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Arabic royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Girgam (or Diwan) is the royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, written in Arabic. Girgam is also used as the name for written historical records
Girgam
is reconstructed by scholars through orally recited sources such as the girgam (the empire's royal chronicle), surviving literary sources, and contemporary
List_of_mais_of_Kanem–Bornu
Last mai of the Duguwa dynasty
the throne, are unclear. Information about Selema comes mainly from the girgam, the orally recited royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, which is
Selema_I
First Muslim ruler of Kanem
earliest ruler associated with Islam in the empire's royal chronicle (the girgam), Hu is generally identified as the first Muslim ruler of the empire. Some
Hu_of_Kanem
rulers is mainly recorded in the girgam, a royal chronicle preserved over the centuries mainly through oral history. Girgams recording the line of the Sayfawa
Bilala_dynasty
Empire around Lake Chad, Africa, c. 700–1902
Kanem–Bornu Empire is largely reconstructed through the girgam, the empire's royal chronicle. The girgam was preserved through oral tradition before transcriptions
Kanem–Bornu_Empire
Legendary founder of Kanem
questioned as early as the 15th century. Information about Susam comes from the girgam, the orally recited royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, which is
Susam_of_Kanem
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
just one year. Muhammad is also listed in a girgam translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912, though this girgam exhibits a confused chronology and sequence
Muhammad_II_Manza
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
named Kítaba. A girgam translated by Richmond Palmer in 1926 also places Abdullahs' death at Kítaba (though here spelled Kitala) but a girgam translated by
Abdullah_IV_Dunamami
Core region of the African continent
The history of the Empire is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveler Heinrich Barth. Kanem rose in
Central_Africa
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
exaggeration. Dunama's cavalry force numbered between 30,000 and 40,000 strong. A girgam (king list) translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912 records Dunama as "a warrior
Dunama_II_Dibalemi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
pre-Islamic ruler of the empire. Information about Arki comes mainly from the girgam, the orally recited royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, which is
Arki_of_Kanem
Kanem–Bornu, the line of mais of Marte before 1900 is reconstructed through a girgam, an orally transmitted royal chronicle. The mais of Marte claim to be one
List_of_mais_of_Marte
Ethnic group in Sudan, Chad and Libya
the Zaghawa ethnicity. The royal history of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, the Girgam, refers to the Zaghawa people as the Duguwa. Today, Zaghawa refer to themselves
Zaghawa_people
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
as regent. As regent, Fasama's power apparently eclipsed Biri's own; the girgam (the royal chronicle of the empire) records an incident when Biri had a
Biri_I_Uthman
Ethnic group
the Bilala and the Sayfawa erupted in the 14th century; according to the girgam (the royal chronicle of the Kanem–Bornu Empire), the Bilala defeated and
Bilala_people
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
and what is meant by the dynastic shift is unclear. Most versions of the girgam (the empire's royal chronicle) records Hummay as the son of his direct predecessor
Hummay
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Tripolitania. Ibrahim's reign was a prosperous time for the empire, according to a girgam (regnal list) translated by Richmond Palmer: "Me Burema [mai Ibrahim]. Son
Ibrahim_III_Gumsami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Egypt while on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Dunama was a very powerful ruler. The girgam (orally transmitted royal chronicle) records that Dunama had a strong and
Dunama_I_Umemi
Topics referred to by the same term
Diwan, a code of laws first introduced by Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu The Girgam or Diwan, the royal chronicle of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, written in Arabic
Diwan
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
of Ibrahim I Nikale. Kade is recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Heinrich Barth (1851), Gustav Nachtigal (1881), and Moïse
Kade_I_Aujami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
was buried. Some accounts incorrectly place his death at Ngazargamu. A girgam (regnal list) translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912 merely states that Ahmad
Ahmad_Alimi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Muhammad VIII Ergama, who he succeeded as mai in the mid-18th century. A girgam translated by Richmond Palmer states that Dunama's mother was "Lefiya, the
Dunama_VIII_Gana
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
succeeded as mai by his son Muhammad VIII Ergama. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Hamdan different
Hamdan_Dunamami
Mai of Kanem–Bornu Empire
Kanem–Bornu Empire's ruling Sayfawa dynasty is unclear. In a royal list (girgam) translated by Heinrich Barth in the mid-19th century, Muhammad is designated
Muhammad_III_of_Bornu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
succeeded as mai by his half-brother Ibrahim III Gumsami. Most king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries (by Barth, Landeroin
Muhammad_VII_Bukalmarami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
and became unable to resist any shock which might come from without. A girgam translated by Richmond Palmer exaggerates the size of the empire by Muhammad's
Muhammad_VIII_Ergama
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
buried. A girgam (regnal list) translated by Richmond Palmer in 1912 states that he was buried "in the camp built with bricks" whereas another girgam translated
Ali_IV_Kalirgima
Villages in Kano State, Nigeria
Yamma IV); Yan Awaki I; Yan Awaki II Shanono Kadamu Dankinji; Dogon Marke; Girgam; Jigawa; Kadamu Chikin Gari I; Kadamu Chikin Gari II; Kauyen Kuka; Kundila
List of villages in Kano State
List_of_villages_in_Kano_State
Medieval and early modern history of the African region
The history of the Empire is mainly known from the Royal Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. Kanem rose in
Medieval and early modern Africa
Medieval_and_early_modern_Africa
Regent of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Aminami and Fanna, and a full brother of mai Dunama VI Muhammad. Some girgams (king lists) add Ali as a ruler of the empire between Dunama and Dunama's
Ali_Fannami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
was succeeded as mai by his son Hamdan Dunamami. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Dunama slightly
Dunama_VII_Martemarambi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Most known versions of the girgam (king list) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire do not give the name of Gaji's father. One girgam, translated by Richmond Palmer
Gaji_of_Bornu
Regent of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
regent and her authority apparently eclipsed that of Biri himself. The girgam (the royal chronicle of the empire) records an incident when Biri had a
Fasama
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
also alternatively been recorded as "Bursulum". Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Uthman a reign
Uthman_III_Kalinumuwa
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
and oversaw a successful and prosperous reign. Selema is claimed by the girgam (royal chronicle of the empire) to have extended his dominion over "the
Selema_II
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Ibrahim I Nikale. Biri Ibrahim is recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Heinrich Barth (1851), Gustav Nachtigal (1881), and Moïse
Biri_II_Ibrahim
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
kurna trees". He was succeeded as mai by his son Selema II. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Abdullah a
Abdullah_I_Bikur
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
N'difu. He was succeeded as mai by his brother Kure I Gana. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Selema a reign
Selema_III
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
be lost as no surviving copies or excerpts are known. All king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries (by Barth, Nachtigal
Idris_III_Katagarmabe
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
ruler who ruled without consultation with the nobility, according to the girgam (royal chronicle), "his chiefs did not assemble in council." Umar spent
Umar_II_of_Bornu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
I Nikalemi, son of Abdullah II's cousin Ibrahim I Nikale. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Muhammad a
Muhammad_I_Kure
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Ngazargamu and was succeeded as mai by his son Idris V. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Ali slightly
Ali_III_Walamma
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Gana was succeeded as mai by his elder brother Kure Kura. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Kure a reign
Kure_I_Gana
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Ibrahim and the yerima (another prominent official) Kade. According to the girgam (royal chronicle of the empire), Dunama's horses "were to him as mothers"
Dunama_IV
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
surrounding Lake Fitri. He was succeeded as mai by his son Uthman I. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Dawud a reign
Dawud_Nikalemi
Ruler of the Kanem–Bornu Empire (c. 1570–1603)
towns in Tchad (and) thousand a hundred and ten rocks: he is at Alau. — Girgam translated by H.R. Palmer Mai Idris was killed near modern-day Maiduguri
Idris_Alooma
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
History. Boston University Press. p. 82. Palmer, H. R. (1912). "The Bornu Girgam". Journal of the Royal African Society. 12 (45): 83. ISSN 0368-4016. Stapleton
Ali_V_Minargema
Place in Katsina State, Nigeria
Bashar. Alh Sabiu Ibrahim Dantawai become the chairman of daura 2014 The Girgam mentions that the Daura Emirate was established in 2000 BC and it all began
Daura_Emirate
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
succeeded as mai by his son Abdullah IV Dunamami. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Dunama different
Dunama_VI_Muhammad
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Idris II Saradima and Dunama III, who may have ruled together. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Abubakar a
Abubakar_Liyatu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Idris Saradima and Dunama III are recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Gustav Nachtigal (1881) and Moïse Landeroin [fr] (1911)
Idris_II_Saradima
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Yarimiya (Yamia). He was succeeded as mai by Muhammad IV. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries agree that Amarma
Amarma
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
as a separate monarch. Biri is recorded in a list of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgam) translated by Moïse Landeroin [fr] in 1911. According to Landeroin's list
Biri_V
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Kade was succeeded as mai by his brother Biri III Uthman. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries (Barth, Palmer, Urvoy
Kade_II_Afunu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
(whose historicity is disputed) or Ali III Walamma. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Umar slightly
Umar_III_al-Maqdisi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
territory later occupied by the Sultanate of Bagirmi. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Biri a reign
Biri_III_Uthman
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
The site of Uthman's death is recorded as Mikidhá. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Uthman different
Uthman_IV_of_Bornu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
succeeded as mai by his brother Ali II Zainami. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Muhammad different
Muhammad_VI_Aminami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
of Ibrahim I Nikale. Jalil is recorded in a list of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgam) translated by Moïse Landeroin [fr] (1911) and in the work of Yves Urvoy
Jalil_of_Kanem
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
of the Berbers", terms that refer to the Sahara. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries variously give Muhammad
Muhammad_V_of_Bornu
Queen regnant in the Kanem–Bornu Empire
pp. 26, 168. ISBN 978-1-4422-6293-5. Palmer, H. R. (1912). "The Bornu Girgam". Journal of the Royal African Society. 12 (45): 78–79. ISSN 0368-4016.
Aissa_Koli
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Kalinumuwa. The chronology of Ibrahim's reign is confused in the sources. The girgam and diwan (later Kanem–Bornu sources) attribute Ibrahim a reign of seven
Ibrahim_II_of_Bornu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
by Dunama V Ahmad. Biri is omitted in the 19th–20th century king lists (girgams) published by Barth, Palmer, and Urvoy. Nachtigal and Landeroin both assign
Biri_IV
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
was succeeded as mai by another brother, Muhammad I Kure. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Kure a reign
Kure_II_Kura
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Idris was omitted by mistake in some royal chronicles and lists of rulers (girgams). Idris ruled for over a decade, between 17 and 20 years. The location
Idris_V
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Press. pp. 127, 129. ISBN 0-7486-2137-7. Palmer, H. R. (1912). "The Bornu Girgam". Journal of the Royal African Society. 12 (45): 83. ISSN 0368-4016. Bovill
Ibrahim_IV_Lefiami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
History. Boston University Press. p. 82. Palmer, H. R. (1912). "The Bornu Girgam". Journal of the Royal African Society. 12 (45): 83. ISSN 0368-4016. Brenner
Muhammad_IX_Ngileruma
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
He was succeeded as mai by his namesake cousin Uthman II. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Uthman a reign
Uthman_I_of_Kanem
Bapeto; Dinawa Pantami, Kofar Jauro; Sarkin Kom, Kom Dispensary; Girgam, K/ Sarkin Girgam; Kan Giwa, K/ Sarkin Kan Giwa; Bemi, Bemi Maternity; Dumbona, Dunbona;
List of villages in Gombe State
List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
the empire passed to Ibrahim's cousin Abdullah II Kademi. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Ibrahim a
Ibrahim_I_Nikale
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Present. McFarland & Company. pp. 35, 146. Palmer, H. R. (1912). "The Bornu Girgam". Journal of the Royal African Society. 12 (45): 83. ISSN 0368-4016. Lavers
Dunama_IX_Lefiami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
branches, who competed over the throne for the next century. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Idris a reign
Idris_I_Nikalemi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
his cousin (Uthman I's brother) Abubakar Liyatu. Among the king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries, Uthman II appears
Uthman_II_of_Kanem
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
He was succeeded as mai by his brother Muhammad II Manza. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Saʽid a reign
Sa'id_of_Bornu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Damagia). Umar was succeeded as mai by his brother Saʽid. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Umar a reign
Umar_I_Idrismi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Gaji, whose relation to previous rulers is unclear. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Muhammad different
Muhammad_IV_of_Bornu
Ruler of Kano (r. 1438–1452)
predecessor, his brother, Dauda Bakon Damisa, a great Bornu prince which the Girgam corroborates as Othman Kalnama sought refuge in Kano and took the title
Abdullahi_Burja
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
succeeded as mai by his son Idris III Katagarmabe. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Ali different
Ali_I_Gaji
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
as Kowwa). Dunama was succeeded as mai by Muhammad III. All king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries (Barth, Palmer, Urvoy
Dunama_V_Ahmad
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
thefts and prayed that the Abdullah's line would be ended. King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Abdullah a
Abdullah_II_Kademi
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
variously recorded as Amará/Amazá, or Damaza (Damasak). Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Kade different
Kade_III
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
as Famelfa, or variations thereof, such as Malfe. Different king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries assign Abdullah a
Abdullah_III_Dakumuni
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
II Saradima and Dunama III are recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Gustav Nachtigal (1881) and Moïse Landeroin [fr] (1911)
Dunama_III
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Aliram, who was the mother of Ali's son Idris IV Alooma. Most king lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries give Ali a reign
Ali_II_Zainami
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
Ibrahim I Nikale. Dirke Kelem is recorded in lists of Kanem–Bornu rulers (girgams) translated by Gustav Nachtigal (1881), Moïse Landeroin [fr] (1911), and
Dirke_Kelem
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
Girl/Female
Indian
Rightly guided
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Mirror
Boy/Male
American, British, English
From the Grassy Plain
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : nickname for a soldier or for a belligerent person, from Old French (de la) werre, (de la) guerre ‘(of the) war’. Compare Delaware.
Male
African
big devil.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Golden king
Boy/Male
French American
Church official.
Female
Dutch
, firm spear.
Boy/Male
French
Strong.
Boy/Male
African, Czech, Dutch, German, Japanese
Guardian
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
GIRGAM
GIRGAM