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Extinct genus of jawless fishes
segments (myomeres) having a more acute shape in Haikouichthys. Conversely, specimens of Haikouichthys, Myllokunmingia and Zhongjianichthys were suggested
Haikouichthys
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
carried by Haikouichthys but it is smaller. Moreover, the eyes are located posteriorly to the antero-dorsal lobe relative to Haikouichthys. It also had
Zhongjianichthys
Extinct family of jawless fishes
shape in Haikouichthys. However, in 2012, Conway Morris and Caron raise the possibility of Zhongjianichthys being synonymous with Haikouichthys on the basis
Myllokunmingiidae
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
what is now the Yunnan Province of China. It was discovered alongside Haikouichthys, another genus of primitive jawless fish, in 1999 and is considered
Myllokunmingia
Subphylum of chordates
Chengjiang biota and lived about 518 million years ago. These include Haikouichthys, Myllokunmingia, Zhongjianichthys, and probably Yunnanozoon. Unlike
Vertebrate
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
animals with a notochord and eyes at the front of the body, such as Haikouichthys, appear in the fossil record. During the late Cambrian, other jawless
Fish
Phylum of animals having a dorsal nerve cord
possibly eyes—although it also had short tentacles round its mouth. Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia, also from the Chengjiang fauna, are regarded as
Chordate
Superphylum of bilateral animals
as Helicoplacus. Two other Cambrian Stage 3 (521-514 mya) species, Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia from the Chengjiang biota, are the earliest body
Deuterostome
Extinct genus of chordates
possible cephalochordate Cathaymyrus and the two known vertebrates Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia, Zhongxiniscus resembles Cathaymyrus in having S-shaped
Zhongxiniscus
Origin and diversification of fish through geologic time
lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts
Evolution_of_fish
(January 2003). "Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys". Nature. 421 (6922): 526–529. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..526S. doi:10.1038/nature01264
Lists_of_prehistoric_fish
Class of ray-finned bony fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Actinopterygii
Extinct group of animals that lived between 485 and 538 million years ago
intermediate form between Cathaymyrus and two vertebrates Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia. Haikouichthys ercaicunensis looks like Myllokunmingia with which
Cambrian_chordates
Paraphyletic infraphylum of fish
gills are known from the early Cambrian Maotianshan shales of China: Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia. They have been tentatively assigned to Agnatha by
Agnatha
Extinct genus of chordates
considering its placement within Chordata uncertain. Maotianshan shales Haikouichthys Myllokunmingia Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J
Cathaymyrus
First geological period of the Paleozoic Era
Haikouichthys is an extinct fish-like craniate that lived in what is now China approximately 518 million ago
Cambrian
(January 2003). "Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys". Nature. 421 (6922): 526–529. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..526S. doi:10.1038/nature01264
Timeline_of_human_evolution
Class of eel-shaped, slime-producing animal
†Haikouella †Haikouichthys †Myllokunmingia †Metaspriggina Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed fish) †Anaspida †Cornovichthys †Achanarella †Ciderius †Birkeniida
Hagfish
Flexible rod-shaped structure in all chordates
notochords are present in several basal chordates such as Haikouella, Haikouichthys, and Myllokunmingia, all from the Cambrian. The Ordovician oceans included
Notochord
Subclass of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Elasmobranchii
Infraphylum of vertebrates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Gnathostomata
Diverse clade of vertebrate animals
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Osteichthyes
Superclass of jawless fishes
†Haikouella †Haikouichthys †Myllokunmingia †Metaspriggina Vertebrata Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) †Anaspida †Cornovichthys †Achanarella †Ciderius
Cyclostomi
Period of major evolutionary diversification of animal life
Haikouichthys is considered one of the earliest known fish, or fish-like vertebrates
Cambrian_explosion
Organ central to the nervous system
et al. (2003). "Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys". Nature. 421 (6922): 526–529. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..526S. doi:10.1038/nature01264
Brain
Genus of fishes
divided into a part that works refractor and a part that works reflector Haikouichthys, an extinct genus of four-eyed craniate that lived 518 million years
Four-eyed_fish
Records of Earth's development
seemingly quite different from modern life; examples are Anomalocaris and Haikouichthys. More recently, however, these seem to have found a place in modern
History_of_Earth
Family of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Snailfish
Class of lobe-finned fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Coelacanth
Clade of lobe-finned fish
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Sarcopterygii
Series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation in China
primitive agnathid (i.e., jawless fish). Similar to Myllokunmingia is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, another primitive fish-like animal. A wide range of affinities
Maotianshan_Shales
Cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Chimaera
Division or infraclass of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Teleost
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Placoderm
Endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates
respectively. In support of this explanation, the fossil vertebrate Haikouichthys seems to have possessed four eyes. During embryonic development, the
Pineal_gland
Portion of the cranium that is derived from pharyngeal arches
well as respiration. Haikouichthys, among the earliest known vertebrates, is thought to have been similar. However, Haikouichthys is believed to have had
Splanchnocranium
Clade of vertebrates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Rhipidistia
Extinct order of chondrichthyans
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Hybodontiformes
Group of cartilaginous fish
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Holocephali
Subphylum of chordates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Lancelet
explosion, the Chengjiang fossils Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia appear to be true vertebrates, and Haikouichthys had distinct vertebrae, which may
History_of_life
2005 British television documentary series
strange early arthropods, such as the super-predator Anomalocaris, and Haikouichthys, described as the first vertebrate. In the subsequent Silurian segment
Walking_with_Monsters
Extinct agnathan chordates resembling eels
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Conodont
Examples: Ichthyosauria ('fish lizard'); Leedsichthys ('fish from Leeds'); Haikouichthys ('fish from Haikou'); Ichthyostega ('fish roof'); Osteichthyes ('bony
List of commonly used taxonomic affixes
List_of_commonly_used_taxonomic_affixes
Haikouichthys, a jawless fish, is popularized as one of the earliest fishes and probably a basal chordate or a basal craniate.
Timeline_of_life
Extinct genus of primitive chordates
The presence of earlier chordates among the Chengjiang, including Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia, appears to show that cuticle is not necessary for
Pikaia
of chordates including Haikouella, Yunnanozoon and early fish like Haikouichthys. c. 514 Ma – Paradoxides trilobites appear, the largest members of the
Timeline_of_Earth
Group of extinct jawless vertebrates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Anaspida
Cambrian fossil chordate
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Yunnanozoon
camera-type eyes capable of image formation is reported in 6 specimens of Haikouichthys and 4 specimens of indeterminate myllokunmingids by Lei et al. (2026)
2026_in_paleoichthyology
Sedimentary deposit with well-preserved extraordinary fossils
Haikouichthys, a primitive craniate
Lagerstätte
Class of jawed cartilaginous fish
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Chondrichthyes
Extinct group of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Eugeneodontiformes
Armored jawless fish of the Paleozoic
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Ostracoderm
Subclass of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Neopterygii
Subclass of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Chondrostei
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
relatives, Myllokunmingia, Yunnanozoon, Haikouella lanceolata, and Haikouichthys. Some of the reasons for the incompleteness of fossil records are: In
Evidence_of_common_descent
Extinct class of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Pteraspidomorpha
Fossilized fauna of Burgess shale
species include Myllokunmingia, possibly a very primitive agnathid and Haikouichthys, which may be related to lampreys. Yunnanozoon may be the oldest-known
Burgess_Shale-type_fauna
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
List_of_prehistoric_cartilaginous_fish_genera
Class of chordates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Galeaspida
Extinct order of cartilaginous fish
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Iniopterygiformes
Extinct class of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Osteostraci
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Ctenacanthiformes
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Petalodontiformes
Biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium
et al. (2003). "Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys". Nature. 421 (6922): 526–529. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..526S. doi:10.1038/nature01264
Aquatic_locomotion
Extinct clade of conodonts
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Prioniodontida
Extinct paraphyletic class of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Acanthodii
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Xenacanthiformes
Clade of ray-finned fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Cladistia
Haikouichthys, a primitive craniate
List_of_lagerstätten
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also †Haikouichthys †Haikouella †Hardistiella †Helenolepis †Hemicyclaspis †Hindeodus †Homaspidella
List of prehistoric jawless fish genera
List_of_prehistoric_jawless_fish_genera
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
List of prehistoric bony fish genera
List_of_prehistoric_bony_fish_genera
Extinct order of bony fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Onychodontiformes
Evolution of fish
(January 2003). "Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys". Nature. 421 (6922): 526–529. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..526S. doi:10.1038/nature01264
Timeline_of_fish_evolution
Extinct group of elasmobranchs
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Phoebodontiformes
Extinct class of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Thelodonti
Extinct order of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Palaeoniscoid
Extinct class of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Cephalaspidomorphi
Extinct order of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Pycnodontiformes
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Diplacanthiformes
Reconstruction of Haikouichthys
Paleobiota of the Maotianshan Shales
Paleobiota_of_the_Maotianshan_Shales
Extinct order of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Acanthodiformes
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Symmoriiformes
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Drepanaspis
Extinct family of jawless fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Pituriaspida
Extinct genus of fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Stensioella
Extinct order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Ischnacanthiformes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
List_of_placoderm_genera
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
List_of_acanthodian_genera
Extinct order of chordates
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Paraconodontida
Genus of Conodont
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Promissum
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
List_of_sarcopterygian_genera
Extinct paraphyletic order of cartilaginous fishes
†Cathaymyrus Lancelet Olfactores †Haikouella Tunicate †Myllokunmingiidae? (†Haikouichthys, †Myllokunmingia) †Zhongxiniscus? Jawless fish Cyclostomata Hagfish
Climatiiformes
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