
O-type_main-sequence_star
Common gas atmosphere of a binary star system
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Common_envelope
Boundary between solar corona and wind
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Alfvén_surface
Japanese composer and musician (born 1949)
Tetsuji Hayashi (林 哲司, Hayashi Tetsuji; born August 20, 1949) is a Japanese composer, singer-songwriter, and arranger known for his influential contributions
Tetsuji_Hayashi
Rare star with tremendous luminosity and high rates of mass loss by stellar winds
different initial conditions, stars at different stages of an evolutionary track, or is just an artifact of our observations. Astrophysical models explaining
Hypergiant
Physical phenomenon of stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Stellar_mass_loss
Hypothetical gravitational object composed of matter
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Black star (semiclassical gravity)
Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)
Small patches of nebulosity associated with newly born stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Herbig–Haro_object
Hot, giant star of early spectral type
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Blue_giant
B-type star with emission lines
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Be_star
Set of non-stellar objects in orbit around a star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Planetary_system
Study of oscillations in stars
in 1999. A failed large infrared telescope, the two-inch aperture star tracker was used for more than a decade as a bright-star asteroseismology instrument
Asteroseismology
Type of star larger than main-sequence but smaller than a giant
evolutionary tracks can be plotted on an H–R diagram. For a particular mass, these trace the position of a star throughout its life, and show a track from the
Subgiant
Stars that host planetary systems
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Planet-hosting_star
reasonable stellar interior temperatures 1961 — Chūshirō Hayashi publishes his work on the Hayashi track of fully convective stars 1963 — Fred Hoyle and William
Timeline_of_stellar_astronomy
Class of massive star with a spectral type of A to K
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Yellow_hypergiant
Hypothetical types of stars
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Exotic_star
Hypothetical object that potentially explains accelerating universal expansion
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Dark-energy_star
Star whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Carbon_star
Dust ring surrounding large stars thousands of solar radii wide
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Proplyd
Flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star
Protostar Pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be T Tauri Herbig–Haro object Hayashi track Henyey track Evolution Main sequence Red-giant branch Horizontal branch Red
Stellar_wind
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