Search references for GIAOUR. Phrases containing GIAOUR
See searches and references containing GIAOUR!GIAOUR
Non-Muslim person (of the Ottoman Empire)
Giaour or Gawur or Gavour (/ˈdʒaʊər/; Turkish: gâvur, Turkish pronunciation: [ɟaˈvuɾ]; from Persian: گور gâvor; Romanian: ghiaur; Albanian: kaur; Greek:
Giaour
Poem by Lord Byron
The Giaour, A Fragment of a Turkish Tale is a poem by Lord Byron first published in 1813 by John Murray and printed by Thomas Davison. It was the first
The_Giaour
1786 novel by William Beckford
kick the giaour into a remote valley. Vathek stays in the area and eventually hears Giaour's voice telling him that if he worships the Giaour and the jinns
Vathek
Name given to common people by Ottomans
and religious discrimination against the latter, viewed of as infidels (giaour). Although the term initially and generally was used to encompass all of
Rayah
Three paintings by Eugène Delacroix
Byron's 1813 poem The Giaour, with the Giaour ambushing and killing Hassan, the Pasha, before retiring to a monastery. Giaour had fallen in love with
The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan
The_Combat_of_the_Giaour_and_Hassan
Word meaning 'non-Jew'
portal Gentile Goyslop Shabbos goy Gadjo, a non-Romani person Ger toshav Giaour Kafir "Definition of Goy". Collins Dictionary Online. Retrieved 21 September
Goy
Polytheistic religious groups
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Paganism
Former evangelical Christian movement
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Jesus_movement
Religious slur
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Qadiani
Russian legendary creature
suggest that Pushkin borrowed and adapted the word from Lord Byron's "The Giaour", which contains a footnote claiming that the Greek word for a vampire is
Vourdalak
Sunni polemical term to refer to Shiites
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Rafida
Non-Muslims living in an Islamic state
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Dhimmi
Persian word of non-Muslims
Empire, the Turkish version gâvur, borrowed into English via French as "giaour", was used to refer to Christians. It is sometimes still used today in former
Gabr
Railroad bridge in Turkey
The Varda Viaduct (Turkish: Varda Köprüsü), aka Giaour Dere Viaduct, locally known as "Alman Köprüsü" or "Koca Köprü" (literally: German Viaduct or Big
Varda_Viaduct
Ottoman child levy and enslavement
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Devshirme
Artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement
four "Turkish tales", all in the form of long poems, starting with The Giaour in 1813, drawing from his Grand Tour, which had reached Ottoman Europe,
Romanticism
Female figure and also place of evil mentioned in the Book of Revelation
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Whore_of_Babylon
Secret Irish republican political organisations
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Fenians
Ethnic slur directed at Jewish people
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Kike
Type of antihero often characterized by isolation and contemplation
Byron's other works, including his series of poems on Oriental themes: The Giaour (1813), The Corsair (1814) and Lara (1814); and his closet play Manfred
Byronic_hero
Term referring to members of the Wesleyan-Holiness movement in the US
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Holy_Roller
Term for Zoroastrians
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Majus
Archaic derogatory term for Roman Catholicism
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Popery
1819 unfinished vampire horror story written by Lord Byron
about his views on vampires and vampirism in his notes to the 1813 work The Giaour: A Fragment of a Turkish Tale: The Vampire superstition is still general
Fragment_of_a_Novel
Term for disbelievers in Islam
(Christian term) Goy (Jewish term) Ahl al-Fatrah Divisions of the world in Islam Giaour Kafirun (Sura) Kaffir (racial term) Takfir Takfiri Mumin Munafiq Zandaqa
Kafir
Epithet of religious discrimination
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Mirzai
British poet (1788–1824)
last two cantos, as well as four equally celebrated "Oriental Tales": The Giaour, The Bride of Abydos, The Corsair, and Lara. About the same time, he began
Lord_Byron
Ethnic slur used to refer to a Black person
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Kaffir_(racial_term)
Pejorative term for Bengali Hindus
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Malaun
Person seen as professing orthodoxy to mask actual belief
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Nicodemite
Derogatory term for Catholics in America
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Mackerel_snapper
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Derogatory term used to refer to Sufis
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Grave_worshipper
Term describing Muslims who engage in excommunication
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Takfiri
Mythical creature
Rosa, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's unfinished Christabel and Lord Byron's The Giaour. Byron was also credited with the first prose fiction piece concerned with
Vampire
Independent court pertaining to personal religious laws of Ottoman subjects
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)
Islamic religious term meaning apostate, heretic, or atheist
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Mulhid
Social structure of the Ottoman Empire
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Social class in the Ottoman Empire
Social_class_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Poem written by Lord Byron
of Abydos is considered to be one of his "Heroic Poems", along with The Giaour, Lara, The Siege of Corinth, The Corsair and Parisina. These poems contributed
The_Bride_of_Abydos
Art museum in Illinois, United States
Stuart, Portrait of Henry Dearborn, 1812 Eugène Delacroix, The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan, 1826 John Simpson, The Captive Slave, 1827 Édouard Manet, Seascape
Art_Institute_of_Chicago
Expression in the English language
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Creeping_Jesus
Vampire in Slavic and Turkic folklore
English-language culture as a "vampyre", mentioned by Lord Byron in The Giaour in 1813, described by John William Polidori in "The Vampyre" in 1819, and
Upiór
disrespectful), pejorative (disapproving or contemptuous), or insulting manner. Giaour Word for a person who is not Muslim, but especially for a Christian. Adapted
List_of_religious_slurs
Shiite polemical term to refer to Sunnis or heterodox sect of Islam
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Bakriyyah
British painter (1821–1893)
at the Royal Academy in 1840, a work inspired by Lord Byron's poem The Giaour (now lost) and then completed a version of The Execution of Mary, Queen
Ford_Madox_Brown
French painter (1798–1863)
and paintings from Goethe's Faust. Paintings such as The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan (1826), and Woman with Parrot (1827), introduced subjects of
Eugène_Delacroix
Individuals who identify as Muslim but reject at least one of the tenets of Islam
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Zandaqa
Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Yid
Extinct baronetcy in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
of Chillon, Fugitive Pieces, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Don Juan, The Giaour…. e-artnow. p. 3399. "de Bathe, Gen. Sir Henry Perceval". Who's Who. A & C
De_Bathe_baronets
English novelist and aristocrat (1785–1828)
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–1818) The Curse of Minerva (1812) The Giaour (1813) The Bride of Abydos (1813) The Corsair (1814) Lara, A Tale (1814)
Lady_Caroline_Lamb
Pejorative for a non-Jewish woman or girl
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Shiksa
Unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Fundamentalism
Disbeliever in central tenets of a religion
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Infidel
Church described in the Book of Mormon
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Great_and_abominable_church
1829 English poem by Derozio
poem has been compared to Lord Byron's so-called "Turkish Tales" like The Giaour and to Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem "The Improvisatrice". Black, Joseph;
The_Fakeer_of_Jungheera
Satiric poem by Lord Byron
should be half so pretty" (V. clv, 1240). In a Muslim culture, Don Juan is a giaour, a non-Muslim. The narrator Byron then comments that "in the East, they
Don_Juan_(poem)
Fire in Istanbul in 1660
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Great_Fire_of_1660
Ottoman-Jewish physician
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Moses_Hamon
Period of Ottoman rule of Greece
Bavarian Prince Otto was chosen to be its first King. Greece portal Dragomans Giaour Greek Muslims List of former mosques in Greece Ionian Islands under Venetian
Ottoman_Greece
1830 painting by Eugène Delacroix
O'Shanter (1825) Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1826) The Combat of the Giaour and Hassan (1826, 1835, 1856) The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero (1826)
Liberty_Leading_the_People
1827 poem by Edgar Allan Poe
The poem was influenced by Lord Byron's drama Manfred and his poem The Giaour in both manner and style. Poe may have first heard of Timur in July 1822
Tamerlane_(poem)
gentile to describe outsiders, but such usage has declined among Mormons. Giaour (Turkish; gâvur) Also spelled Ghiaour or Gavur, a generic term for a non-Muslim
List of terms for ethnic out-groups
List_of_terms_for_ethnic_out-groups
Belgian painter (1803–1874)
(republished on web). pp. 301–303, 324. Retrieved 17 February 2011. "Le Giaour, étude – Gustave Wappers". Joconde, Catalogue des collections des muséés
Gustaaf_Wappers
Jewish school of thought
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Misnagdim
Term for preliminary Buddhism before Mahayāna
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Hinayana
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Heresy_in_Buddhism
Caliph classes) A57 0-6-0 GWR 5 ft 0 in 17 in × 24 in 1852 1892 102 Flirt, Giaour, Hebe, Pearl, Ariadne, Leander, Cato, Europa, Nelson, Trafalgar, Cicero
List of GWR broad gauge locomotives
List_of_GWR_broad_gauge_locomotives
Conjectural literary genre
Sheridan Le Fanu (1872).[original research?] In a passage in his epic poem The Giaour (1813), Lord Byron alludes to the traditional folkloric conception of the
Vampire_literature
Lebanese writer and journalist (1861–1929)
event of Arabic nationalism organized abroad". Another of his plays, La Giaour (the Infidel), was set to music by Marc Delmas in 1914. Ganem married Anaïs-Marie
Chekri_Ganem
Village in Gaziantep Province, Turkey
Türkyurdu, historically Gâvurköy (lit. 'giaour village'), is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şehitkamil, Gaziantep Province, Turkey
Türkyurdu,_Şehitkamil
Founder of England's first Mosque
part in the expedition against these Muslims that he thereby helps the Giaour against the Muslim, and his name will be unworthy to be continued upon the
Abdullah_Quilliam
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Enslavement of people of European descent
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
White_slavery
Ethnic slur
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Taig
Concept that emerged towards the end of the Tanzimat period
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Ottomanism
Anti-communist and antisemitic canard
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Żydokomuna
Incorrigible unbeliever in Mahayana Buddhism
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Icchantika
after in the London literary scene as he receives invitations daily The Giaour: A fragment of a Turkish tale The Waltz: An Apostrophic Hymn, published
1813_in_poetry
Musical artist
recorded music with Jono Podmore for Japanese director Rika Ohara's film The Giaour. Director Cüneyt Gök shot a documentary film about Murat Ertel called ‘Aşıkların
Murat_Ertel
1819 short story
John William Polidori due to the way that it references Lord Byron's "The Giaour." The Black Vampyre is stated to be "an American response" to Polidori's
The_Black_Vampyre
1 June – Last speech in House of Lords. 8 June – First edition of The Giaour published. 20 June – Met Madame de Stael for first time. 26 June – Augusta
Timeline_of_Lord_Byron
Eastern Orthodox Christian community in the Ottoman Empire
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Rum_millet
Pejorative term
Theravādins Hīnayāna Non-Mahāyānists Hīnayāna Icchantika Christians General Giaour Jesus freak Nicodemite Kafir Catholics Creeping Jesus Dogan Fenian Mackerel
Zhyd
Overview of the imperial court of the Ottoman Empire
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Ottoman_court
Label applied to Balkan Muslims
rebellion against Dahias, when Turks from Srebrenica killed Serbs in Mačva". Giaour Ottoman wars in Europe Turkoman (ethnonym) Mentzel 2000, p. 8. Fotić 2017
Turk_(term_for_Muslims)
1621 battle of the Polish–Ottoman War
publicly that the result of this battle was an Ottoman victory over the 'giaour'. When he returned to Constantinople on 27 December 1621, he entered with
Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)
Literature of the Romantic Period
four "Turkish tales", all in the form of long poems, starting with The Giaour in 1813, drawing from his Grand Tour, which had reached Ottoman Europe,
Romantic_literature
Fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre
This short story was inspired by the life of Lord Byron and his poem The Giaour. An important later work is Varney the Vampire (1845), where many standard
Genre_fiction
Turkish storyteller
their influence in the society. The story told in Lord Byron's poem The Giaour originated as having been "by accident recited by one of the coffee-house
Meddah
Restauration, H. Souverain, 1837 La Robe rouge, 2 vol, H. Souverain, 1839 Le Giaour, Grand Opera in 3 acts, with Louis Tavernier, music by Jules Bovéry, 1839
Antony_Rénal
Delacroix's fascination for the Giaour by Lord Byron". Le Louvre. 17 March 2021. "A Romantic Duel, Delacroix's Fascination for "The Giaour" by Lord Byron - Musée
2020_in_art
Ethnolinguistic community recognized in Ottoman law
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Ullah_millet
Topics referred to by the same term
(disambiguation) Goda (disambiguation) Gora (disambiguation) Gauri (disambiguation) Giaour, a historical slur for non-Muslims Guar, a green vegetable Guar gum This
Gaur_(disambiguation)
Discrimination against the Greek people
used in the United States, targeting Greek and other Mediterranean people. Giaour – A slur used in the Ottoman Empire, targeting the people of the Balkans
Anti-Greek_sentiment
List of gothic literary works
Wanderer (1814) William Butler, The House of Balestrom (2011) Lord Byron, The Giaour (1813) and Fragment of a Novel (1819) Truman Capote, Other Voices, Other
List_of_gothic_fiction_works
1955 state-sanctioned violence against minorities in Turkey
the eyewitness account of a Greek dentist, the mob chanted "Death to the Giaours" (infidels), "Massacre the Greek traitors", "Down with Europe" and "Onward
Istanbul_pogrom
treated as second-class citizens, i.e., as dhimmis. They were often called giaour, meaning "infidel" as an offensive term. Most of the conquered land was
Islam_in_Bulgaria
Literary museum in Paris, France
Princesse de Joinville, Princesse Marie d'Orléans, as well as oils of The Giaour (after Lord Byron), Faust and Marguerite (after Goethe), Effie and Jeanie
Musée_de_la_Vie_romantique
Greek national poet (1798–1857)
fragmentary works of romantic literature (such as Kubla Khan by Coleridge, Giaour by Lord Byron and Heinrich von Oftendingen by Novalis), even though this
Dionysios_Solomos
Armenian Aromanian Bulgarian Armenians Jews Greeks Great Fire of 1660 Rise of nationalism Tanzimat Ottomanism Classes Askeri Ayan Giaour Rayah Vlachs v t e
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord venkateswara
Female
Hindi/Indian
(उषा) Hindi myth name of a demon princess, daughter of heaven, and sister of night, USHA means "dawn."
Boy/Male
British, English
Barley Field
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hurlbut.
Girl/Female
Tamil
{h}goddess Parvati {m}almost perfect, Invisible
Boy/Male
British, English
Blend of Mary and Lyn
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Wildcat Brook
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sridatri | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à®¾à®¤à¯à®°à¯€
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sun; Brilliant
Boy/Male
Irish
In bloom.
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
GIAOUR
n.
An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians.