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American scientist and political activist (1885–1972)
Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was an American astronomer, who served as head of the Harvard College Observatory from 1921–1952,
Harlow_Shapley
1920 debate between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis on whether there were other galaxies
called the Shapley–Curtis Debate, was held on 26 April 1920 at the U.S. National Museum in Washington, D.C. between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber
Great_Debate_(astronomy)
Discredited cosmological model, early 20th Century
19th century, was overthrown by astronomer Harlow Shapley's work on globular clusters in 1918. Shapley's research marked the transition from heliocentrism
Galactocentrism
American mathematician (1923–2016)
" Lloyd Shapley was born on June 2, 1923, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the sons of astronomers Harlow Shapley and Martha Betz Shapley, both from
Lloyd_Shapley
Supercluster in the constellation Centaurus
nearby superclusters that are moving towards the structure. In 1930, Harlow Shapley and his colleagues at the Harvard College Observatory started a survey
Shapley_Supercluster
Name list
1950), American historian Harlow Rothert (1908–1997), American athlete Harlow Shapley (1885–1972), American astronomer Harlow Giles Unger (1931–2025),
Harlow_(given_name)
Topics referred to by the same term
Harbor Harlow Shapley (1885–1972), American astronomer, married to Martha Martha Betz Shapley (1890–1981), American astronomer, married to Harlow Mildred
Shapley
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
center of the Milky Way galaxy, and that Sirius might be the star. Harlow Shapley stated in 1918 that the halo of globular clusters surrounding the Milky
Galactic_Center
1964 film by John Hubley
John Hubley, based on the 1959 book of the same title by astronomer Harlow Shapley, who also narrates. It was produced by Hubley and Faith Hubley and has
Of_Stars_and_Men
Classification system of globular clusters
scale. This became known as the Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class. Hogg, Helen Battles Sawyer (October 1965). "Harlow Shapley and Globular Clusters". Publications
Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class
Shapley–Sawyer_Concentration_Class
American astronomer
she left the program to marry Harlow Shapley, an astronomer who had been a fellow student with her in Missouri. Shapley moved with her husband to the
Martha_Betz_Shapley
American civil servant
Apollo program. Shapley was born March 2, 1917, in Pasadena, California. His parents were astronomers Harlow Shapley and Martha Betz Shapley. He attended
Willis_Shapley
Crater on the Moon
Shapley is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of Mare Crisium. It was named after American astronomer Harlow Shapley. It was previously
Shapley_(crater)
British-American astronomer (1900–1979)
Comrie, then a PhD student at Cambridge University, introduced her to Harlow Shapley, the director of the Harvard College Observatory, after a lecture in
Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin
American astronomer
described as "the world's greatest non-professional astronomer" by Harlow Shapley. Leslie Copus Peltier was born in Delphos, Ohio. Delphos is located
Leslie_Peltier
Galaxy containing the Solar System
the universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Doust Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble in 1923 showed
Milky_Way
Planetary nebula in the constellation Norma
system whose orbit is perpendicular to Earth. Discovered in 1936 by Harlow Shapley, it is approximately 4900 light years from Earth, and is around 8700
Shapley_1
American professional organization of astronomers
(1934–1937) Robert Grant Aitken (1937–1940) Joel Stebbins (1940–1943) Harlow Shapley (1943–1946) Otto Struve (1946–1949) Alfred Harrison Joy (1949–1952)
American_Astronomical_Society
American nuclear physicist (born 1939)
1939, to Mildred and Ralph Matthews and is the eldest granddaughter of Harlow Shapley. Matthews completed her undergraduate degree in Physics at Carleton
June_Lorraine_Matthews
Belgian scientist and Catholic priest (1894–1966)
Cambridge in 1923–1924, and to the United States, where he worked with Harlow Shapley at the Harvard College Observatory and at the Massachusetts Institute
Georges_Lemaître
Spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis
Local Group, but it was later determined not to be a member. In 1935, Harlow Shapley found that it was wider than the full moon, and by angular size the
IC_342
American advocacy association
McManus, William Morris, Alonzo F. Myers, John P. Peters, Paul Robeson, Harlow Shapley, Herman Shumlin, Carl Van Doren Other sources: National: Executive chair:
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions
Independent_Citizens_Committee_of_the_Arts,_Sciences_and_Professions
Catalog of galaxies
observations of 1249 objects brighter than 13.2 magnitude. It was compiled by Harlow Shapley and Adelaide Ames. They identified 1189 objects based on the New General
Shapley-Ames_Catalog
System of stars and interstellar matter
Milky Way. For this reason they were popularly called island universes. Harlow Shapley began to advocate for the term "galaxy" and against using "universes"
Galaxy
Local supercluster home to the Milky Way
Supergalaxy" in 1953, which he changed to "Local Supercluster" (LSC) in 1958. Harlow Shapley, in his 1959 book Of Stars and Men, suggested the term Metagalaxy. Debate
Virgo_Supercluster
1920 poem written by Robert Frost
Arts" presentation, the prominent astronomer Harlow Shapley claims to have inspired "Fire and Ice". Shapley describes an encounter he had with Frost a year
Fire_and_Ice_(poem)
Not-for-profit research organization
Society (AAS) to bring astronomy researchers to community colleges. The Harlow Shapley Visiting Lecture program, which dates back to the 1950's, provides support
SETI_Institute
Book editor and writer known for astronomy books
daughter of astronomers Harlow Shapley and Martha Betz Shapley; her father named the asteroid 878 Mildred for her. Mildred Shapley, one of five siblings
Mildred_Shapley_Matthews
Superclusters in the constellation Hercules
Supercluster, helping make up part of the CfA2 Great Wall. In the 1930s, Harlow Shapley studied the structure of the distribution of galaxies in the constellation
Hercules_Superclusters
Supercluster in the constellations Horologium and Eridanus
Horologium Supercluster was in 1899; Harlow Shapley noticed it in 1935. The first attempt to study the supercluster after Shapley was in 1983. The Horologium-Reticulum
Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster
Horologium-Reticulum_Supercluster
Italian astrophysicist and climate scientist
Top 50 Women in Computer Science 2021 American Astronomical Society Harlow Shapley Visiting Lecturer 2021 "Tecnovisionarie" Italian Women in AI Viviana
Viviana_Acquaviva
US honorary society and policy research center
Parker 1935–1937 Roscoe Pound 1937–1939 Dugald C. Jackson 1939–1944 Harlow Shapley 1944–1951 Howard Mumford Jones 1951–1954 Edwin Herbert Land 1954–1957
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences
Astronomical principle
distance to any Cepheid could then be determined. The relation was used by Harlow Shapley in 1918 to investigate the distances of globular clusters and the absolute
Period-luminosity_relation
Type of variable star that pulsates radially
binary system. However, in 1914, Harlow Shapley demonstrated that this idea should be abandoned. Two years later, Shapley and others had discovered that
Cepheid_variable
Dwarf spheroidal Galaxy in the constellation Sculptor
constellation Sculptor. It was discovered in 1937 by American astronomer Harlow Shapley using the 24-inch Bruce refractor at Boyden Observatory. The galaxy
Sculptor_Dwarf_Galaxy
Head of international nonprofit organization
Anton J. Carlson 1945: James B. Conant 1946: C. F. Kettering 1947: Harlow Shapley 1948: Edmund Ware Sinnott 1949: Elvin C. Stakman 1950: Roger Adams 1951:
President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
President_of_the_American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science
Spherical collection of stars
Second Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (1789). In 1914, Harlow Shapley began a series of studies of globular clusters, published across about
Globular_cluster
American actor (1905–1994)
visit FDR at the White House (October 1944). From left: Van Wyck Brooks, Hannah Dorner, Jo Davidson, Jan Kiepura, Cotten, Dorothy Gish, Dr. Harlow Shapley
Joseph_Cotten
American astronomer (1900–1932)
National Cemetery. In 1921, Harlow Shapley became director of HCO, and soon afterward hired Ames as an assistant. Ames was Shapley's first graduate student
Adelaide_Ames
1950 book by Immanuel Velikovsky
the publication of the book, partially by his writing to astronomer Harlow Shapley of Harvard, partially through his 1946 pamphlet Cosmos Without Gravitation
Worlds_in_Collision
American physician (1777–1867)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
James_Jackson_(physician)
Estimate of extraterrestrial civilizations
[citation needed] Two months later, Harvard University astronomy professor Harlow Shapley speculated on the number of inhabited planets in the universe, saying
Drake_equation
American astronomer (1889–1953)
establishment of the time, in particular by Harvard University–based Harlow Shapley. Despite the opposition, Hubble had his findings published in The New
Edwin_Hubble
American solar astronomer (1868–1938)
the Hale Solar Laboratory. At Mount Wilson, he hired and encouraged Harlow Shapley and Edwin Hubble toward some of the most significant discoveries of
George_Ellery_Hale
American geologist
Lark-Horovitz, Walter Richard Miles, Elvin Charles Stakman, sitting: Anton Julius Carlson, Kirtley Fletcher Mather, Forest Ray Moulton, Harlow Shapley.
Kirtley_F._Mather
Dwarf galaxy in the constellation Fornax
elliptical galaxy in the constellation Fornax that was discovered in 1938 by Harlow Shapley. He discovered it while he was in South Africa on photographic plates
Fornax_Dwarf
Award for contribution to astronomy
foundation of modern stellar astrophysics. Other recipients include Harlow Shapley (1939), who measured the size of the Milky Way and located the solar
Bruce_Medal
research. The idea for the lectureship came from then society President Harlow Shapley in 1945, who led the fund raising drive to collect $10,000 from the
Henry Norris Russell Lectureship
Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship
American film director, producer, and screenwriter (1914–1977)
Harlow Shapley dated June 24, 1959. Collection of the Harvard University Library. Accessed digitally August 13, 2022. Letter from Dr. Harlow Shapley to
John_Hubley
Globular cluster in the constellation Fornax
October 19, 1835, while the parent galaxy was discovered in 1938 by Harlow Shapley. "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 1049. Retrieved 2006-11-17
NGC_1049
Star system in the constellation of Indus
They derived a parallax estimate of 0.22 ± 0.03 arcseconds. In 1923, Harlow Shapley of the Harvard Observatory derived a parallax of 0.45 arcseconds. In
Epsilon_Indi
Elliptical globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
one of the first globular clusters to be carefully studied – first by Harlow Shapley in 1930. He placed within it roughly 70,000 stars and found it had a
Messier_22
Nearest star to the Solar System
(333,000 km), or approximately 0.24 R☉. In 1951, American astronomer Harlow Shapley announced that Proxima Centauri is a flare star. Examination of past
Proxima_Centauri
Canadian astronomer
he started a systematic study of meteor spectra at the suggestion of Harlow Shapley in 1929. He continued the work on meteors throughout his active scientific
Peter_Millman
American physician, geologist and paleontologist
Julius Carlson (1944) James B. Conant (1945) Charles F. Kettering (1946) Harlow Shapley (1947) Edmund Ware Sinnott (1948) Elvin Stakman (1949) Roger Adams (1950)
John_Strong_Newberry
American philosopher (1882–1974)
Press. ISBN 0-226-29320-3. Chap. 8, Two Men of Science, p. 175, namely Harlow Shapley and Kallen. "Oppose Teachers' Oath". New York Times. 9 April 1933. p
Horace_Kallen
Globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus
the cluster. The first to estimate the distance to the cluster was Harlow Shapley, although his derivation of 33,000 light years was much further than
Messier_10
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Howard_Mumford_Jones
International committee
Call. Other advocates include Edward Condon, Edris Rice-Wray Carson, Harlow Shapley, Jean Orcel, Priyadaranjan Ray, René Dumont, Wilder Penfield, Brock
World Constitution Coordinating Committee
World_Constitution_Coordinating_Committee
Calendar year
History. Retrieved July 19, 2026. "Dr. Harlow Shapley Dies at 86. Dean of American Astronomers. Dr. Harlow Shapley, Dean of American Astronomers, Dies at
1972
President of the United States from 1825 to 1829
Graff, ed. The Presidents: A Reference History (3rd ed. 2002) online Unger, Harlow Giles (2012). John Quincy Adams. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-82130-1.
John_Quincy_Adams
Belgian-American astronomer
in their Wisdom program, talking with Harlow Shapley in the episode "A Conversation with Dr. Harlow Shapley". She also contributed to the popularization
Simone_Daro_Gossner
Founding Father, U.S. president 1797 to 1801
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
John_Adams
British TV science programme (since 1957)
astronomers have appeared on the show through the years, including Harlow Shapley (the first to measure the size of the Milky Way galaxy), Fred Hoyle
The_Sky_at_Night
American astronomer
1936. His thesis was "Studies of the External Galaxies", supervised by Harlow Shapley. The thesis dealt with colors and magnitudes of galaxies. In 1935 Seyfert
Carl_K._Seyfert
American politician (1918–2010)
Julius Carlson (1944) James B. Conant (1945) Charles F. Kettering (1946) Harlow Shapley (1947) Edmund Ware Sinnott (1948) Elvin Stakman (1949) Roger Adams (1950)
Emilio_Daddario
LGQ to be discovered with lasers and rays. Shapley Supercluster 400,000,000 First identified by Harlow Shapley as a cloud of galaxies in 1930, it was not
List of largest cosmic structures
List_of_largest_cosmic_structures
American academic (1820–1870)
Julius Carlson (1944) James B. Conant (1945) Charles F. Kettering (1946) Harlow Shapley (1947) Edmund Ware Sinnott (1948) Elvin Stakman (1949) Roger Adams (1950)
William_Chauvenet
British historian of science (1930–2021)
1177/0021828615608791. ISSN 0021-8286. Hoskin, Michael (August 2016). "Harlow Shapley: The Making of an Observatory Director". Journal for the History of
Michael_Hoskin
physicist, laser pioneer, and founder of International Laser Systems Harlow Shapley (AB 1910, AM 1911), astronomer; used RR Lyrae stars to correctly estimate
List of University of Missouri alumni
List_of_University_of_Missouri_alumni
Collection of astronomical glass negatives
meeting in the Shannon Airport with Harvard College Observatory director, Harlow Shapley, and Irish President (Taoiseach), Éamon de Valera led to the idea and
Harvard_Plate_Stacks
Globular cluster in the constellation Aquarius
called it a bright "cluster of stars of a round figure". Astronomer Harlow Shapley noted a similarity to Messier 4 and 12. It is visible in a good night
Messier_72
American linguist
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
John_Pickering_(linguist)
1925 US legal case in Tennessee
Mather, "Creation and Evolution", in Science Ponders Religion, ed. Harlow Shapley (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1960), pp. 32–45. Scopes, John Thomas
Scopes_trial
American astronomer (1854–1931)
the death of Edward Charles Pickering and prior to the appointment of Harlow Shapley. He worked as a senior colleague with Henrietta Leavitt. He was elected
Solon_Irving_Bailey
American literary scholar (born 1929)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Patricia_Meyer_Spacks
American academic and nonprofit executive (born 1943)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Jonathan_Fanton
American academic (born 1961)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Laurie_L._Patton
1902 Graduate Astronomer who participated in the "Great Debate" with Harlow Shapley, 1920 Patrick G. Forrester 1989 Graduate NASA astronaut Matthew P. Hardy
List of University of Virginia people
List_of_University_of_Virginia_people
List from the Alphabet Direction (αβ)
(planetary nebulae) Sp — Giovanni Schiaparelli (double stars) Sp — Harlow Shapley (planetary nebulae) Spano — (telescopic asterisms) SPF2 — Second Cat
List of astronomical catalogues
List_of_astronomical_catalogues
Ostwald on the existence of atoms. 1920 Great Debate (astronomy) between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis on the scale of spiral nebulae and the Universe. 1920
List_of_scientific_debates
Russian-American writer and catastrophist
to academic libraries and scientists, including Harvard astronomer Harlow Shapley in 1947. In 1950, after eight publishing houses rejected the Worlds
Immanuel_Velikovsky
German-British astronomer and composer (1738–1822)
view was eventually replaced by galactocentrism due to the work of Harlow Shapley, Heber Doust Curtis and Edwin Hubble in the 20th century. All three
William_Herschel
American classical philologist
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
William_Watson_Goodwin
American-British television producer (1911–1984)
the White House (October 1944). From left: Van Wyck Brooks, Hannah Weinstein, Jo Davidson, Jan Kiepura, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Gish, Dr. Harlow Shapley
Hannah_Weinstein
American military official and politician (1910–1990)
Progressive Citizens of America members, 1947. (Seated, L-R): Henry A. Wallace and Elliott Roosevelt (Standing, L-R): Dr. Harlow Shapley and Jo Davidson.
Elliott_Roosevelt_(general)
Two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
SMC by Henrietta Leavitt. Recalibration of the Cepheid scales allowed Harlow Shapley to refine the measurement, and these were again revised in 1952 following
Magellanic_Clouds
American archaeologist and businessman (1842–1921)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Charles_Pickering_Bowditch
Main-belt asteroid
re-discovered in 1991 by Gareth V. Williams. It is named after Mildred Shapley Matthews. By comparing the asteroid's perceived brightness and the then
878_Mildred
American statistician (1916–2006)
Julius Carlson (1944) James B. Conant (1945) Charles F. Kettering (1946) Harlow Shapley (1947) Edmund Ware Sinnott (1948) Elvin Stakman (1949) Roger Adams (1950)
Frederick_Mosteller
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
cometary object." In that same article, Harvard Observatory director Harlow Shapley wrote that Pluto was a "member of the Solar System not comparable with
Planets_beyond_Neptune
American electrical engineer (1865–1951)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Dugald_C._Jackson
in Rome in 1952: Contributions by David Thackeray, Walter Baade and Harlow Shapley". South African Journal of Science. 116. doi:10.17159/sajs.2020/6363
List of estimates of the age of the universe
List_of_estimates_of_the_age_of_the_universe
American astronomer (1877–1957)
University Doctoral advisor Charles Augustus Young Doctoral students Harlow Shapley (1913) Donald Howard Menzel (1924) Lyman Spitzer (1938) Frank Bradshaw
Henry_Norris_Russell
American physician (1728–1829)
(1933–1935) Roscoe Pound (1935–1937) Dugald C. Jackson (1937–1939) Harlow Shapley (1939–1944) Howard Mumford Jones (1944–1951) Edwin H. Land (1951–1954)
Edward_Augustus_Holyoke
Southgate Shaler (1841–1906) WGPSN Shapley 9°21′N 56°50′E / 9.35°N 56.83°E / 9.35; 56.83 (Shapley) 24.82 1973 Harlow Shapley (1885–1972) WGPSN Sharonov 12°22′N
List of craters on the Moon: R–S
List_of_craters_on_the_Moon:_R–S
Indian-American astrophysicist (1910–1995)
Chandrasekhar was invited by the director of the Harvard Observatory, Harlow Shapley, to be a visiting lecturer in theoretical astrophysics for a three-month
Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar
American astronomer (1868–1921)
the American Association of Variable Star Observers. In 1921, when Harlow Shapley took over as director of the observatory, Leavitt was made head of stellar
Henrietta_Swan_Leavitt
American sculptor (1883–1952)
the White House (October 1944). From left, Van Wyck Brooks, Hannah Dorner, Jo Davidson, Jan Kiepura, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Gish, Dr. Harlow Shapley.
Jo_Davidson
American physicist (born 1946)
Julius Carlson (1944) James B. Conant (1945) Charles F. Kettering (1946) Harlow Shapley (1947) Edmund Ware Sinnott (1948) Elvin Stakman (1949) Roger Adams (1950)
Shirley_Ann_Jackson
travel, tourism, insurance
HARLOW SHAPLEY
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