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Ratio of a celestial body's brightness to that of a Lambertian ideal
In astronomy, the geometric albedo of a celestial body is the ratio of its actual brightness as seen from the light source (i.e. at zero phase angle) to
Geometric_albedo
Ratio of how much light is reflected back from a body
Albedo (/ælˈbiːdoʊ/ al-BEE-doh; from Latin albedo 'whiteness') is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a
Albedo
Fraction of incident light reflected by an astronomical body
reliable data for measuring their Bond albedo comes from spacecraft. The Bond albedo (A) is related to the geometric albedo (p) by the expression A = p q {\displaystyle
Bond_albedo
Large trans-neptunian object
Varuna is dark, with a measured geometric albedo of 0.127 based on thermal observations in 2013. Varuna's geometric albedo is similar to that of the possible
20000_Varuna
Halley-type comet
larger nucleus at 23.9–27.1 km (14.9–16.8 mi) in diameter assuming a geometric albedo of 0.035–0.045, and a bare nucleus (i.e. without cometary activity)
P/2006_HR30_(Siding_Spring)
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 92 km × 74 km (57 mi × 46 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.069, little is known about it. In Voyager 2 imagery Cressida appears
Cressida_(moon)
Moon of Makemake
nominal absolute magnitude of 7.8, a geometric albedo of 0.02 gives a diameter of 250 km (160 mi) while a geometric albedo of 0.04 gives a diameter of 175 km
S/2015_(136472)_1
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 90 km × 54 km (56 mi × 34 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.084, little is known about Desdemona. In Voyager 2 imagery, Desdemona
Desdemona_(moon)
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 50 km × 36 km (31 mi × 22 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.056, little is known about it. In the Voyager 2 images, Cordelia
Cordelia_(moon)
Natural satellites of the planet Neptune
of albedo such as the geometric albedo, which can be above 1. In general, though, the Bond albedo may be greater or smaller than the geometric albedo, depending
Moons_of_Neptune
be used to derive other albedo and scattering properties, such as the geometric albedo, the phase integral, and the Bond albedo. The Hapke model has been
Hapke_parameters
Classical Kuiper belt object
resonance with Neptune. Assuming it has a typical cluster average geometric albedo, this would make it roughly the same size as Ixion (about 697 km diameter)
(278361)_2007_JJ43
Main-belt comet
with 457P. Based on an absolute magnitude of 18.96 and an assumed geometric albedo of 0.05, the nucleus of 457P has an effective radius of 560 m. Photometric
457P/Lemmon–PanSTARRS
Classical Kuiper belt object
occultation was recorded on 14 January 2022; full results on size, shape, geometric albedo, and the spin-axis orientation have not been released.[needs update]
19521_Chaos
Exoplanet in the Neptunian Desert
known planets in the Neptunian desert. It is highly reflective, with a geometric albedo of 0.73±0.11 (reflects 73% of light +/- 11%). This makes it the most
LTT_9779_b
Large trans-Neptunian object in the scattered disc
it can be estimated from its brightness by assuming it has the same geometric albedo as other, similar, large scattered disc objects. Cheng, Li, and Yang
2017_OF201
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 54 km × 38 km (34 mi × 24 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.062, little is known about it. In images taken by Voyager 2, Ophelia
Ophelia_(moon)
Apollo asteroid target of Hayabusa2's extended mission
light can be used to derive its geometric albedo, though its uncertain absolute magnitude leads to uncertainties in albedo. Spectroscopy observations in
98943_Torifune
Active asteroid or comet
1998 SH2 may have a diameter of about 383 m (1,257 ft) assuming a geometric albedo of about 0.058. Astrometric measurements up to 2025 revealed orbital
(875163)_1998_SH2
Background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt
outstandingly high albedo of 0.90 and a diameter of 1.8 kilometers. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids
13070_Seanconnery
Interstellar object that passed near Earth in 2017
a highly elongated body with radii of ~200×20 m when a comet-like geometric albedo of 0.04 is assumed. Here we report spectroscopic characterisation of
1I/ʻOumuamua
Dwarf planet with a ring and two moons
Santos-Sanz, Pablo; Rustamkulov, Zafar (December 2025). "Accurate geometric albedo, shape, and size of Hi'iaka from a stellar occultation". Nature Communications
Haumea
Rapidly rotating main-belt asteroid
was determined from its absolute magnitude of 18.7 and an assumed geometric albedo of 0.15. Analysis of Vera C. Rubin Observatory's April–May 2025 observations
2025_MN45
Main-belt asteroid
has not been determined, Based on its family classification and measured albedo (see below), it is likely a stony S-type asteroid. It has an absolute magnitude
10140_Villon
Exoplanet orbiting TrES-2, known for being the "Darkest Exoplanet"
geometric albedo measured in 2011, making it the intrinsically darkest known exoplanet. If the entire day–night contrast were due to geometric albedo
TrES-2b
Jupiter-family comet
comet has a radius of 0.68 ± 0.04 km (0.423 ± 0.025 mi), assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04, based on observations by Hubble Space Telescope, while observations
71P/Clark
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 150 km × 74 km (93 mi × 46 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.075, little is known about Juliet. In Voyager 2 imagery, Juliet
Juliet_(moon)
Plutino
observations of Ixion show that it has an absolute magnitude of 3.8 and a geometric albedo (reflectivity) of 0.11. In terms of absolute magnitude, Ixion was the
28978_Ixion
Largest dwarf planet in the Solar System
calculate Pluto's albedo for the first time. They concluded that Pluto had to be exceptionally luminous for its size, with a geometric albedo between 0.4 and
Pluto
Moon of Uranus
its dimensions of about 156 km × 126 km (97 mi × 78 mi), orbit, and geometric albedo of about 0.069. In Voyager 2 imagery, Portia appears as an elongated
Portia_(moon)
Scattered disc object
that of Earth's moon and a bit more than Saturn's moon Enceladus. The geometric albedo of Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà is approximately 0.15, and its bulk density is approximately
229762_Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà
Asteroid
(January 2004). "9969 Braille: Deep Space 1 infrared spectroscopy, geometric albedo, and classification". Icarus. 167 (1): 129–135. Bibcode:2004Icar..167
9969_Braille
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 64 km × 46 km (40 mi × 29 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.065, little is known about it. In Voyager 2 images Bianca appears
Bianca_(moon)
Larger moon of Haumea
heating. Hiʻiaka has a very high geometric albedo of 0.74, as measured by optical and occultation observations. Hiʻiaka's albedo is even higher than Haumea's
Hiʻiaka_(moon)
Moon of Uranus
photometric properties. Other than its orbit, diameter of 72 km (45 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.072, little is known about Rosalind. In Voyager 2 imagery, Rosalind
Rosalind_(moon)
Moon of Uranus
estimated to be only about 17.8 km (11.1 mi) in diameter, assuming its geometric albedo is the same as the other Portia group moons. Its faintness made it
Cupid_(moon)
Dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
the surface of Makemake appears very bright and reflective with a geometric albedo of 82% (more reflective than Pluto), suggesting that its methane is
Makemake
Risk-listed near-Earth asteroid
reflectivity (geometric albedo). If 2024 YR4 reflects between 5% and 25% of visible light, as do the vast majority of asteroids with a measured albedo, then its
2024_YR4
Irregular moon of Neptune
11.2, which can be used to estimate the moon's diameter. Assuming a geometric albedo range of 0.04–0.10 that is typical for most irregular moons, S/2002
S/2002_N_5
Most massive dwarf planet
Eris is more massive. It also indicates a geometric albedo of 0.96. It is speculated that the high albedo is due to the surface ices being replenished
Eris_(dwarf_planet)
Moon of Uranus
Other than its orbit, size of 128 km × 64 km (80 mi × 40 mi), and geometric albedo of 0.067, little is known about it. Voyager 2 images show Belinda as
Belinda_(moon)
Trojan moon of Saturn
visual wavelengths) in the Solar System, with a visual geometric albedo of 1.34. This very high albedo is the result of the sandblasting of particles from
Calypso_(moon)
Main-belt asteroid
Physical characteristics Dimensions 59.53±4.2 km Synodic rotation period 16.133 h (0.6722 d) Geometric albedo 0.0599±0.009 Absolute magnitude (H) 10.0
436_Patricia
Largest known Oort cloud comet
(V-band) geometric albedo largely comes from the unknown level of thermal contamination by cometary dust surrounding the nucleus. The lower-limit albedo 0.033±0
C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
Main-belt asteroid
upon this study, the asteroid has a diameter of 136.4 ± 1.2 km. The geometric albedo calculated at the time of the occultation was 0.071 ± 0.002. 2012 photometric
47_Aglaja
Main-belt asteroid
Physical characteristics Dimensions 56.309±0.396 km Synodic rotation period 15.89 hours Geometric albedo 0.255 Spectral type S Absolute magnitude (H) 8.28
67_Asia
Extreme trans-Neptunian object from the outer Oort cloud
Michael E. Brown estimated a diameter of 265 km for a typical TNO geometric albedo of 0.08 on his list. Johnston's archive estimated a diameter of 218 km
2014_FE72
Measure of the luminosity of celestial objects
more uniform light back at low phase angles. The definition of the geometric albedo p {\displaystyle p} , a measure for the reflectivity of planetary surfaces
Absolute_magnitude
Outermost moon of Neptune
12.1, which can be used to estimate the moon's diameter. Assuming a geometric albedo range of 0.04–0.10 that is typical for most irregular moons, S/2021
S/2021_N_1
Large object in the scattered disc
Chiminigagua's brightness and diameter indicates it has a moderate geometric albedo of 0.170+0.045 −0.030, which is on the high end for mid-sized TNOs
532037_Chiminigagua
Main-belt asteroid
Physical characteristics Dimensions 69.29±4.4 km Synodic rotation period 10.864 h (0.4527 d) Geometric albedo 0.0843±0.012 Absolute magnitude (H) 9.7
252_Clementina
Trans-Neptunian object
Survey's definition. Xewioso is a dark object with an extremely low geometric albedo of between 0.01 and 0.08 and an absolute magnitude of 5.4, which corresponds
78799_Xewioso
Main-belt asteroid
geometric albedo of 0.07±0.01. By comparison, the MIPS photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope gives a diameter of 168.72±8.89 km and a geometric albedo
106_Dione
Main-belt asteroid
years (2,117 days) and rotates around its axis in 23 hours. Its low geometric albedo of 0.047 has been measured by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite,
859_Bouzaréah
Moon of Uranus
Perdita apart from its orbit and intrinsic brightness. By assuming its geometric albedo is similar to that of the other Portia group members, its radius can
Perdita_(moon)
these categories are subject to change with further evidence. The geometric albedo A {\displaystyle A} is calculated from the measured absolute magnitude
List of possible dwarf planets
List_of_possible_dwarf_planets
Main-belt asteroid
diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter. Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037. The
19_Fortuna
Astronomical parameters
table shows that for bodies in the asteroid albedo range, the typical difference between Bond and geometric albedo is 20% or less, with either quantity capable
Standard asteroid physical characteristics
Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics
Active main belt asteroid
with a geometric albedo of about 0.0653. Spectroscopic observations reveal that it has a flat spectral slope that, in combination with its low albedo, is
(62412)_2000_SY178
Hyperbolic comet
made C/2017 U7 as one of the largest comets ever known, assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04. Soln.date: 2018-Mar-04: EC= 1.003046 (Heliocentric epoch 2020-May-19)
C/2017_U7_(PanSTARRS)
Asteroid
mission, Kafka measures 6.1 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.231. Kafka is a superslow rotator. Its rotation period of 2,766 hours
3412_Kafka
Moon of Jupiter
excavates a bright material (presumably ice) from its interior. The geometric albedo of Metis is approximately 0.061±0.003. Metis is the innermost of Jupiter's
Metis_(moon)
Irregular moon of Neptune
and an assumed geometric albedo. Assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04, Neso's diameter would be about 60 km (37 mi). For a higher albedo of 0.06, Neso would
Neso_(moon)
Asteroid
Explorer, ASCII measures 23.752 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.045. This minor planet was named after the acronym for American Standard
3568_ASCII
Moon of Uranus
Puck, the largest being about 45 km (28 mi) in diameter. It has a geometric albedo in visible light of approximately 10%, which is relatively dark, and
Puck_(moon)
Rapidly rotating scattered-disc object
Assuming that the >1260 km occultation model is correct, then its geometric albedo must be less than 0.03. In 2023, a study on photometric observations
(523692)_2014_EZ51
Classical Kuiper belt object
could not determine a period. Aya has a dark, reddish surface with a geometric albedo of about 11%. The visible and near-infrared spectrum of Aya lacks obvious
55565_Aya
Natural satellites of the planet Saturn
satellites are calculated from their absolute magnitudes with an assumed geometric albedo of 0.04, which is the average value for that population. Calculations
Moons_of_Saturn
Great Comet of 1997
thick. Based on the properties of the dust grains—high temperature, high albedo and strong 10 μm silicate emission feature—the astronomers concluded the
Comet_Hale–Bopp
Periodic comet and active asteroid
indicating an effective radius of about 0.3 km (0.19 mi) assuming a geometric albedo of 0.05. The comet was observed to be active again during the 2017
259P/Garradd
Sednoid
suggests a diameter between 220 and 380 km (140 and 240 mi), if it has a geometric albedo between 0.05 and 0.15. Observations by the Magellan Telescopes in April
2023_KQ14
Binary trans-Neptunian object
brightness increases gradually, which indicates it has a low geometric albedo. Huya's low albedo has since been confirmed with measurements of Huya's diameter
38628_Huya
Minor planet orbiting in the asteroid belt
characteristics Mean radius 24.00±1.9 km Synodic rotation period 7.15 h 7.16633 h (0.298597 d) Geometric albedo 0.1109±0.020 Absolute magnitude (H) 9.5
573_Recha
Near-Earth Asteroid
corresponds to a mean diameter about 1.18 km (0.73 mi), calculated from a geometric albedo of 0.06 typical for C-type asteroids. This makes 2020 XL5 the largest
(614689)_2020_XL5
Ringed centaur in the outer Solar System
the ecliptic. The surface of Chariklo is dark and reddish with a low geometric albedo of 3.7%. In visible light, the reflectance spectrum of Chariklo appears
10199_Chariklo
Jupiter-family comet
nucleus has an effective radius of 6.0±0.8 km, which corresponds to a visual albedo of 0.034±0.014, and a reflectance spectrum typical of a D-type asteroid
162P/Siding_Spring
Near-Earth asteroid of the Atira group
based on its absolute magnitude of 17.7 and an assumed X-type asteroid geometric albedo of 0.098±0.081. The brightness of 2021 PH27 periodically fluctuates
2021_PH27
Main-belt asteroid
geometric albedo of 0.03±0.01. By comparison, the MIPS photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope gives a diameter of 145.44±7.72 km and a geometric albedo
283_Emma
Resonant trans-Neptunian object
If it has a hidden moon, its true geometric albedo would be around 0.127, closer to the average TNO albedo. The albedo is thought to vary across 2002 TC302's
(84522)_2002_TC302
Irregular moon of Neptune
and an assumed geometric albedo. Assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04, Sao's diameter would be about 44 km (27 mi). For a higher albedo of 0.06, Sao would
Sao_(moon)
Irregular moon of Neptune
an assumed geometric albedo. Assuming a geometric albedo of 0.04, Laomedeia's diameter would be about 42 km (26 mi). For a higher albedo of 0.06, Laomedeia
Laomedeia
Distant body in the outer Solar System
visible light, Sedna has an absolute magnitude of about 1.8 and an estimated albedo (reflectivity) of around 0.41, which gives it a diameter of approximately
Sedna_(dwarf_planet)
Binary Kuiper belt object
piles" rather than solid ice or rock. Altjira has a relatively high geometric albedo, measured at 0.14±0.05. It exhibits a very red surface color in the
148780_Altjira
Star in the constellation Virgo
were the first ever to have their reflectivity (or geometric albedo) measured. The geometric albedos of Spica A and B are, respectively, 3.61 percent and
Spica
Main-belt asteroid
geometric albedo range from 0.41 to 0.55, with the average being 0.48. Resolved imaging of Nysa has shown that its surface is uniform, with no albedo
44_Nysa
Planet outside of the Solar System
white or grey in appearance. The darkest known planet in terms of geometric albedo is TrES-2b, a hot Jupiter that reflects less than 1% of the light from
Exoplanet
Optical effect
cast upon the upper surfaces of clouds opposite the Sun Gegenschein Geometric albedo Hameen-Anttila, K.A.; Pyykko, S. (July 1972). "Photometric behaviour
Opposition_surge
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
the 1970s, infrared photometry enabled more accurate measurements of its albedo, and Ceres's diameter was determined to within ten percent of its true value
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
Amor and Mars-crosser asteroid
characteristics Mean radius 0.5 ± 0.075 km Synodic rotation period 4.42601 h (0.184417 d) Geometric albedo 0.23 Spectral type V Absolute magnitude (H) 17.3
3908_Nyx
Main-belt asteroid
diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.062, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of
2065_Spicer
Main-belt asteroid
km Mass (1.30±0.10)×1018 kg Mean density 1.09 g/cm3 Synodic rotation period 21.04 h Geometric albedo 0.052 Spectral type C Absolute magnitude (H) 8.36
46_Hestia
Asteroid
Sq-subtype in the SMASS taxonomic scheme, with a geometric albedo of 0.24. An alternative and exceptionally high albedo of 0.43 was determined by 11 observations
2201_Oljato
Gas layer surrounding Venus
2014 ). Retrieved 21 September 2017. This is the spherical albedo. The geometrical albedo is 85%. Landis, Geoffrey A. (2001). "Exploring Venus by Solar
Atmosphere_of_Venus
Irregular moon of Uranus
13.7, which can be used to estimate the moon's diameter. Assuming a geometric albedo range of 0.04–0.10 that is typical for most irregular moons, S/2023
S/2023_U_1
Great Comet of 2024
Mean radius <5.9 ± 0.2 km (3.67 ± 0.12 mi) Mass (4.3±0.8)×1014 kg Geometric albedo 0.04 (assumed) Comet total magnitude (M1) 6.5 Comet nuclear magnitude
Comet_Tsuchinshan–ATLAS
Trans-Neptunian object (TNO)
be icy fragments of the dwarf planet Haumea. 1995 SM55 has a high geometric albedo of 0.80 in visible light and a similar orbit to the dwarf planet Haumea
(24835)_1995_SM55
Main-belt asteroid
characteristics Dimensions 61.82±2.1 km Synodic rotation period 9.401 h (0.3917 d) Geometric albedo 0.1694±0.012 Spectral type M Absolute magnitude (H) 8.59
224_Oceana
Main-belt asteroid
Physical characteristics Mean radius 12.735±0.6 km Synodic rotation period 7.36 h (0.307 d) Geometric albedo 0.2416±0.024 Absolute magnitude (H) 10.13
945_Barcelona
Asteroid
with the IRAS observatory give a diameter of 109.56 ± 5.04 km and a geometric albedo of 0.08 ± 0.01. By comparison, the MIPS photometer on the Spitzer Space
233_Asterope
Near-Earth asteroid
(200 ft) with dimensions of 85 by 55 metres (279 ft × 180 ft), assuming a geometric albedo of 0.110–0.117; its estimated size may be off by a factor of 2. Observations
1999_SF10
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GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
GEOMETRIC ALBEDO
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