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Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis covers the United States government policies and its impact on the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2009
Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis
Government_policies_and_the_subprime_mortgage_crisis
2007 mortgage crisis in the United States
The American subprime mortgage crisis was a multinational financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2010, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis
Subprime_mortgage_crisis
The Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate discusses various actions and proposals by economists, government officials, journalists, and business leaders
Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate
Subprime_mortgage_crisis_solutions_debate
US events during the subprime mortgage crisis
bubble burst and the subprime mortgage crisis which developed during 2007 and 2008. It includes United States enactment of government laws and regulations
Subprime crisis impact timeline
Subprime_crisis_impact_timeline
according to the debtor's ability to pay lenders back, played a significant role at various stages in the American subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008
Credit rating agencies and the subprime crisis
Credit_rating_agencies_and_the_subprime_crisis
Worldwide economic crisis
The 2008 financial crisis was a major worldwide financial crisis which started in the United States. The first phase was the subprime mortgage crisis
2008_financial_crisis
directly and indirectly serve as the causes of the Great Recession that started in 2008 with the US subprime mortgage crisis. The major causes of the initial
Causes_of_the_Great_Recession
background information regarding the subprime mortgage crisis. It discusses subprime lending, foreclosures, risk types, and mechanisms through which various
Subprime crisis background information
Subprime_crisis_background_information
American investing and wealth management division of Bank of America
billion (~$12.5 billion in 2025) in losses associated with the subprime mortgage crisis, and terminated E. Stanley O'Neal as its chief executive. O'Neal
Merrill_(company)
Action by the U.S. Treasury to lessen the subprime mortgage crisis
issuing bonds, had become illiquid as the market for those bonds collapsed in the subprime mortgage crisis. The FHFA established conservatorships in which
Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Federal_takeover_of_Fannie_Mae_and_Freddie_Mac
subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indication of the 2008 financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures
Mortgage industry of the United States
Mortgage_industry_of_the_United_States
Loan secured using real estate
Mortgage Crisis of the 1930s, the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007 which led to the 2010 foreclosure
Mortgage
responses to the subprime crisis addresses various actions taken by governments around the world to address the effects of the subprime mortgage crisis. Regulators
Regulatory responses to the subprime crisis
Regulatory_responses_to_the_subprime_crisis
Part of the 2008 financial crisis
drained the automaker's cash reserves. The subprime mortgage crisis and high oil prices of 2008 caused the popularity of once best-selling trucks and SUVs
2008–2010 automotive industry crisis
2008–2010_automotive_industry_crisis
steps to address the subprime mortgage crisis. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated in early 2008: "Broadly, the Federal Reserve’s response has
Federal Reserve responses to the subprime crisis
Federal_Reserve_responses_to_the_subprime_crisis
2010 documentary film by Charles Ferguson
backed by subprime mortgages. Goldman-Sachs sold more than $3 billion worth of CDOs in the first half of 2006. Goldman also bet against the low-value
Inside_Job_(2010_film)
Sixfold rise in oil prices, peaking in 2008
theory, as government policies can affect the supply and demand for petroleum as well as the availability of substitutes. In contrast, the last type of
2000s_energy_crisis
those of the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008. In response, the government took the following actions: The government announced the state would guarantee
1990–1994 Swedish financial crisis
1990–1994_Swedish_financial_crisis
Acute shortage of liquidity
understand and investing in more liquid or familiar assets. This can be described as the information amplification mechanism. In the subprime mortgage crisis, rapid
Liquidity_crisis
Financial product
make subprime loans, leading to the 2007–2009 subprime mortgage crisis. In 1970, the US government-backed mortgage guarantor Ginnie Mae created the first
Collateralized debt obligation
Collateralized_debt_obligation
Type of insurance policy
and claims settlement. The contractual provisions in the master policy have received increased scrutiny since the subprime mortgage crisis in the United
Mortgage_insurance
Ideological faction within the Democratic Party
and neoconservative government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis, as well as to fiscal grievances by Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter
New_Democrats_(United_States)
Government-backed financial services company
Then in 2003–2004, the subprime mortgage crisis began. The market shifted away from regulated GSEs and radically toward Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS)
Fannie_Mae
Acute failures in the housing market
around the world facing housing crises. Some notable examples of financial crises in the housing market are the American subprime mortgage crisis in 2007–2008
Housing_crisis
The subprime mortgage crisis reached a critical stage during the first week of September 2008, characterized by severely contracted liquidity in the global
Global financial crisis in September 2008
Global_financial_crisis_in_September_2008
Economic bubble
bubble was the impetus for the subprime mortgage crisis. Housing prices, which peaked in early 2006, started to decline in 2006 and 2007, and reached new
2000s United States housing bubble
2000s_United_States_housing_bubble
American economist
Minsky's economic theories were largely ignored for decades, until the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 caused a renewed interest in them. A native of Chicago
Hyman_Minsky
Mortgage discrimination or mortgage lending discrimination is the practice of banks, governments, or other lending institutions denying loans to one or
Mortgage_discrimination
a $6.8 billion budget. The budget crisis was a result of the larger subprime mortgage crisis and the late-2000s recession. The budget shortfall resulted
2008_Nevada_budget_crisis
Non-banks that provide services similar to banks
government (conspiracy theory) Structured investment vehicle Subprime crisis background information Subprime mortgage crisis Subprime mortgage crisis
Shadow_banking_system
US financial crisis from 1986 to 1995
1990s portal Money portal Financial crisis List of largest bank failures in the United States Subprime mortgage crisis Cottage Savings Ass'n v. Commissioner
Savings_and_loan_crisis
U.S. federal agency
provides mortgage insurance. In September 2019, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, in an en banc opinion, ruled that the structure of the FHFA violated
Federal Housing Finance Agency
Federal_Housing_Finance_Agency
caused by the subprime mortgage crisis in September 2007, the Federal Reserve used broad-based programs and assisted individual institutions. The Federal
History of the Federal Reserve System
History_of_the_Federal_Reserve_System
2025). The manager of the world's largest bond fund PIMCO, warned in June 2007 that the subprime mortgage crisis was not an isolated event and would eventually
2000s United States housing market correction
2000s_United_States_housing_market_correction
Systemic denial of services to some areas
In the early 21st century, brokers and telemarketers actively encouraged subprime mortgages to be offered to minority residents. A majority of the loans
Redlining
American federal law
used after the subprime mortgage crisis to attempt to establish the liability of banks that allegedly misrepresented the quality of loans to the Federal
Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
Financial_Institutions_Reform,_Recovery,_and_Enforcement_Act_of_1989
American economist (1926–2026)
leading cause of the dot-com bubble and subprime mortgage crisis (the latter occurring within a year of his leaving the Fed), which, said The Wall Street Journal
Alan_Greenspan
2007–2009 international economic decline
phase became known as the subprime mortgage crisis, referring to borrowers of lesser payment capacity as subprime debtors. The combination of banks being
Great_Recession
linkages underpinning the dynamics of The Great Depression and the subprime mortgage crisis. There are various ways of rationalizing a financial accelerator
Financial_accelerator
American investigative journalist and filmmaker
directed and co-produced (with her husband) her first feature documentary for theatrical release, American Casino. It follows the subprime mortgage crisis in
Leslie_Cockburn
United States housing crisis
was a direct outcome of the subprime mortgage crisis that began in 2007–2008. During the housing boom, lenders issued mortgages to a wide range of borrowers
2010 United States foreclosure crisis
2010_United_States_foreclosure_crisis
Monetary policy tool
novel form of monetary policy that began in Japan and came into wide application in the US following the 2008 financial crisis. It attempts to mitigate
Quantitative_easing
that contributed to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008, and the Great Recession that followed. Economic performance during the period was adversely
Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration
Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration
American businessman (born 1949)
lesser ability to pay them back was one of the major contributing factors to the subprime mortgage crisis. Raines himself stated before Congress, "In
Franklin_Raines
2011 American biographical TV film
Guild Awards. In 2008, the subprime mortgage crisis is affecting investment banks holding massive real estate assets. In the midst of an election year
Too_Big_to_Fail_(film)
Situation in which financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value
example is the Great Depression, which was preceded in many countries by bank runs and stock market crashes. The subprime mortgage crisis and the bursting
Financial_crisis
Multi-year debt crisis in multiple EU countries, 2009–2010
by the Diário de Notícias, When the global crisis disrupted the markets and the world economy, together with the US subprime mortgage crisis and the eurozone
Eurozone_crisis
Situation in which a government cannot pay back its debt
the Euro has decreased. The 2008 financial crisis began with a crisis in the subprime mortgage market in the United States, and developed into a full-blown
Debt_crisis
American commission that investigated the causes of the 2008 financial crisis
financial giants Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, and mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, each of which the government brought under consideration
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Financial_Crisis_Inquiry_Commission
Intermediary who facilitates transactional use of debt tied to real estate
disbursement via the broker's referral. Subprime mortgage crisis Loan sale Mortgage loan Fixed-rate mortgage Adjustable-rate mortgage VA loan FHA insured
Mortgage_broker
Reform and Consumer Protection Act Interactive View Goldman Sachs Response to Report Wall Street reform 2008 financial crisis Subprime mortgage crisis solutions
Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse
Wall_Street_and_the_Financial_Crisis:_Anatomy_of_a_Financial_Collapse
Government Plan
accounting Savings and loan crisis Statistical Arbitrage: Events of Summer 2007 Subprime crisis impact timeline Subprime mortgage crisis United States housing
Chinese economic stimulus program
Chinese_economic_stimulus_program
2014 book by Matt Taibbi
the book "advocacy journalism at its finest, an attempt to stir us up." Causes of the Great Recession Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis
The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap
The_Divide:_American_Injustice_in_the_Age_of_the_Wealth_Gap
US act of congress to address the subprime mortgage crisis
as HERA) was designed primarily to address the subprime mortgage crisis by stabilizing the housing market and reforming predatory lending practices. It
Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
Housing_and_Economic_Recovery_Act_of_2008
Home loan division of Bank of America
over subprime suit",'MSNBC', October 6, 2008 Countrywide Mortgage-Backed Securities Certificate Investor Lawsuit Archived May 15, 2010, at the Wayback
Bank_of_America_Home_Loans
American economist (born 1959)
the book Financial Shock: A 360° Look at the Subprime Mortgage Implosion, and How to Avoid the Next Financial Crisis and in 2012 he wrote Paying the Price:
Mark_Zandi
contributing to the Subprime mortgage crisis. They state that while "in a world regulated by a gold standard, 100% reserve banking, and no FDIC deposit
Causes of the 2000s United States housing bubble
Causes_of_the_2000s_United_States_housing_bubble
American investment banker and financier (born 1946)
for it. He also helped to create the Hope Now Alliance to help struggling homeowners during the subprime mortgage crisis. Paulson was known to have persuaded
Henry_Paulson
Public bank in Bavaria
a week after the bank wrote down €1.9 billion as a result of the US subprime crisis. The crisis also consumed the governing CSU party and its chairman
Bayerische_Landesbank
2010 book by Matt Taibbi
to the 2008 financial crisis. It argues that the crisis was not an accident of the free market but the result of a complex and ongoing politico-financial
Griftopia
Expansion and contraction of leverage during the business cycle
necessarily satisfy the lender. Before the 2008 financial crisis, lenders were less nervous. As a result, they were willing to make subprime mortgage loans. Consider
Leverage_cycle
Finance property of an asset
regularly traded. The mortgage-related assets which resulted in the subprime mortgage crisis are examples of illiquid assets, as their value was not readily
Market_liquidity
Worldwide economic depression (1929–1939)
the government, which had been following increasingly more liberal economic policies up until then, started opting for more statist policies. The world
Great_Depression
American multinational investment bank and financial services corporation
trouble as the subprime mortgage crisis worsened in 2007. The company had used elaborate mathematical risk models which looked at mortgages in particular
Citigroup
Theory in banking and finance
injecting government capital, all of which protect at least some creditors who otherwise would have suffered losses. ... If the [subprime mortgage crisis] has
Too_big_to_fail
worrying" than the ongoing subprime mortgage crisis in view of the political development in Russia. Furthermore, Russia's overt reliance on the oil and natural
Great_Recession_in_Russia
Increases in the exposure to risk when insured, or when another bears the cost
banks, commercial banks, and non-bank mortgage lenders.[citation needed] During the years leading up to the subprime mortgage crisis, private label securitizations
Moral_hazard
Financial situation where credit/loans become less available/obtainable
rose from 60% in 1984 to 130% by 2007, contributing to (and worsening) the Subprime mortgage crisis of 2007–2008. In recent decades credit crunches have
Credit_crunch
Company that assigns credit ratings
inaccurate ratings following the collapse of Enron, and especially after the US subprime mortgage crisis and the 2008 financial crisis. During that debacle,
Credit_rating_agency
Multinational investment bank headquartered in Switzerland
announce a heavy loss in the subprime mortgage sector as the subprime mortgage crisis began to develop. In May 2007, UBS announced the closure of its Dillon
UBS
The Turkish economic crisis (Turkish: Türkiye ekonomik krizi) is a financial and economic crisis in Turkey. It is characterized by the Turkish lira (TRY)
Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)
Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)
Subsidiary of HSBC Holdings
out and assist mortgage customers with their loan repayments and home preservation. The Consumer Lending branch offices, branded in the US as HFC and Beneficial
HSBC_Finance
Mismatch between the timing or sensitivity of a firm's assets and liabilities
economic crises such as the 1980s Latin American Debt Crisis, the 2007 Subprime Mortgage Crisis, the U.S. Savings and Loan Crisis, and the collapse of Silicon
Asset–liability_mismatch
2009 feud
Commentator Larry Kudlow was shown saying in April 2008 that "the worst of this subprime business is over." In another clip, Jim Cramer was shown simply
Jon Stewart–Jim Cramer conflict
Jon_Stewart–Jim_Cramer_conflict
Crisis that began during the presidency of Dilma Rousseff
(president during the crisis), introduced macroeconomic tax exemptions and subsidies. These policies are widely acknowledged as a major factor in the 2014–16 economic
2014 Brazilian economic crisis
2014_Brazilian_economic_crisis
Type of market failure
Adverse selection Moral hazard Government debt The Market for Lemons Subprime mortgage crisis Note that the assumption is that the riskier project could lead
Credit_rationing
Type of financial contract
repackaged and resold as collaterized debt obligations. These subprime MBSs issued by investment banks were a major issue in the subprime mortgage crisis of 2006–2008
Derivative_(finance)
Reserve fund of the US Treasury Department
auction. The U.S. government used the ESF to provide $20 billion in currency swaps and loan guarantees to Mexico following the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico
Exchange_Stabilization_Fund
American economist (1927–2019)
from the Board, he chaired the Economic Recovery Advisory Board under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2011 during the subprime mortgage crisis. Volcker
Paul_Volcker
Service reductions due to a funding lapse
federal government is not enacted before the next fiscal year begins. During a shutdown, the federal government curtails agency activities and services
Government shutdowns in the United States
Government_shutdowns_in_the_United_States
US government program
and signed into law by President George W. Bush. It was a component of the government's measures in 2008 to address the subprime mortgage crisis. The
Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program
Chairman of the Federal Reserve since 2026
House Committee on Financial Services in July, stating that the subprime mortgage crisis did not yet present systemic risk. He was an initial critic of
Kevin_Warsh
1984 United States law
contributing factor in the subprime mortgage crisis. It declared nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) AA-rated mortgage-backed securities
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act
Secondary_Mortgage_Market_Enhancement_Act
Professor of law and economics at UMKC
titled "Public Policy Issues Raised by the Report of the Lehman Bankruptcy Examiner." He testified about the role that Alt-A mortgages, what he called
William_K._Black
Bond credits rating business of Moody's Corporation
by the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as criticism following the Enron scandal, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, and the 2008 financial crisis. In
Moody's_Ratings
Overview of the impact of the Great Recession in South Africa
debt since the crisis began. Great Recession in the Americas Great Recession in the United States Timeline of the Great Recession ""Subprime": lejos de
Great Recession in South America
Great_Recession_in_South_America
American multinational finance and insurance corporation
insurance services to businesses and individuals. During the 2008 financial crisis, AIG received a $180 billion bailout from the United States Federal Reserve
American_International_Group
Global oil shortage due to geopolitics
The 1970s energy crisis occurred when the Western world, particularly the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, experienced
1970s_energy_crisis
Financial and economic crisis in the Roman Empire
financial and economic crisis occurred in 33 AD in the Roman Empire, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius. After a shift in government policy and a series
Financial_crisis_of_33
crisis in December 2008 Subprime crisis impact timeline Timeline of the United States housing bubble for the pre-subprime crisis timeline "Das traurige
Global financial crisis in 2009
Global_financial_crisis_in_2009
Banking crisis
Hoonhout, Bram (2013) The crisis of the subprime plantation mortgages in the Dutch West Indies, 1750–1775 Jong, Abe de, Kooijmans, Tim and Koudijs, Peter (2020)
British credit crisis of 1772–1773
British_credit_crisis_of_1772–1773
Open-end mutual fund
Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 353–360. 2012 INVESTMENT
Money_market_fund
U.S. government agency responsible for mortgage insurance
3%. The influx of these unregulated subprime loans helped fuel the United States housing bubble, which led to the subprime mortgage crisis and the near-collapse
Federal Housing Administration
Federal_Housing_Administration
American multinational banking and financial services company
An affidavit filed in the case stated that loan officers had referred to black mortgage-seekers as "mud people", and the subprime loans as "ghetto loans
Wells_Fargo
Financial crisis
Sunac, and Kaisa. In 2021, other central and local government regulations, including mortgage lending limits, rent caps in big cities, and land auction
Chinese real estate crisis (2020–present)
Chinese_real_estate_crisis_(2020–present)
the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis compared to other nations, and the aforementioned recognition of numerous Canadian banks on the Bloomberg
Big_Five_banks_of_Canada
from the original on March 17, 2025. Gamio, Lazaro (September 30, 2025). "From Crisis to Crisis: How Congress Struggles to Fund the Government". The New
2026 United States federal government shutdowns
2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdowns
Legal process where a lender recoups an unpaid loan
foreclosure.[citation needed] In the wake of the United States housing bubble and the subsequent subprime mortgage crisis there has been increased interest
Foreclosure
to meet rent or mortgage payments and missed bills, the hashtag "#ShutdownStories" went viral on social media. The federal government's Office of Personnel
2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown
2018–2019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown
2008 edition of 1999 book by Paul Krugman
The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008 is a non-fiction book by American economist and Nobel Prize winner Paul Krugman, written in
The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008
The_Return_of_Depression_Economics_and_the_Crisis_of_2008
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES-AND-THE-SUBPRIME-MORTGAGE-CRISIS
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GOVERNMENT POLICIES-AND-THE-SUBPRIME-MORTGAGE-CRISIS
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