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First ISO standard for low-level computer graphics
The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) is a 2D computer graphics system using vector graphics, introduced in 1977. It was suitable for making line and bar charts
Graphical_Kernel_System
Core of a computer operating system
kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is
Kernel_(operating_system)
Image file format family
implementation was effectively a streamed representation of a sequence of Graphical Kernel System (GKS) primitive operations. It has been adopted to some extent
Computer_Graphics_Metafile
API standard for rendering 3D computer graphics, commonly used in the 1980s–early 1990s
designed in the 1980s, inheriting many of its ideas from the 2D Graphical Kernel System (GKS) of the late 1970s, and became a standard by 1988: ANSI (ANSI
PHIGS
Software that manages separately different parts of display screens
windowing system (or window system) is a software suite that manages separately different parts of display screens. It is a type of graphical user interface
Windowing_system
Polygon viewing region in computer graphics
expressing viewports; it appears for example in the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) and later systems inspired from it. In 3D computer graphics, the viewport
Viewport
Topics referred to by the same term
Computer Graphics Interface, the low-level interface between the Graphical Kernel System and hardware Common Gateway Interface, a standard for dynamic generation
CGI
Computer operating system
Retrieved on July 17, 2013. "Software Product Description VSI Graphical Kernel System" (PDF). VSI. 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2021. "Software Product
OpenVMS
Distributed operating system
framework as kernel mode. The OpenHarmony-based operating system shares lineage with the lightweight LiteOS real-time operating system for resource-constrained
HarmonyOS_5
Direct interface to an operating system
operating system. Most shells are command-line interface (CLI) programs. Some graphical user interfaces (GUI) also include shells. Operating systems provide
Shell_(computing)
High-level programming language first released in 1980
include ISO/IEC 8651-3:1988 Information processing systems—Computer graphics—Graphical Kernel System (GKS) language bindings—Part 3: Ada. Ada is an ALGOL-like
Ada_(programming_language)
in the TV Bands ISO 8805 Information processing systems – Computer graphics – Graphical Kernel System for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D) functional description
List of ISO standards 8000–9999
List_of_ISO_standards_8000–9999
General-purpose programming language
S2CID 8662381. ISO 8651-1:1988 Information processing systems – Computer graphics – Graphical Kernel System (GKS) language bindings – Part 1: FORTRAN. Geneva
Fortran
Graphics library for Borland compilers on DOS
getch(); closegraph(); return 0; } Allegro Graphics System Extension (GSX) Graphical Kernel System (GKS) Raylib SciTech SNAP UniVBE "Computer Graphics"
Borland_Graphics_Interface
Portuguese university teacher
TU Darmstadt. In 1977, he and his research group introduced the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) as the first ISO standard for low-level computer graphics
José_Luis_Encarnação
System software for the PlayStation Vita
video game consoles. It uses the LiveArea as its graphical shell. The system is built on a custom kernel with some components derived from FreeBSD and NetBSD
PlayStation Vita system software
PlayStation_Vita_system_software
Real-time operating system (RTOS) software
operating system kernel in the form of a number of small tasks, named Resource Managers. This differs from the more traditional monolithic kernel, in which
QNX
Keyboard commands for recovering a Linux machine
combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover
Magic_SysRq_key
Open-source web programming environment
Plattner Institute in Potsdam-Babelsberg near Berlin. The Lively Kernel is a graphical composition and integrated programming environment written fully
Lively_Kernel
Windows kernels, two SSDTs are used: One for generic routines (KeServiceDescriptorTable) and a second (KeServiceDescriptorTableShadow) for graphical routines
System Service Descriptor Table
System_Service_Descriptor_Table
Programming language
is IBM System Object Model (SOM), WPS and OpenDoc. ISO 8651-2:1988 Information processing systems – Computer graphics – Graphical Kernel System (GKS) language
Pascal_(programming_language)
Software that manages computer hardware resources
Linux distributions are composed of a kernel, system libraries, and system utilities. Linux has a graphical user interface (GUI) with a desktop, folder
Operating_system
Way for programs to access kernel services
kernel services such as process scheduling. System calls provide an essential interface between a process and the operating system. In most systems,
System_call
Boot loader package
operating systems installed on a computer set up for multi-booting or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular operating system's partitions
GNU_GRUB
Computer operating system
operating system that looks and feels a bit old school but performs faster than any OS they've ever experienced." It further praised Haiku's kernel, file
Haiku_(operating_system)
Operating system made by computer hobbyists
operating system which doesn't have a very big user base. Development can begin from existing resources like a kernel, an operating system, or a bootloader
Hobbyist_operating_system
Free and open-source Unix-like operating system
sanitizers), a kernel memory disclosure detection system (KLEAK) and a kernel diagnostic subsystem named heartbeat(9). Loadable kernel modules have been
NetBSD
open-source software portal Direct Rendering Infrastructure DirectFB Graphical Kernel System Linux framebuffer SVGALib Loki Software, Inc; John R. Hall (2001)
General_Graphics_Interface
Structure of the operating system
line of operating systems produced and sold by Microsoft, is a layered design that consists of two main components, user mode and kernel mode. It is a preemptive
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Version history of the Linux kernel
of the Linux kernel, a free, open-source, and Unix-like kernel that is used on many computer systems worldwide. Since the Linux kernel's creation by Linus
Linux_kernel_version_history
Console of the Linux kernel
The Linux console is a system console internal to the Linux kernel. A system console is the device which receives all kernel messages and warnings and
Linux_console
Computer system with a dedicated function
operating systems often support tracing of operating system events. A graphical view is presented by a host PC tool, based on a recording of the system behavior
Embedded_system
Operating system
Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset (ELKS), formerly known as Linux-8086, is a Linux-like operating system kernel. It is a subset of the Linux kernel, intended for
Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset
Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset
Graphics adapter and display standard for early IBM PCs
The only software systems known to support the PGC are IBM's Graphical Kernel System, P-CAD 4.5, VersaCAD, Canyon State Systems CompuShow and AutoCAD 2
Professional Graphics Controller
Professional_Graphics_Controller
1985 Microsoft operating system version
first major release of Microsoft Windows, a family of graphical user shells and operating systems for personal computers developed by Microsoft. It was
Windows_1.0
Operating system
MenuetOS is an operating system with a monolithic preemptive, real-time kernel written in FASM assembly language. The system also includes video drivers
MenuetOS
Virtualization module in the Linux kernel
Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a free and open-source virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor
Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine
Lightweight Linux distribution
Tiny Core Linux (TCL) is a minimal Linux kernel based operating system focusing on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. It was developed by
Tiny_Core_Linux
The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade
History of the graphical user interface
History_of_the_graphical_user_interface
Distributed operating system
the file system hierarchy. The kernel also includes some built-in modules that provide interfaces of the virtual operating system, such as system calls,
Inferno_(operating_system)
Feature for a Linux environment in Windows
), and even graphical applications (using an X11 server at the host side). The architecture was redesigned in WSL 2, with a Linux kernel running in a
Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux
Operating system
embedded (RTE) systems. Active Objects (Actors) can be combined with a wide variety of threading models, including real-time kernels (RTOS kernels). In the
QP_(framework)
Linux distribution
to glibc 2.1, egcs-1.2, and to the 2.2 kernel. It was the first version to use the GNOME as its default graphical environment instead of FVWM95 and included
Red_Hat_Linux
File system structure for locating files
extended in systems such as Linux, BSD, Solaris, and macOS. Windows uses internal path caching mechanisms as part of its NTFS and kernel object manager
Directory_(computing)
System software for the PlayStation 3
NetBSD known internally as CellOS or GameOS. It uses XrossMediaBar as its graphical shell. The process of updating is almost identical to that of the PlayStation
PlayStation_3_system_software
Microsoft operating system family
Windows NT is a proprietary graphical operating system produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows product line, the first version of which, Windows NT
Windows_NT
Graphics language for videotex and teletext services
raster graphics compression became popular. In the 1980s, the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) library, based on a 1970s specification with a similar basic
NAPLPS
Computer operating system
Windows is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Microsoft. Windows is grouped into families that cater to particular sectors
Microsoft_Windows
Alternative operating system kernel for Atari ST
MiNT (MiNT is Now TOS) is a free software alternative operating system kernel for the Atari ST series. It offers a partially preemptive, multi-tasking
MiNT
History of Apple's current Mac operating system
operating system NeXTSTEP had a more lasting legacy as it eventually became the basis for Mac OS X. NeXTSTEP was based on the Mach kernel developed at
MacOS_version_history
Research distributed operating system
terminal-based I/O at the heart of UNIX is replaced by a windowing system and graphical user interface without cursor addressing (although rc, the Plan 9
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
Class of algorithms for pattern analysis
In machine learning, kernel machines are a class of algorithms for pattern analysis, whose best known member is the support-vector machine (SVM). These
Kernel_method
Linux distribution of the late 1990s and early 2000s
features it developed, such as an easy-to-use, graphical installer and graphical and web-based system administration tools, as well as features from bundled
Caldera_OpenLinux
student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history
History_of_Linux
Family of Unix-like operating systems
LIN-uuks) is a family of free and open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds
Linux
Subsystem of the Linux kernel
The Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) is a subsystem of the Linux kernel responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards. DRM exposes an API that
Direct_Rendering_Manager
Distributed version control software system
development of the Linux kernel. The trademark "Git" is registered by the Software Freedom Conservancy. Today, Git is the version control system most commonly used
Git
Operating system for mobile devices
Android is an operating system owned by Google which is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other free and open-source software, designed
Android_(operating_system)
Public university in Darmstadt, Germany
Barbara Drossel, physicist José Luis Encarnação, inventor of the Graphical Kernel System Paul Friedländer, chemist Kurt Hohenemser, aerospace engineer and
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Technische_Universität_Darmstadt
Software projects developed at universities
(Toronto) Accent kernel – operating system kernel and predecessor to Mach (Carnegie Mellon) Aleph kernel – early operating-system kernel for the Rochester's
List of software developed at universities
List_of_software_developed_at_universities
MSDOS-like operating system
as "IBM PC DOS 3.31", while the internal BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System) kernel version was reported as 6.0, single-user nature, reflecting its origin
DR-DOS
Linux distribution
upstreamed parts. As software stack Mobian uses the Phosh (Phone shell) graphical system developed by Purism, which is based on GTK. It aims to integrate Phosh
Mobian
Linux kernel-based operating system developed by LG, previously Palm and HP
a Linux kernel-based multitasking operating system for smart devices, such as smart TVs, that has also been used as a mobile operating system. Initially
WebOS
Software engineering tool
for Linux Kernel development Mercurial, a cross-platform system similar to Git Fossil, a distributed version control system, bug tracking system and wiki
Distributed_version_control
1993 Microsoft operating system version
system is designed to combine certain elements of a monolithic kernel and a microkernel; nowadays this is most often referred to as a hybrid kernel.
Windows_NT_3.1
Architecture of computer operating systems
operating systems refers to a series of Microsoft Windows operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000. They are based on the Windows 95 kernel which is
Architecture_of_Windows_9x
Linux distribution
include: Nobara Tweak Tool for system adjustments Post-Installation Wizard for easy setup Performance optimizations (kernel tweaks, Mesa/Vulkan drivers)
Nobara_(operating_system)
8-bit graphical operating system
closely resembles early versions of the classic Mac OS and includes a graphical word processor (geoWrite) and paint program (geoPaint). A December 1987
GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)
- LiteOS kernel and kernel add-ons side of the kernel tree under Kernel Abstract Layer (KAL) structure Uniproton real-time operating system for ultra-low
List_of_operating_systems
are; kernel In some operating systems, the OS is split into a low level region called the kernel and higher level code that relies on the kernel. Typically
Comparison of operating systems
Comparison_of_operating_systems
Operating systems based on GNU
the Hurd kernel, the Guix package manager, etc.). According to the GNU Project, these also include most operating systems using the Linux kernel and a few
GNU_variants
Shell command and system call that changes the apparent root directory
released – in order to test its installation and build system. All versions of BSD that had a kernel have chroot(2). An early use of the term "jail" as applied
Chroot
Distribution of the GNU/Hurd operating system
Hurd is a distribution of the GNU operating system with the GNU Hurd kernel (instead of the Linux kernel, which comes with the Arch Linux distribution)
Arch_Hurd
Topics referred to by the same term
Keller-Stiftung, a foundation and Cultural Heritage in Switzerland Graphical Kernel System, a computer graphics standard Stadion GKS, a multi-purpose stadium
GKS
Component of SAP systems
SAP GUI is the graphical user interface client in SAP ERP's 3-tier architecture of database, application server and client. It is software that runs on
SAP_Graphical_User_Interface
Mobile operating system
and Hackable1. Openmoko Linux uses the Linux kernel, GNU libc, the X.Org Server plus their own graphical user environment built using the EFL toolkit
Openmoko_Linux
Term describing operating system components
MinWin is a term used informally by Microsoft to describe the kernel and operating system components that form the basis of releases of Microsoft Windows
MinWin
used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs, organized by their relationships with various operating systems. Mac OS X uses Cocoa
List_of_widget_toolkits
2025 Android mobile operating system
environment where users can execute Linux commands and graphical applications. The guest operating system is fully isolated by the hypervisor (KVM or gunyah)
Android_16
Free framework for reverse-engineering software
and WineDBG to debug Windows binaries on other systems. In addition, it can also be used as a kernel debugger with VMWare. Since it features a disassembler
Radare2
Family of distributed open-source operating systems
distributed operating system is designed with a layered architecture, consisting of four layers from the bottom to the top: the kernel layer, system service layer
OpenHarmony
American computer scientist
invented bit blit, the general-purpose graphical operation that underlies most bitmap computer graphics systems today, and pop-up menus. He designed the
Dan_Ingalls
Microkernel OS written in Rust
safety, stability, and performance. It is inspired by prior kernels and operating systems, such as SeL4, MINIX, Plan 9, BSD, and Linux. Current platform
RedoxOS
Linux network interface manager
NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces (and a couple of other daemons) and provides a high-level interface
NetworkManager
Family of operating systems for IBM PC compatibles
such that there was a separation between the system specific device driver code (IO.SYS) and the DOS kernel (MSDOS.SYS). Microsoft provided an OEM Adaptation
DOS
UNIX system component
Init is started by the kernel during the booting process; in most Unix-like systems, a kernel panic will occur if the kernel is unable to start it or
Init
Series of Microsoft operating systems
Windows, a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft. It had releases between 1995 and 2000, and were based on the kernel first introduced in Windows
Windows_9x
Operating system
open-source operating system". The microkernel handles multitasking, memory management and inter-process communication. It also provides kernel-based threads
HelenOS
Environment in which users run application software
versions after Windows ME have been based on the Windows NT kernel. Desktop environment, the graphical user interface to the computer File manager Integrated
Operating_environment
execution details from a patched Linux kernel and then perform various analyses on them, using console-based and graphical tools. LTT has been mostly superseded
Linux_Trace_Toolkit
Rolling release Linux distribution
base system. Packages in this repository include kernel packages and shell languages. extra, which holds packages unneeded for the base system, including
Arch_Linux
Linux distribution for server virtualization
containers. It is based on Debian GNU/Linux and uses a modified Ubuntu LTS kernel. Two types of virtualization are supported: container-based with LXC (starting
Proxmox_Virtual_Environment
Distributed revision-control tool for software developers
of other version control systems, particularly Subversion. Mercurial is primarily a command-line driven program, but graphical user interface extensions
Mercurial
History of the Ubuntu operating system
also been made to the system menu and the installation screen, which now shows a graphical drive checking routine. The ZFS file system is now offered as an
Ubuntu_version_history
Security-focused Linux-based operating system
access to all the physical system hardware, via standard Linux kernel device drivers. The operating system hosts the user's graphical desktop and controls most
Qubes_OS
Real-time operating system
memory (RAM) and 30 kilobytes of read-only memory (ROM). A full system, including a graphical user interface, needs about 30 kilobytes of RAM. A new branch
Contiki
Driver wrapper for Windows devices used on Linux
USB modems, and routers) on Linux operating systems. NDISwrapper works by implementing the Windows kernel and NDIS APIs and dynamically linking Windows
NDISwrapper
System and hardware profiling application
components, low-level kernel configurations, and the graphical display stack. Originally integrated deeply into the core system configuration utility
KInfoCenter
Discontinued embedded operating system by Microsoft
Windows For Embedded Systems, Windows Embedded Industry and Windows IoT, which are based on Windows NT, Windows CE uses a different kernel. Microsoft licensed
Windows_CE
Linux firewall software
user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the IP packet filter rules of the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different
Iptables
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
Latin
Horn.
Female
English
Medieval English contracted form of Roman Latin Petronel, PERONEL means "little rock."
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, Christian, Danish, German, Irish
Kernel; Nut
Boy/Male
Czech, French, German, Latin, Polish
A Horn
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of German Werner, VERNER means "Warin warrior," i.e. "covered warrior."
Male
Dutch
, kingly, powerful, or, horn of the sun.
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kornelios, CORNEL means "of a horn."
Surname or Lastname
Swedish
Swedish : ornamental name formed with the common surname suffix -ell. The first element is unexplained, possibly from a place-name.English, Scottish, and northern Irish : unexplained; possibly a respelling of Scottish Kerneil, a habitational name from Carneil in Carnock, Fife.
Girl/Female
Australian, Celtic, Christian, Irish
Graceful; Kernel
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Muriel, MERIEL means "sea-bright."
Male
Polish
Polish form of Roman Latin Cornelius, KORNELI means "of a horn."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a scholar or schoolmaster, from an agent derivative of Middle English lern(en), which meant both ‘to learn’ and ‘to teach’ (Old English leornian).South German : habitational name for someone from Lern near Freising.South German : nickname from Middle High German lerner ‘pupil’, ‘schoolboy’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name from Yiddish lerner ‘Talmudic student or scholar’.
Boy/Male
French
Akernel.
Male
English
Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Cenhelm, KENELM means "keen protection."Â
Girl/Female
Australian, Celtic, Christian, Irish
Kernel; Nut
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of English Kenneth, KENNET means both "comely; finely made" and "born of fire."Â
Female
Hebrew
(כַּרְמֶל) Hebrew unisex name KARMEL means "garden-land." In the bible, this is the name of a mountain in the Holy Land.
Girl/Female
British, English
Little Rock
Female
English
Variant form of English Keren, KERENA means "horn (of an animal)."Â
Male
Slovene
Slovene form of Greek Bartholomaios, JERNEJ means "son of Talmai."
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
Girl/Female
Biblical
Giving.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Union
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Helping Hand
Boy/Male
Norse
A blind son of Odin.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Turkish
Joyful; Happiness
Boy/Male
Hindu
Name of a sage, From the heart
Girl/Female
Biblical
The chosen house.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Offering Sacrifice
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Oriya
Lion
Girl/Female
Indian
Pleasure
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
GRAPHICAL KERNEL-SYSTEM
imp. & p. p.
of Kernel
n.
See Weanel.
v. i.
To take the form of kernels; to granulate.
n.
See Kimnel.
n.
The central, substantial or essential part of anything; the gist; the core; as, the kernel of an argument.
a.
Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a graphic writer.
v. i.
To harden or ripen into kernels; to produce kernels.
a.
Of or pertaining to the spring; appearing in the spring; as, vernal bloom.
a.
Alt. of Graphical
a.
Having a kernel.
n.
A single seed or grain; as, a kernel of corn.
adv.
In a graphic manner; vividly.
a.
Full of kernels; resembling kernels; of the nature of kernels.
v. t.
To put or keep in a kennel.
n.
Any species of the genus Cornus, as C. florida, the flowering cornel; C. stolonifera, the osier cornel; C. Canadensis, the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Kernel
n.
The essential part of a seed; all that is within the seed walls; the edible substance contained in the shell of a nut; hence, anything included in a shell, husk, or integument; as, the kernel of a nut. See Illust. of Endocarp.
imp. & p. p.
of Kern